Os saberes geográgicos construídos por alunos da Escola José Rufino: uma pesquisa etnográfica dialogando com os saberes do senso comum e os saberes científicos numa perspectiva de inovação pedagógica

Este estudo tem como objetivo geral investigar: De que forma os saberes construídos por alunos dialogando com os saberes do senso comum e os saberes científicos contribuem para aprendizagem significativa numa perspectiva de inovação pedagógica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cariz etnográfica, por se adentrar no estudo permitindo o diagnóstico da realidade profunda. A pesquisa de campo realizou-se no lócus da pesquisa com a imersão da investigadora nesse ambiente durante nove meses. Foram utilizados diversos instrumentos da pesquisa tais como: observação participante que deu luz ao diário etnográfico no qual a investigadora fez os registros observados no campo, num diálogo e questionamentos constantes com os sujeitos, como também a entrevista e questionários individuais e em grupo com os educandos do 7º Ano A da Escola Municipal José Rufino e com a professora de geografia da referida turma na perspectiva da coleta dos dados que deram base às análises. As conclusões desta investigação apontam para inovação pedagógica na prática da professora de geografia, a mesma sem materiais de apoio apropriados, com poucos recursos didáticos, com a estrutura da sala de aula e da escola a desejar possibilita ambientes de aprendizagens diferentes onde seus alunos constroem aprendizagens significativas partindo dos conhecimentos do senso comum de forma coletiva, participativa envolvendo as outras ciências com pouco ensino e muita aprendizagem dentro e fora da sala de aula.

El sentido estético de la vida en los ensayos de Ortega

Em resumo, trata-se da apreciação crítica da publicação de um conjunto de ensaios de Ortega introduzidos e editados por Ricardo Araújo, sob o título "A Beleza foi feita para ser roubada" (Brasília: Editora UnB, 2014).

The role of coronial autopsies in a context of decreasing hospital autopsies: An investigation of the issues

This article scrutinises the argument that decreasing hospital autopsy rates are outside the control of medical personnel, based as they are on families’ unwillingness to consent to autopsy procedures, and that, as a consequence, the coronial autopsy is the appropriate alternative to the important medical and educational role of the autopsy. It makes three points which are well supported by the research. First, that while hospital autopsy rates are decreasing, they have been doing so for more than 60 years, and issues beyond the simple notion of consent, like funding formulae in hospitals, increased technology and fear of litigation by doctors are all playing their part in this decline. Secondly, the issue of consent has as much to do with families not being approached as with families declining to give consent. This is well supported by recent changes in hospital policy and procedures which include senior medical personnel and detailed consent forms, both of which have been linked to rising consent rates in recent years. Finally, the perception that coronial autopsies are beyond familial consent has been challenged recently by legislative changes in both Australia and the United States of America which allow objections based on religion and culture to be heard by coroners. For these reasons, it is argued that medical personnel need to focus on increasing hospital autopsy rates, while also addressing the complex ethical issues associated with conducting medical research within the context of the coronial autopsy.

Measuring global economic interdependence : a hierarchical network approach

This paper investigates the business cycle co-movement across countries and regions since 1950 as a measure for quantifying the economic interdependence in the ongoing globalisation process. Our methodological approach is based on analysis of a correlation matrix and the networks it contains. Such an approach summarises the interaction and interdependence of all elements, and it represents a more accurate measure of the global interdependence involved in an economic system. Our results show (1) the dynamics of interdependence has been driven more by synchronisation in regional growth patterns than by the synchronisation of the world economy, and (2) world crisis periods dramatically increase the global co-movement in the world economy.

