Influência das competências sociais e dos acontecimentos de vida negativos no sucesso e adaptação escolar de adolescentes integrados no programa PIEF

O trabalho de investigação aqui apresentado teve como objetivo analisar a influência das competências sociais e dos acontecimentos de vida negativos no desempenho escolar de jovens integrados em turmas de Programa Integrado de Educação e Formação (PIEF). Foram inquiridos 90 adolescentes (47 rapazes e 43 raparigas), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos, frequentando 63 o ensino regular e 27 o ensino PIEF. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: o questionário de dados sociodemográficos de adolescentes (DASA) (Nunes, Lemos, & Guimarães, 2011), a Escala de Avaliação de Competências Sociais, versão portuguesa do SSRS (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) que avalia as Competências Sociais dos adolescentes. O inventário de Acontecimentos de Vida Negativos (Oliva, Jiménez, Parra e Sanchez-Queija, 2008) e ainda a subescala - Ambiente Escolar e Aprendizagem do questionário Kidscreen-52 (Gaspar & Matos, 2008). Neste estudo, foram identificados como fatores de risco familiar relevantes: o desemprego, a baixa condição socioeconómica, a coabitação em família numerosa e progenitores com baixo nível educacional. Os resultados permitem concluir que tais fatores, quando conjugados, condicionam o rendimento escolar e contribuem para o absentismo escolar, confirmando assim a necessidade de identificação dos fatores de risco a que os nossos estudantes estão sujeitos, por forma a atuar atempadamente nos mecanismos que operam sobre esses fatores, prevenindo o insucesso e o abandono escolar. Em sintonia com outros investigadores, foi ainda possível confirmar a importância do ensino das competências sociais para o bom funcionamento social e académico de todos os estudantes, enquanto medida preventiva de comportamentos negativos.

Acontecimentos de vida stressantes, psicopatologia e qualidade de vida em adolescentes escolarizados

Os acontecimentos de vida stressantes enquanto constructo psicológico referem-se a experiências com um impacto significativo no desenvolvimento de perturbações durante a adolescência. Relacionam-se ainda com a perceção da qualidade de vida por parte do adolescente (Marcelli & Braconnier, 2005). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de estudar os acontecimentos de vida stressantes enquanto possíveis potenciadores de perturbações psicopatológicas, assim como, as consequências destas duas variáveis na qualidade de vida, saúde e bem-estar do adolescente. Para a recolha de informação foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: um Questionário de dados Sociodemográficos e familiares (Nunes, Lemos & Guimarães, 2011); o Inventário de situações de vida stressantes (Oliva, et al, 2008); um Inventário de psicopatologia - Youth Self Report (Achenbach, 1991 versão portuguesa de Fonseca, el tal, 1994); e o Inventário de Qualidade de vida saúde e bem-estar - KIDSCREEN-52 Group, 2004 versão portuguesa do Projeto Aventura Social, 2006). A amostra consistiu em 87 adolescentes escolarizados, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 17 anos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o número de acontecimentos de vida stressantes se encontra significativamente e positivamente associado com sintomatologia psicopatológica e negativamente associado com a perceção de qualidade de vida pelos participantes. Ainda, podemos verificar que a sintomatologia psicopatológica apresenta uma associação negativa com a qualidade de vida. Estes resultados sugerem uma inter-relação entre as variáveis em estudo, visto estarem as três correlacionadas.

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric particulate samples by microwaveassisted extraction and liquid chromatography

A methodology based on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and LC with fluorescence detection (FLD) was investigated for the efficient determination of 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) regarded as priority pollutants by the US Environmental Protection Agency and dibenzo(a,l)pyrene in atmospheric particulate samples. PAHs were successfully extracted from real outdoor particulate matter (PM) samples with recoveries ranging from 81.4±8.8 to 112.0±1.1%, for all the compounds except for naphthalene (62.3±18.0%) and anthracene (67.3±5.7%), under the optimum MAE conditions (30.0 mL of ACN for 20 min at 110ºC). No clean-up steps were necessary prior to LC analysis. LOQs ranging from 0.0054 ng/m3 for benzo( a)anthracene to 0.089 ng/m3 for naphthalene were reached. The validated MAE methodology was applied to the determination of PAHs from a set of real world PM samples collected in Oporto (north of Portugal). The sum of particulate-bound PAHs in outdoor PM ranged from 2.5 and 28 ng/m3.

