Exigências ambientais europeias: novos desafios competitivos para o complexo eletrônico brasileiro

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the implications of the european environmental requirements for electronic equipment on brazilian electronic industry sector. These deter-minations deal with elimination of hazardous substances and management of electronic products waste and have reached not only the electronic sector companies in international level, but brazilian electronic sector as well. Most brazilian companies of the electronic sector are getting complied with the requirement that restricts the use of hazardous substances. The main consequences of this process are technological innovations and changes on contractual relationships among companies. Foreign companies branches are more advanced than local ones in terms of timing of compliance to the new requirements and technological perfor-mance, showing an alignment with headquarter strategies. Not being complied with these requirements avoid companies to achieve commercial benefits and open space for questions about policies Brazil must take.

Aplicação de um método ergonômico em área de convívio em um campus universitário

The study presents the application of an ergonomic method based on graphical mesh, created to analyze the attributes of public open space and that influence on their usability. It was based on DePAN method, created to classify the service level offered by niches present in open relationship spaces. However, this method adopted Geographical Information System (GIS ) to make maps that represent the space attributes. This study proposed an adaptation of this method, which replaces GIS by AutoCAD software to generate maps . The goal is to test the feasibility and efficiency of producing maps in AutoCAD software to represent the service niches level. An relashionship area on a college campus for data collecting in graphical meshes and maps confection. By applying the graphical mesh the attributes of that space were evaluated to help promote people permanence on site. Although the process through AutoCAD seems to be harder by being mechanical it guarantees a satisfactory result for analysis, resembling images generated by GIS. Therefore, it is concluded that it’s possible to represent graphically the riches service level.

Habitat structure and food resources for wildlife across successional stages in a tropical forest

Tropical forests are experiencing an increase in the proportion of secondary forests as a result of the balance between the widespread harvesting of old-growth forests and the regeneration in abandoned areas. The impacts of such a process on biodiversity are poorly known and intensely debated. Recent reviews and multi-taxa studies indicate that species replacement in wildlife assemblages is a consistent pattern, sometimes stronger than changes in diversity, with a replacement from habitat generalists to old-growth specialists being commonly observed during tropical forest regeneration. However, the ecological drivers of such compositional changes are rarely investigated, despite its importance in assessing the conservation value of secondary forests, and to support and guide management techniques for restoration. By sampling 28 sites in a continuous Atlantic forest area in Southeastern Brazil, we assessed how important aspects of habitat structure and food resources for wildlife change across successional stages, and point out hypotheses on the implications of these changes for wildlife recovery. Old-growth areas presented a more complex structure at ground level (deeper leaf litter, and higher woody debris volume) and higher fruit availability from an understorey palm, whereas vegetation connectivity, ground-dwelling arthropod biomass, and total fruit availability were higher in earlier successional stages. From these results we hypothetize that generalist species adapted to fast population growth in resource-rich environments should proliferate and dominate earlier successional stages, while species with higher competitive ability in resource-limited environments, or those that depend on resources such as palm fruits, on higher complexity at the ground level, or on open space for flying, should dominate older-growth forests. Since the identification of the drivers of wildlife recovery is crucial for restoration strategies, it is important that future work test and further develop the proposed hypotheses. We also found structural and functional differences between old-growth forests and secondary forests with more than 80 years of regeneration, suggesting that restoration strategies may be crucial to recover structural and functional aspects expected to be important for wildlife in much altered ecosystems, such as the Brazilian Atlantic forest. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Un nuovo polo culturale per la città. Riqualificazione energetico-funzionale dell'ex deposito ATR a Forlì