Association study of genes related to bone formation and resorption and the extent of radiographic change in ankylosing spondylitis

Objective: To identify genetic associations with severity of radiographic damage in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method: We studied 1537 AS cases of European descent; all fulfilled the modified New York Criteria. Radiographic severity was assessed from digitised lateral radiographs of the cervical and lumbar spine using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). A two-phase genotyping design was used. In phase 1, 498 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 688 cases; these were selected to capture >90% of the common haplotypic variation in the exons, exon-intron boundaries, and 5 kb flanking DNA in the 5' and 3' UTR of 74 genes involved in anabolic or catabolic bone pathways. In phase 2, 15 SNPs exhibiting p<0.05 were genotyped in a further cohort of 830 AS cases; results were analysed both separately and in combination with the discovery phase data. Association was tested by contingency tables after separating the samples into 'mild' and 'severe' groups, defined as the bottom and top 40% by mSASSS, adjusted for gender and disease duration. Results: Experiment-wise association was observed with the SNP rs8092336 (combined OR 0.32, p=1.2×10-5), which lies within RANK (receptor activator of NF?B), a gene involved in osteoclastogenesis, and in the interaction between T cells and dendritic cells. Association was also found with the SNP rs1236913 in PTGS1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1, cyclooxygenase 1), giving an OR of 0.53 (p=2.6×10-3). There was no observed association between radiographic severity and HLA-B*27. Conclusions: These findings support roles for bone resorption and prostaglandins pathways in the osteoproliferative changes in AS.

Interaction between ERAP1 and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis implicates peptide handling in the mechanism for HLA-B27 in disease susceptibility

Ankylosing spondylitis is a common form of inflammatory arthritis predominantly affecting the spine and pelvis that occurs in approximately 5 out of 1,000 adults of European descent. Here we report the identification of three variants in the RUNX3, LTBR-TNFRSF1A and IL12B regions convincingly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (P < 5 × 10-8 in the combined discovery and replication datasets) and a further four loci at PTGER4, TBKBP1, ANTXR2 and CARD9 that show strong association across all our datasets (P < 5 × 10-6 overall, with support in each of the three datasets studied). We also show that polymorphisms of ERAP1, which encodes an endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase involved in peptide trimming before HLA class I presentation, only affect ankylosing spondylitis risk in HLA-B27-positive individuals. These findings provide strong evidence that HLA-B27 operates in ankylosing spondylitis through a mechanism involving aberrant processing of antigenic peptides.

Smooth stabilisation of nonholonomic robots subject to disturbances

In this paper, we address the problem of stabilisation of robots subject to nonholonommic constraints and external disturbances using port-Hamiltonian theory and smooth time-invariant control laws. This should be contrasted with the commonly used switched or time-varying laws. We propose a control design that provides asymptotic stability of an manifold (also called relative equilibria)-due to the Brockett condition this is the only type of stabilisation possible using smooth time-invariant control laws. The equilibrium manifold can be shaped to certain extent to satisfy specific control objectives. The proposed control law also incorporates integral action, and thus the closed-loop system is robust to unknown constant disturbances. A key step in the proposed design is a change of coordinates not only in the momentum, but also in the position vector, which differs from coordinate transformations previously proposed in the literature for the control of nonholonomic systems. The theoretical properties of the control law are verified via numerical simulation based on a robotic ground vehicle model with differential traction wheels and non co-axial centre of mass and point of contact.

Level of contribution of intrinsic risk factors to the management of patients with plantar heel pain

Introduction: Injuries in the lower extremity are considered to have multifactorial causes, whilst people with heel pain represent the most frequent cause of visits to health professionals. Managing these patients can be very difficult. The purpose of this research is to identify key variables which can influence foot health in patients with heel pain. Materials and method: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out with a sample of sixty-two participants recruited from the Educational Welfare Unit of the University of Malaga. The therapists, blinded for the study, fill in the data with anthropometric information and the FPI, while participants fill in the foot health status questionnaire, FHSQ. The most significant results reveal that there is a moderate relation between the clinical variables and the FHSQ commands. The most significant contribution is the BMI in the foot health status questionnaire. Conclusion: The variables which can help manage clinical subjects with heel pain are age, BMI, footwear and FPI (left foot).