Determination of free furfuryl alcohol in foundry resins by chromatographic techniques

Two chromatographic methods, gas chromatography with flow ionization detection (GC–FID) and liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC–UV), were used to determine furfuryl alcohol in several kinds of foundry resins, after application of an optimised extraction procedure. The GC method developed gave feasibility that did not depend on resin kind. Analysis by LC was suitable just for furanic resins. The presence of interference in the phenolic resins did not allow an appropriate quantification by LC. Both methods gave accurate and precise results. Recoveries were >94%; relative standard deviations were ≤7 and ≤0.3%, respectively for GC and LC methods. Good relative deviations between the two methods were found (≤3%).

Dual augmentation for aerobic bioremediation of MTBE and TCE pollution in heavy metal-contaminated soil

In this work we isolated from soil and characterized several bacterial strains capable of either resisting high concentrations of heavy metals (Cd2+ or Hg2+ or Pb2+) or degrading the common soil and groundwater pollutants MTBE (methyl-tertbutyl ether) or TCE (trichloroethylene). We then used soil microcosms exposed to MTBE (50 mg/l) or TCE (50 mg/l) in the presence of one heavy metal (Cd 10 ppm or Hg 5 ppm or Pb 50 or 100 ppm) and two bacterial isolates at a time, a degrader plus a metalresistant strain. Some of these two-membered consortia showed degradation efficiencies well higher (49–182% higher) than those expected under the conditions employed, demonstrating the occurrence of a synergetic relationship between the strains used. Our results show the efficacy of the dual augmentation strategy for MTBE and TCE bioremediation in the presence of heavy metals.

Determination of free formaldehyde in foundry resins as its 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone by liquid chromatography

Formaldehyde is a toxic component that is present in foundry resins. Its quantification is important to the characterisation of the resin (kind and degradation) as well as for the evaluation of free contaminants present in wastes generated by the foundry industry. The complexity of the matrices considered suggests the need for separative techniques. The method developed for the identification and quantification of formaldehyde in foundry resins is based on the determination of free carbonyl compounds by derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), being adapted to the considered matrices using liquid chromatography (LC) with UV detection. Formaldehyde determinations in several foundry resins gave precise results. Mean recovery and R.S.D. were, respectively, >95 and 5%. Analyses by the hydroxylamine reference method gave comparable results. Results showed that hydroxylamine reference method is applicable just for a specific kind of resin, while the developed method has good performance for all studied resins.

Chromatographic techniques for the determination of free phenol in foundry resins

Phenol is a toxic compound present in a wide variety of foundry resins. Its quantification is important for the characterization of the resins as well as for the evaluation of free contaminants present in foundry wastes. Two chromatographic methods, liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (LC-UV) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), for the analysis of free phenol in several foundry resins, after a simple extraction procedure (30 min), were developed. Both chromatographic methods were suitable for the determination of phenol in the studied furanic and phenolic resins, showing good selectivity, accuracy (recovery 99–100%; relative deviations <5%), and precision (coefficients of variation <6%). The used ASTM reference method was only found to be useful in the analysis of phenolic resins, while the LC and GC methods were applicable for all the studied resins. The developed methods reduce the time of analysis from 3.5 hours to about 30 min and can readily be used in routine quality control laboratories.

Determination of ochratoxin A in bread: evaluation of microwave-assisted extraction using an orthogonal composite design coupled with response surface methodology

An analytical method using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection (FD) for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in bread samples is described. A 24 orthogonal composite design coupled with response surface methodology was used to study the influence of MAE parameters (extraction time, temperature, solvent volume, and stirring speed) in order to maximize OTA recovery. The optimized MAE conditions were the following: 25 mL of acetonitrile, 10 min of extraction, at 80 °C, and maximum stirring speed. Validation of the overall methodology was performed by spiking assays at five levels (0.1–3.00 ng/g). The quantification limit was 0.005 ng/g. The established method was then applied to 64 bread samples (wheat, maize, and wheat/maize bread) collected in Oporto region (Northern Portugal). OTAwas detected in 84 % of the samples with a maximum value of 2.87 ng/g below the European maximum limit established for OTA in cereal products of 3 ng/g.