Oggetto di questa tesi di laurea è la riqualificazione funzionale ed energetica di un'autorimessa per corriere costruita a Forlì nel 1935 dal geom. Alberto Flamigni e di proprietà dell' ATR, Agenzia per la Mobilità della provincia di Forlì-Cesena. Al deposito per corriere sono annessi dei piccoli capanni adibiti a magazzini ed una palazzina per uffici costruita negli anni '50, non facente parte del progetto originale. Oggi l'intero complesso risulta in disuso e la richiesta espressa dall'Amministrazione Comunale di Forlì è quella di adattare il comparto per ospitare funzioni musicali, d'intrattenimento e cultura, pensando anche ad un collegamento col manufatto storico dell'Arena Forlivese; quest'ultima, costruita negli anni '20, è situata ai margini del lotto in esame, risulta di proprietà privata ed oggi versa in condizioni di grave degrado. Uno dei fini del progetto, sul filo conduttore delle richieste dell'Amministrazione, è quello di mantenere l'involucro originale dell'edificio, su cui grava anche un vincolo storico, essendo stato progettato durante il periodo fascista ed avendo forti richiami alle soluzioni architettoniche adottate da Marcello Piacentini. Si è quindi deciso di lavorare al suo interno, al fine di creare dei nuclei indipendenti che ospitano le nuove funzioni di auditorium, mediateca, spazio espositivo, sale prova, camerini, mantenendo invece intatto il perimetro in mattoni facciavista con basamento in travertino. Il fronte esposto a sud, essendo stato originariamente pensato come mero elemento di chiusura, senza basamento e sistema di rivestimento ma semplicemente intonacato, si distacca dal resto dell'involucro ed è stato perciò oggetto di maggiori modifiche, in relazione anche al nuovo orientamento d'ingresso pensato per il comparto: l'Amministrazione Comunale ha infatti espresso il desiderio di modificare il percorso di accesso all'edificio, dal fronte nord su piazza Savonarola al fronte ovest su via Ugo Bassi. Il progetto ha adottato un approccio integrato dal punto di vista formale e costruttivo, ponendo particolare attenzione al rispetto e alla valorizzazione della struttura esistente: uno dei punti forti dell'ex deposito è infatti la sua copertura in travi reticolari in c.a. con shed vetrati orientati a nord. Tale sistema di copertura è stato mantenuto per favorire l'illuminazione degli spazi interni, isolato termicamente ed integrato con dei pannelli diffusori che garantiscono una luce uniforme e ben distribuita. Dal punto di vista funzionale e distributivo il progetto ha risposto a criteri di massima flessibilità e fruibilità degli ambienti interni, assecondando le esigenze dell'utenza. Mantenendo la finalità del minimo intervento sull'involucro esistente, nel piano terra si è adottata una tipologia di ambienti open space che delimitano il doppio volume dello spazio espositivo, pensato come un semplice e neutro contenitore, allestibile in base al tipo di mostra ed alla volontà degli organizzatori. Particolare attenzione è stata rivolta alla scelta della tipologia costruttiva per l'auditorium ed i volumi adibiti a sale prova, camerini e depositi, adottando elementi prefabbricati in legno assemblati a secco. Si sono studiati anche i sistemi impiantistici al fine di garantire un elevato livello di comfort interno e nel contempo un considerevole risparmio dal punto di vista energetico. Durante le varie fasi di avanzamento e messa a punto del progetto è stata posta grande attenzione all'aspetto acustico, dalla scelta della forma della sala al trattamento superficiale per garantire un'ottima resa prestazionale, parametro imprescindibile nella progettazione di un adeguato spazio musicale. Altro elemento preso in considerazione a scala locale e urbana è stato quello della sistemazione del cortile a sud, oggi asfaltato ed utilizzato come semplice parcheggio di autobus, al fine di trasformarlo in parco pubblico fruibile dagli utenti del complesso culturale e nel contempo elemento di connessione con l'Arena, tramite un nuovo sistema di orientamenti e percorsi.