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DIRECT SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE RECEIVER DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING

This paper establishes the design requirements for the development and testing of direct supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) solar receivers. Current design considerations are based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). Section I (BPVC) considers typical boilers/superheaters (i.e. fired pressure vessels) which work under a constant low heat flux. Section VIII (BPVC) considers pressure vessels with operating pressures above 15 psig 2 bar] (i.e. unfired pressure vessels). Section III, Division I - Subsection NH (BPVC) considers a more detailed stress calculation, compared to Section I and Section VIII, and requires a creep-fatigue analysis. The main drawback from using the BPVC exclusively is the large safety requirements developed for nuclear power applications. As a result, a new set of requirements is needed to perform detailed thermal-structural analyses of solar thermal receivers subjected to a spatially-varying, high-intensity heat flux. The last design requirements document of this kind was an interim Sandia report developed in 1979 (SAND79-8183), but it only addresses some of the technical challenges in early-stage steam and molten-salt solar receivers but not the use of sCO2 receivers. This paper presents a combination of the ASME BPVC and ASME B31.1 Code modified appropriately to achieve the reliability requirements in sCO(2) solar power systems. There are five main categories in this requirements document: Operation and Safety, Materials and Manufacturing, Instrumentation, Maintenance and Environmental, and General requirements. This paper also includes the modeling guidelines and input parameters required in computational fluid dynamics and structural analyses utilizing ANSYS Fluent, ANSYS Mechanical, and nCode Design Life. The main purpose of this document is to serve as a reference and guideline for design and testing requirements, as well as to address the technical challenges and provide initial parameters for the computational models that will be employed for the development of sCO(2) receivers.

COUPLED OPTICAL-THERMAL-FLUID MODELING OF A DIRECTLY HEATED TUBULAR SOLAR RECEIVER FOR SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON CYCLE

Recent studies have evaluated closed-loop supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) Brayton cycles to be a higher energy density system in comparison to conventional superheated steam Rankine systems. At turbine inlet conditions of 923K and 25 MPa, high thermal efficiency (similar to 50%) can be achieved. Achieving these high efficiencies will make concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies a competitive alternative to current power generation methods. To incorporate a s-CO2 Brayton power cycle in a solar power tower system, the development of a solar receiver capable of providing an outlet temperature of 923 K (at 25 MPa) is necessary. The s-CO2 will need to increase in temperature by similar to 200 K as it passes through the solar receiver to satisfy the temperature requirements of a s-CO2 Brayton cycle with recuperation and recompression. In this study, an optical-thermal-fluid model was developed to design and evaluate a tubular receiver that will receive a heat input similar to 2 MWth from a heliostat field. The ray-tracing tool SolTrace was used to obtain the heat-flux distribution on the surfaces of the receiver. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling using the Discrete Ordinates (DO) radiation model was used to predict the temperature distribution and the resulting receiver efficiency. The effect of flow parameters, receiver geometry and radiation absorption by s-CO2 were studied. The receiver surface temperatures were found to be within the safe operational limit while exhibiting a receiver efficiency of similar to 85%.

Utilización de la resina de neem (Azadirachta indica) como desparasitante externo en el tratamiento del tórsalo (Dermatobia hominis) en bovinos del municipio de Muy Muy, departamento de Matagalpa

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la utilización de la Resina de Neem (Azadirachta indica)como desparasitante externo en el tratamiento del tórsalo (Dermatobia hominis)en bovinos del Municipio de Muy Muy, Departamento de Matagalpa. El Municipio de Muy Muy esta ubicado en las Coordenadas 12º45'48" de latitud Norte con 85° 37' 36" de Longitud Oeste, con una altura sobre el nivel del mar de 337.6 metros, una precipitación promedio entre 1400-1800 mm, con una temperatura promedio 24°C., La topografía del terreno en que se ubica el Municipio de MUY MUY, presenta las siguientes características: 32.1% Terrenos Plano, 41.0% Terrenos Ondulados y 26.9% Terrenos Quebrados. Y los tipos de suelos son arcillosos y rocosos. En el trabajo experimental se utilizó un diseño completamen te al azar (D.C.A) el que estuvo compuesto por un lote de 18 animales divididos en 3 grupos, cada grupo formado por 6 animales seleccionadas al azar y sometidas a tratamientos distintos Tratamiento I: Ivermectina al 1%, Tratamiento II: Resina del Neem al 5%. Tratamiento III: Resina de Neem al 10%. Para evaluar la efectividad de los distintos tratamientos se hizo conteos periódicos de tórsalos cada siete días, cuantificando la cantidad de nódulos por animal y región anatómica a los 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 días. La efectividad de todos los tratamientos se observó a partir de los 21 días después de la aplicación. Los tratamientos II y I tuvieron las mejores respuestas en el control, del tórsalo, con un porcentaje de efectividad del 91.6%, y 72.7% respectivamente y con un 62.5% para el tratamiento III. El área anatómica mas afectada fue la del miembro anterior derecho seguido del lateral derecho. Según el análisis del costo de la dosis, se puede decir que la resina de Neem es un desparasita nte económico para los productores.

Utilización de propolina en el control de la mastitis bovina en fincas del municipio de Muy Muy, departamento de Matagalpa

El estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la utilización de propolina en el control de la mastitis bovina en el Municipio de Muy Muy, Departamento de Matagalpa. El Municipio de Muy Muy esta localizado geográficamente a los 12º 45' 48" latitud Norte y 85° 37' 36" Longitud Oeste, a una altitud de 337.6 msnm, con una precipitación anual entre 1400-1800 mm y temperatura promedio de 24°C. La topografía del municipio presenta las siguientes características: 32.1% terrenos plano, 41.0% terrenos ondulados y 26.9% terrenos quebrados. Y con suelos arcillosos y rocosos. 36 animales fuerón utilizados en un diseño completamente al azar (D.C.A) distribuido al eatoriam ente en tres tratamientos. Tratamiento I: Tratamiento testigo (oxitetraciclina), Tratamiento II: Solución al .1.5% de propolina. Tratamiento III: Solución al3% de propolina. Se encontró una prevalencia de mastitis en el hato de 17.46 %, (13.53 % de mastitis subclínica y 4.80 % de mastitis clínica), y el 82.54 %, resultó negativa, el cuarto más afectado fue el Anterior derecho (AD) con 10.04 % de reacción positiva. El tratamiento II alcanza una efectividad del 100 % a los 21 días y el tratamiento I a los 35 días. A través del análisis de costos, se determinó, que es económicamente factible la utilización de la propolina en el control de la mastitis.

Evaluación de diferentes prácticas culturales en soya (Glycine max (L.) Merr) y ajonjolí (Sesamum indicum L) y su efecto sobre la cenosis de las malezas

Se realizó un estudio de sistemas de labranzas, rotación de cultivos (las tres rotaciones) y métodos de control de malezas (tres controles) en el cultivo de soya (Glycine max (L.)Merr) variedad cristalina y ajonjolí (Sesamum indicum L.) variedad china roja en la Hacienda Las Mercedes, Managua-Nicaragua, con los objetivos de evaluar el efecto de dos sistemas de labranza, tres rotaciones de cultivos y tres métodos de control de malezas sobre el comportamiento de las malezas en el crecimiento, desarrollo y rendimiento del cultivo de soya (sembrada a dos espacimientos 40-60 cm) y crecimiento y desarrollo del cultivo de ajonjolí (60 cm). La siembra se realizó el 27 de Agosto de 1992 utilizando un arreglo trifactorial en bloques al azar con 6 repeticiones en arreglo de parcelas sub-divididas. Los menores valores de abundancia de malezas se registraron en labranza convencional con un promedio de 65.6 ind/m2, en la soya sembrada a 40 cm con maíz como cultivo antecesor con un promedio de 57.6 ind/m2 y el control limpia periódica con 35.4 ind/m2. Las menores biomasas y coberturas se reflejan en labranza convencional en la soya 40 cm con maíz como cultivo antecesor y para el control limpia periódica. En la diversidad de malezas los valores reflejados fueron similares tanto en los sistemas de labranza, cultivos antecesores y métodos de control de malezas. Los mayores rendimientos del cultivo de soya fueron obtenidos en la labranza convencional con un promedio de 437.8 kg/ha, cuando el cultivo antecesor fue maíz y la soya sembrada a 40 cm entre hileras con un promedio de 457.2 kg/ha y en el control limpias periódicas con 506.2 kg/ha.