Assessment of nutritional and metabolic profiles of pea shoots: The new ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable

Pea-shoots are a new option as ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable. However, data about the nutritional composition and the shelf-life stability of these leaves, especially their phytonutrient composition is scarce. In this work, the macronutrient, micronutrient and phytonutrients profile of minimally processed pea shoots were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of a 10-day storage period. Several physicochemical characteristics (color, pH, total soluble solids, and total titratable acidity) were also monitored. Standard AOAC methods were applied in the nutritional value evaluation, while chromatographic methods with UV–vis and mass detection were used to analyze free forms of vitamins (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS), carotenoids (HPLC-DAD-APCI-MSn) and flavonoid compounds (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). Atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-AAS) was employed to characterize the mineral content of the leaves. As expected, pea leaves had a high water (91.5%) and low fat (0.3%) and carbohydrate (1.9%) contents, being a good source of dietary fiber (2.1%). Pea shoots showed a high content of vitamins C, E and A, potassium and phosphorous compared to other ready-to-eat green leafy vegetables. The carotenoid profile revealed a high content of β-carotene and lutein, typical from green leafy vegetables. The leaves had a mean flavonoid content of 329 mg/100 g of fresh product, mainly composed by glycosylated quercetin and kaempferol derivatives. Pea shoots kept their fresh appearance during the storage being color maintained throughout the shelf-life. The nutritional composition was in general stable during storage, showing some significant (p < 0.05) variation in certain water-soluble vitamins.

Targeting specific nutrient deficiencies in proteinrestricted diets: some practical facts in PKU dietary management

Among aminoacidopathies, phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most prevalent one. Early diagnosis in the neonatal period with a prompt nutritional therapy (low natural-protein and phenylalanine diet, supplemented with phenylalanine-free amino acid mixtures and special low-protein foods) remains the mainstay of the treatment. Data considering nutrient contents of cooked dishes is lacking. In this study, fourteen dishes specifically prepared for PKU individuals were analysed, regarding the lipid profile and iron and zinc contents. These dishes are poor sources of essential nutrients like Fe, Zn or n-3 fatty acids, reinforcing the need for adequate supplementation to cover individual patients’ needs. This study can contribute to a more accurate adjustment of PKU diets and supplementation in order to prevent eventual nutritional deficiencies. This study contributes to a better understanding of nutrient intake from PKU patients’ meals, showing the need for dietary supplementation.

Teor mineral e capacidade antioxidante em chás e infusões

Mestrado em Engenharia Química – Ramo Optimização Energética na Indústria Química

The role of lifelong learning (LLL) in the creation of a european knowledge- based society

This chapter appears in Encyclopaedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM edited by Torres-Coronas, T. and Arias-Oliva, M. Copyright 2009, IGI Global, www.igi-global.com. Posted by permission of the publisher. URL:http://www.igi-pub.com/reference/details.asp?id=7737

Fronteira e guerra civil de Espanha. Dominação, resistência e usos da memória em Barrancos

Tese de Doutoramento em Antropologia especialidade em Poder, Resistência e Movimentos Sociais

Quantum dots: synthesis, functionalization and bioconjugation for biological applications

Dissertation presented to obtain the Ph.D degree in Engineering Sciences and Technology

Crecimiento y mortalidad del cangrejo violáceo platyxanthus orbignyi en la zona costera de Lambayeque, Perú

El "cangrejo violáceo", Platyxanthus orbignyi, constituye un recurso marino de aceptación en el mercado y es explotado por los pescadores artesanales. Se realizaron muestreos quincenales, entre febrero 1988 y febrero 1989, utilizando trampas cangrejeras, en cuatro playas de Lambayeque, norte del Perú (San José, Pimentel, Santa Rosa y Eten), a fin de determinar los parámetros de crecimiento y las tasas de mortalidad total (Z) y natural (M). Se capturaron 3711 ejemplares. La talla varió entre 10 y 106 mm de ancho cefalotorácico (Ac). Los estados de muda presentes en la distribución polimodal de frecuencia de talla, fueron separados utilizando una modificación del método de BHATTACHARYA, obteniéndose el Ac de los diferentes estados de muda, que fueron ajustados por la Ley de DYAR. Se determinaron 12 estados de muda para los machos y 11 en las hembras; los incrementos fueron similares entre los estados de muda consecutivos, con un promedio de 8 mm en los machos y 7,7 mm en las hembras. Por muda, esta especie presenta un crecimiento de tipo aritmético y, al ajustar la ecuación de VON BERTALANFFY a la escalonada curva de crecimiento, se determinaron los parámetros de: Loo= 115,46; K = 0276; to = 0,104 en machos; y, Loo= 107,64; K = 0298; to = -0,118 en hembras. La tasa de mortalidad total (Z) se determinó por cinco metodologías cuyos resultados fueron concordantes variando entre 0,90 y 1,23 en machos y de 0,82 a 1,28 en hembras. La tasa de mortalidad natural (M),fue determinada por tres métodos bioanalógicos la cual fluctuó de 0,61 a 0,80 (machos) y de 0,73 a 1,02 (hembras).