Le Havre. Forme e caratteri dello spazio urbano nel progetto di Auguste Perret

Oggetto del presente studio è il progetto di ricostruzione del centro urbano di Le Havre ad opera di Auguste Perret. Suo obiettivo è il riconoscimento di quell’idea di città posta a fondamento del progetto, per il quale ci si propone di indagare il senso e le grammatiche costitutive della sua forma. Quella di Le Havre costituisce una dimostrazione di come una forma urbana ancora compatta ed evocativa della città storica possa definirsi a partire dalle relazioni stabilite con gli elementi della geografia fisica. Nei suoi luoghi collettivi e monumentali, che rimandano chiaramente a una cultura dell’abitare che affonda le proprie radici nella più generale esperienza della costruzione della città francese, la città riconosce un valore formale e sceglie di rappresentare il proprio mondo civico dinanzi a quei grandi elementi della geografia fisica che costituiscono l’identità del luogo nel quale questa si colloca. Sembra infatti possibile affermare che gli spazi pubblici della città atlantica riconoscano e traducano nella forma della Place de l’Hôtel de Ville le ripide pendici della falesia del Bec-de-Caux, in quella della Porte Océane l’orizzonte lontano dell’Oceano, e nel Front-de-mer Sud l’altra riva dell’estuario della Senna. Questa relazione fondativa sembra essere conseguita anche attraverso la definizione di un’appropriata grammatica dello spazio urbano, la cui significatività è nel fondarsi sull’assunzione, allo stesso tempo, del valore dello spazio circoscritto e del valore dello spazio aperto. La riflessione sullo spazio urbano investe anche la costruzione dell’isolato, sottoposto a una necessaria rifondazione di forma e significato, allo scopo di rendere intellegibile le relazioni tra gli spazi finiti della città e quelli infiniti della natura. La definizione dell’identità dello spazio urbano, sembra fondarsi, in ultima analisi, sulle possibilità espressive delle forme della costruzione che, connotate come forme dell’architettura, definiscono il carattere dei tipi edilizi e dello spazio da questi costruito.

Evaluation of respiratory parameters at presentation as clinical indicators of the respiratory localization in dogs and cats with respiratory distress

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical respiratory parameters in cats and dogs with respiratory distress and identify associations between respiratory signs at presentation and localization of the disease with particular evaluation between the synchrony of abdominal and chest wall movements as a clinical indicators for pleural space disease. Design - Prospective observational clinical study. SETTING: Emergency service in a university veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Cats and dogs with respiratory distress presented to the emergency service between April 2008 and July 2009. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The following parameters were systematically determined at time of admission: respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature, type of breathing, movement of the thoracic and abdominal wall during inspiration, presence of stridor, presence and type of dyspnea, and results of thoracic auscultation. Abdominal and chest wall movement was categorized as synchronous, asynchronous, or inverse. Diagnostic test results, diagnosis, and outcome were subsequently recorded. Based on the final diagnoses, animals were assigned to 1 or more of the following groups regarding the anatomical localization of the respiratory distress: upper airways, lower airways, lung parenchyma, pleural space, thoracic wall, nonrespiratory causes, and normal animals. One hundred and seventy-six animals (103 cats and 73 dogs) were evaluated. Inspiratory dyspnea was associated with upper airway disease in dogs and expiratory dyspnea with lower airway disease in cats. Respiratory noises were significantly associated and highly sensitive and specific for upper airway disease. An asynchronous or inverse breathing pattern and decreased lung auscultation results were significantly associated with pleural space disease in both dogs and cats (P<0.001). The combination is highly sensitive (99%) but not very specific (45%). Fast and shallow breathing was not associated with pleural space disease. Increased or moist pulmonary auscultation findings were associated with parenchymal lung disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cats and dogs with pleural space disease can be identified by an asynchronous or inverse breathing pattern in combination with decreased lung sounds on auscultation.

Antinociceptive efficacy and plasma concentrations of transdermal buprenorphine in dogs

To assess the antinociceptive efficacy of transdermal (TD) buprenorphine (B) in dogs, a prospective, positive-controlled experimental study was performed in 10 healthy Beagles. In an open label crossover design, the dogs initially received intravenous B (IVB, 0.02 mg kg(-1)) as a positive control, followed by TDB (52.5 mug h(-1)) 4 months later. Blood was collected at regular intervals for determination of the plasma concentrations of B ([B]) and its metabolite norbuprenorphine. The antinociceptive efficacy was assessed using thermal and mechanical models of nociception. The peak concentration [B] was 1.54 ng mL(-1) (+/-1.98) 60 h after TDB application, although three dogs had no measurable [B] after TDB. Maximum thermal threshold (TT) was 52.6 degrees C (+/-0.48) at 1h after IVB administration and 51.63 degrees C (+/-1.01) 72 h after TDB application. The significant increase in TT indicated that effective antinociception was achieved beyond 36 h after the application of TDB, lasting until patch removal. There was hysteresis between [B] and the antinociceptive effect.

USING PROBABILISTIC GRAPHICAL MODELS TO DRAW INFERENCES IN SENSOR NETWORKS WITH TRACKING APPLICATIONS

Sensor networks have been an active research area in the past decade due to the variety of their applications. Many research studies have been conducted to solve the problems underlying the middleware services of sensor networks, such as self-deployment, self-localization, and synchronization. With the provided middleware services, sensor networks have grown into a mature technology to be used as a detection and surveillance paradigm for many real-world applications. The individual sensors are small in size. Thus, they can be deployed in areas with limited space to make unobstructed measurements in locations where the traditional centralized systems would have trouble to reach. However, there are a few physical limitations to sensor networks, which can prevent sensors from performing at their maximum potential. Individual sensors have limited power supply, the wireless band can get very cluttered when multiple sensors try to transmit at the same time. Furthermore, the individual sensors have limited communication range, so the network may not have a 1-hop communication topology and routing can be a problem in many cases. Carefully designed algorithms can alleviate the physical limitations of sensor networks, and allow them to be utilized to their full potential. Graphical models are an intuitive choice for designing sensor network algorithms. This thesis focuses on a classic application in sensor networks, detecting and tracking of targets. It develops feasible inference techniques for sensor networks using statistical graphical model inference, binary sensor detection, events isolation and dynamic clustering. The main strategy is to use only binary data for rough global inferences, and then dynamically form small scale clusters around the target for detailed computations. This framework is then extended to network topology manipulation, so that the framework developed can be applied to tracking in different network topology settings. Finally the system was tested in both simulation and real-world environments. The simulations were performed on various network topologies, from regularly distributed networks to randomly distributed networks. The results show that the algorithm performs well in randomly distributed networks, and hence requires minimum deployment effort. The experiments were carried out in both corridor and open space settings. A in-home falling detection system was simulated with real-world settings, it was setup with 30 bumblebee radars and 30 ultrasonic sensors driven by TI EZ430-RF2500 boards scanning a typical 800 sqft apartment. Bumblebee radars are calibrated to detect the falling of human body, and the two-tier tracking algorithm is used on the ultrasonic sensors to track the location of the elderly people.

Razor Thin Win: The 1972 Constitution Ballot, Campaign, Ratification & the Courts -- Mae Nan (Robinson) Ellingson & Mick McKeon “In the Crucible of Change”

Beyond the challenge of crafting a new state Constitution that empowered the people and modernized and opened up state and local government in Montana, the Constitutional Convention delegates, as they signed the final document, looked forward to the arduous task of getting it ratified by the electorate in a short ten week period between the end of the convention on March 24 and the ratification election of June 6, 1972. While all 100 delegates signed the draft Constitution, not all supported its adoption. But the planning about how to get it adopted went back to the actions of the Convention itself, which carefully crafted a ballot that kept “hot political issues” from potentially killing the entire document at the polls. As a result, three side issues were presented to the electorate on the ballot. People could vote for or against those side issues and still vote to ratify the entire document. Thus, the questions of legalizing gambling, having a unicameral legislature and retaining the death penalty were placed separately on the ballot (gambling passed, as did the retention of the death penalty, but the concept of a one-house legislature was defeated). Once the ballot structure was set, delegates who supported the new Constitution organized a grassroots, locally focused effort to secure ratification – thought hampered by a MT Supreme Court decision on April 28 that they could not expend $45,000 in public monies that they had set aside for voter education. They cobbled together about $10,000 of private money and did battle with the established political forces, led by the MT Farm Bureau, MT Stockgrowers’ Assn. and MT Contractors Assn., on the question of passage. Narrow passage of the main document led to an issue over certification and a Montana Supreme Court case challenging the ratification vote. After a 3-2 State Supreme Court victory, supporters of the Constitution then had to defend the election results again before the federal courts, also a successful effort. Montana finally had a new progressive State Constitution that empowered the people, but the path to it was not clear and simple and the win was razor thin. The story of that razor thin win is discussed in this chapter by the two youngest delegates to the 1972 Constitutional Convention, Mae Nan Ellingson of Missoula and Mick McKeon, then of Anaconda. Both recognized “Super Lawyers in their later professional practices were also significant players in the Constitutional Convention itself and actively participated in its campaign for ratification. As such, their recollections of the effort provide an insider’s perspective of the struggle to change Montana for the better through the creation and adoption of a new progressive state Constitution “In the Crucible of Change.” Mae Nan (Robinson) Ellingson was born Mae Nan Windham in Mineral Wells, TX and graduated from Mineral Wells High School in 1965 and Weatherford College in Weatherford, TX in 1967. Mae Nan was the youngest delegate at the 1972 Convention from Missoula. She moved to Missoula in 1967 and received her BA in Political Science with Honors from the University of MT in 1970. She was a young widow known by her late husband’s surname of Robinson while attending UM graduate school under the tutelage of noted Professor Ellis Waldron when he persuaded her to run for the Constitutional Convention. Coming in a surprising second in the delegate competition in Missoula County she was named one of the Convention’s “Ten Outstanding Constitutional Convention Delegates,” an impressive feat at such a young age. She was 24 at the time, the youngest person to serve at the ConCon, and one of 19 women out of 100 delegates. In the decade before the Convention, there were never more than three women Legislators in any session, usually one or two. She was a member of the American Association of University Women, a Pi Sigma Alpha political science honorary, and a Phi Alpha Theta historical honorary. At the Convention, she led proposals for the state's bill of rights, particularly related to equal rights for women. For years, Ellingson kept a copy of the preamble to the Constitution hanging in her office; while all the delegates had a chance to vote on the wording, she and delegate Bob Campbell are credited with the language in the preamble. During the convention, she had an opportunity that opened the door to her later career as an attorney. A convention delegate suggested to her that she should go to law school. Several offered to help, but at the time she couldn't go to school. Her mom had died in Texas, and she ended up with a younger brother and sister to raise in Missoula. She got a job teaching, but about a year later, intrigued with the idea of pursuing the law as a career, she called the man back to ask about the offer. Eventually another delegate, Dave Drum of Billings, sponsored her tuition at the UM School of Law. After receiving her JD with Honors (including the Law Review and Moot Court) from the UM Law School Ellingson worked for the Missoula city attorney's office for six years (1977-83), and she took on landmark projects. During her tenure, Missoula became the first city to issue open space bonds, a project that introduced her to Dorsey & Whitney. The city secured its first easement on Mount Sentinel, and it created the trail along the riverfront with a mix of playing fields and natural vegetation. She also helped develop a sign ordinance for the city of Missoula. She ended up working as bond counsel for Dorsey & Whitney, and she opened up the firm's full-fledged Missoula office after commuting a couple of years to its Great Falls office. She was a partner at Dorsey Whitney, working there from 1983 until her retirement in 2012. The area of law she practiced there is a narrow specialty - it requires knowledge of constitutional law, state and local government law, and a slice of federal tax law - but for Ellingson it meant working on great public projects – schools, sewer systems, libraries, swimming pools, ire trucks. At the state level, she helped form the Montana Municipal Insurance Authority, a pooled insurance group for cities. She's shaped MT’s tax increment law, and she was a fixture in the MT Legislature when they were debating equal rights. As a bond lawyer, though, Ellingson considers her most important work for the state to be setting up the Intercap Program that allowed local governments to borrow money from the state at a low interest rate. She has been a frequent speaker at the League of Cities and Towns, the Montana Association of Counties, and the Rural Water Users Association workshops on topics related to municipal finance, as well as workshops sponsored by the DNRC, the Water and Sewer Agencies Coordination Team, and the Montana State University Local Government Center. In 2002, she received an outstanding service award from the Montana Rural Water Users Association. In addition to being considered an expert on Montana state and constitutional law, local government law and local government finance, she is a frequent teacher at the National Association of Bond Lawyers (NABL) Fundamentals of Municipal Bond Law Seminar and the NABL Bond Attorney’s Workshop. For over 30 years Mae Nan has participated in the drafting of legislation in Montana for state and local finance matters. She has served on the Board of Directors of NABL, as Chairman of its Education Committee, was elected as an initial fellow in 1995 to the American College of Bond Counsel, and was recognized as a Super Lawyer in the Rocky Mountain West. Mae Nan was admitted to practice before the MT and US Supreme Courts, was named one of “America’s Leading Business Lawyers” by Chambers USA (Rank 1), a Mountain States Super Lawyer in 2007 and is listed in Best Lawyers in America; she is a member and former Board Member of NABL, a Fellow of the American College of Bond Counsel and a member of the Board of Visitors of the UM Law School. Mae Nan is also a philanthropist who serves on boards and applies her intelligence to many organizations, such as the Missoula Art Museum. [Much of this biography was drawn from a retirement story in the Missoulian and the Dorsey Whitney web site.] Mick McKeon, born in Anaconda in 1946, is a 4th generation Montanan whose family roots in this state go back to the 1870’s. In 1968 he graduated from Notre Dame with a BA in Communications and received a Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Montana Law School in 1971. Right after graduating from law school, Mick was persuaded by his father, longtime State Senator Luke McKeon, and his uncle, Phillips County Attorney Willis McKeon, to run for delegate to Montana’s Constitutional Convention and was elected to represent Deer Lodge, Philipsburg, Powell, and part of Missoula Counties. Along with a coalition of delegates from Butte and Anaconda, he fought through the new Constitution to eliminate the legal strangle hold, often called “the copper collar,” that corporate interests -- the Anaconda Company and its business & political allies -- had over state government for nearly 100 years. The New York Times called Montana’s Constitutional Convention a “prairie revolution.” After helping secure the ratification of the new Constitution, Mick began his practice of law in Anaconda where he engaged in general practice for nearly 20 years. Moving to Butte in 1991, Mick focused has practice in personal injury law, representing victims of negligence and corporate wrongdoing in both Montana district courts and federal court. As such, he participated in some of the largest cases in the history of the state. In 1992 he and his then law partner Rick Anderson obtained a federal court verdict of $11.5 million -- the largest verdict in MT for many years. Mick’s efforts on behalf of injured victims have been recognized by many legal organizations and societies. Recently, Mick was invited to become a member of the International Academy of Trial Lawyers - 600 of the top lawyers in the world. Rated as an American Super Lawyer, he has continuously been named one of the Best Lawyers in America, and an International Assn. of Trial Lawyers top 100 Trial Lawyer. In 2005, he was placed as one of Montana’s top 4 Plaintiff’s lawyers by Law Dragon. Mick is certified as a civil trial specialist by the National Board of Trial Advocacy and has the highest rating possible from Martindale-Hubble. Mick was awarded the Montana Trial Lawyers Public Service Award and provided pro bono assistance to needy clients for his entire career. Mick’s law practice, which he now shares with his son Michael, is limited to representing individuals who have been injured in accidents, concentrating on cases against insurance companies, corporations, medical providers and hospitals. Mick resides in Butte with his wife Carol, a Butte native. Mick, Carol, Michael and another son, Matthew, who graduated from Dartmouth College and was recently admitted to the Montana bar, enjoy as much of their time together in Butte and at their place on Flathead Lake.

Forest structure and composition of previously selectively logged and non-logged montane forests at Mt. