1000 resultados para Pagesia -- Catalunya -- 1930-1936


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O dirigente associativo Manuel Ginestal Machado defendeu numa entrevista publicada no Jornal de Santarém, a 20 de Março de 1958, que “todos têm direito à cultura”. Esta afirmação decorria num projecto mais vasto, dinamizado entre as décadas de 30 e 50, na cidade de Santarém, por membros de um grupo social privilegiado que se empenharam na difusão cultural junto dos mais desfavorecidos da cidade, ao mesmo tempo que pretenderam contribuir para a construção da identidade da região do Ribatejo. Maioritariamente ligados ao associativismo, estes homens definiram um amplo projecto de coordenação cultural que constitui o objecto central do estudo de caso que esta tese realiza e na qual igualmente se abordou a história da importância das associações culturais e recreativas na dinâmica da cidade. Como unidades de observação estudaram-se casos significativos, como a organização do Grupo de Coordenação Cultural no pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, a fundação do Círculo Cultural Scalabitano e a tentativa de construir o “Palácio da Música”. Também se estudou o papel desenvolvido pelas mulheres, especialmente nas colectividades, numa sociedade controlada e controladora. Os interesses da vasta e heterogénea classe operária da cidade também mereceram um estudo específico a partir da análise do trabalho desenvolvido pela Sociedade Recreativa Operária. As cadeias de relacionamento cultural estabelecidas pela cidade com a região ribatejana, Lisboa e além fronteiras através da programação estabelecida com a delegação de Santarém da Alliance Française, também foram alvo de estudo. A tese pretende ser um contributo para alargar o conhecimento da história da cultura numa cidade de província, durante as décadas de 30 a 50.

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A new species of Calanoid copepod, Rhacodiaptomus besti,is described from material collected in the Igarapé São Pedro, Rio Jamari, State of Rondônia, and Lago Amanã, Rio Japurá, State of Amazonas, in Western Amazonia. A detailed morphological analysis of the species was undertaken in order to provide a basis for future studies on inter and intrageneric relationships.

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Cephalosphaera aurata sp. nov. é descrita, um "checklist" e uma chave de identificação para as espécies neotropicais são apresentados e novos dados de distribuição geográfica para C. miriamae Rafael, 1992 são fornecidos.

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O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir metodologicamente para a pesquisa no estudo das relações culturais na península ibérica, a partir do recurso a corpus elaborados com base na imprensa diária, o que denominamos corpus mediático. Ao longo das páginas seguintes, exporemos (i) em que medida entendemos o estudo primário da imprensa periódica da maior relevância investigadora para a análise das relações entre dois ou mais sistemas culturais e, do mesmo modo, (ii) como a elaboração de corpus deste género pode ser útil e fiável para a análise da(s) natureza(s) das relações objeto de estudo, principalmente através de técnicas de cômputo quantitativo.

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[Excerto] Na presente reflexão pretendemos sondar os objetivos que foram sendo propostos para o ensino secundário após o golpe militar de 28 de maio de 1926. A um primeiro momento, designado de Ditadura Militar, sucedeu a configuração do denominado Estado Novo, sendo este período pautado, no essencial, pela sistemática explicitação do modo como se constituiu a lapidar e necessária educação nacionalista, neste clima, o Liceu é concebido como o espaço de afirmação e de formação das elites do regime. Os princípios conservadores, totalitários e de estancamento da mobilidade social, foram expressos numa progressiva definição, cada vez mais radical, nos seus enunciados1. Para darmos conta desta trajetória, dividiremos a nossa reflexão em duas partes (...).

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En esta investigación nos abocaremos a la comprensión de la estructura y la dinámica del mercado de trabajo de la ciudad de Córdoba y al estudio de las condiciones laborales y de vida material de los trabajadores de la misma en el período 1914-1930, tratando de aprehender el "evasivo nexo" que vincula la experiencia de los individuos y las grandes estructuras y los amplios procesos registrados en una época, es decir, definir la interacción de las condiciones estructurales y las transformaciones mayores -económicas, políticas, mentales, ideológicas, etc.- en el contexto inmediato de la vida cotidiana de la gente común. (...) Hipótesis general En el transcurso del período considerado la economía cordobesa experimentó -aún con altibajos- un crecimiento económico importante pero sólo un limitado proceso de desarrollo social desde la perspectiva de la experiencia de los trabajadores en el campo laboral y del consumo de bienes materiales. Objetivos Generales: Con esta investigación pretendemos lograr un avance en el estudio de los trabajadores cordobeses en sus circunstancias cotidianas de la vida, apuntando en última instancia a la aprehensión de las conexiones existentes entre las grandes estructuras y los amplios procesos del período con la vida diaria de la gente común, es decir, la experiencia de ésta, considerando que no existe una confrontación entre las grandes permanencias y transformaciones y los actores sociales, sino que éstas y éstos forman parte de una misma realidad cuyos elementos interaccionan entre sí constantemente y de un modo complejo. Objetivos específicos: * Revelar la estructura y la dinámica del mercado laboral capitalino. * Abordar el estudio de los trabajadores en la ciudad de Córdoba como sujeto histórico. * Analizar las distintas modalidades de intervención del gobierno provincial en el mercado de trabajo. * Reconstruir la variedad de formas a través de las cuales los trabajadores dieron satisfacción a sus necesidades dietéticas, tratando de poner en evidencia la trama de factores económicos, sociales y culturales que subyacen a la realidad del consumo de alimentos.

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1) The first part deals with the different processes which may complicate Mendelian segregation and which may be classified into three groups, according to BRIEGER (1937b) : a) Instability of genes, b) Abnormal segregation due to distur- bances during the meiotic divisions, c) obscured segregation, after a perfectly normal meiosis, caused by elimination or during the gonophase (gametophyte in higher plants), or during zygophase (sporophyte). Without entering into detail, it is emphasized that all the above mentioned complications in the segregation of some genes may be caused by the action of other genes. Thus in maize, the instability of the Al factor is observed only when the gene dt is presente in the homozygous conditions (RHOADES 1938). In another case, still under observation in Piracicaba, an instability is observed in Mirabilis with regard to two pairs of alleles both controlling flower color. Several cases are known, especially in corn, where recessive genes, when homozigous, affect the course of meiosis, causing asynapsis (asyndesis) (BEADLE AND MC CLINTOCK 1928, BEADLE 1930), sticky chromosomes (BEADLE 1932), supermunmerary divisions (BEADLE 1931). The most extreme case of an obscured segregatiou is represented by the action of the S factors in self stetrile plants. An additional proof of EAST AND MANGELSDORF (1925) genetic formula of self sterility has been contributed by the studies on Jinked factors in Nicotina (BRIEGER AND MANGELSDORF (1926) and Antirrhinum (BRIEGER 1930, 1935), In cases of a incomplete competition and selection between pollen tubes, studies of linked indicator-genes are indispensable in the genetic analysis, since it is impossible to analyse the factors for gametophyte competition by direct aproach. 2) The flower structure of corn is explained, and stated that the particularites of floral biology make maize an excellent object for the study of gametophyte factors. Since only one pollen tube per ovule may accomplish fertilization, the competition is always extremely strong, as compared with other species possessing multi-ovulate ovaries. The lenght of the silk permitts the study of pollen tube competitions over a varying distance. Finally the genetic analysis of grains characters (endosperm and aleoron) simpliflen the experimental work considerably, by allowing the accumulation of large numbers for statistical treatment. 3) The four methods for analyzing the naturing of pollen tube competition are discussed, following BRIEGER (1930). Of these the first three are: a) polinization with a small number of pollen grains, b) polinization at different times and c) cut- ting the style after the faster tubes have passe dand before the slower tubes have reached the point where the stigma will be cut. d) The fourth method, alteration of the distatice over which competition takes place, has been applied largely in corn. The basic conceptions underlying this process, are illustrated in Fig. 3. While BRINK (1925) and MANGELSDORF (1929) applied pollen at different levels on the silks, the remaining authors (JONES, 1922, MANGELSDORF 1929, BRIEGER, at al. 1938) have used a different process. The pollen was applied as usual, after removing the main part of the silks, but the ears were divided transversally into halves or quarters before counting. The experiments showed generally an increase in the intensity of competition when there was increase of the distance over which they had to travel. Only MANGELSDORF found an interesting exception. When the distance became extreme, the initially slower tubes seemed to become finally the faster ones. 4) Methods of genetic and statistical analysis are discussed, following chiefly BRIEGER (1937a and 1937b). A formula is given to determine the intensity of ellimination in three point experiments. 5) The few facts are cited which give some indication about the physiological mechanism of gametophyte competition. They are four in number a) the growth rate depends-only on the action of gametophyte factors; b) there is an interaction between the conductive tissue of the stigma or style and the pollen tubes, mainly in self-sterile plants; c) after self-pollination necrosis starts in the tissue of the stigma, in some orchids after F. MÜLLER (1867); d) in pollon mixtures there is an inhibitory interaction between two types of pollen and the female tissue; Gossypium according to BALLS (1911), KEARNEY 1923, 1928, KEARNEY AND HARRISON (1924). A more complete discussion is found in BRIEGER 1930). 6) A list of the gametophyte factors so far localized in corn is given. CHROMOSOME IV Ga 1 : MANGELSDORF AND JONES (1925), EMERSON 1934). Ga 4 : BRIEGER (1945b). Sp 1 : MANGELSDORF (1931), SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF (1940), BRIEGER (1945a). CHROMOSOME V Ga 2 : BRIEGER (1937a). CHROMOSOME VI BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938) found indications of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of yellow endosperm y1. CHROMOSOME IX Ga 3 : BRIEGER, TIDBURY AND TSENG (1938). While the competition in these six cases is essentially determined by one pair of factors, the degree of elimination may be variable, as shown for Ga2 (BRIEGER, 1937), for Ga4 (BRIEGER 1945a) and for Spl (SINGLETON AND MANGELSDORF 1940, BRIEGER 1945b). The action of a gametophyte factor altering the segregation of waxy (perhaps Ga3) is increased by the presence of the sul factor which thus acts as a modifier (BRINCK AND BURNHAM 1927). A polyfactorial case of gametophyte competition has been found by JONES (1922) and analysed by DEMEREC (1929) in rice pop corn which rejects the pollen tubes of other types of corn. Preference for selfing or for brothers-sister mating and partial elimination of other pollen tubes has been described by BRIEGER (1936). 7) HARLAND'S (1943) very ingenious idea is discussed to use pollen tube factors in applied genetics in order to build up an obstacle to natural crossing as a consequence of the rapid pollen tube growth after selfing. Unfortunately, HARLAND could not obtain the experimental proof of the praticability of his idea, during his experiments on selection for minor modifiers for pollen tube grouth in cotton. In maize it should be possible to employ gametophyte factors to build up lines with preference for crossing, though the method should hardly be of any practical advantage.

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This paper deals with one genus and three species of dorylaimid nematodes found inhabiting soil in Brazil, as follows: Eudorylaimus ibiti Lordello, 1965. Closely resembling E. ibiti are E. humilis (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, E. diadematus (Cobb, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, and E. santosi (Meyl, 1957) Andrássy, 1959. it differs from E. humilis in the following aspects: a) longer and thicker body (1,126.0-1,520.8: 1,000 microns; a=21.0-26.0 : a= 31); b) less prominent lips; and, c) tail terminus decidedly acute; differs from E. diadematus in having: a) less prominent lips; b) posterior region of body ventrally concave; and, c) a different organization in the walls of the pre-rectum; differs from E. santosi in having: a) longer body (1,126.0-1,520.8 : 900-1,000 microns); b) spear with undiscernible aperture; c) a different organization in the guiding-ring of spear; and, d) caudal papillae closer together and located in front of the middle of the tail. Mesodorylaymus pizai Lordello, 1965. M. pizai most closely resembling species is M. mesonyctius (Kreis, 1930) Andrássy, 1959, from which it differs in having: a) lip region amalgamated, continuous with neck contour (lateral view); b) males with 11-12 supplements; and, c) females with longitudinal vulva. Metaporcelaimus Lordello, 1965. This genus differs from Aporcelaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936, in having oesophagus made up of three regions, a cardia like structure being seen between the posterior and middle parts. Type species: M.mombucae Lordello, 1965.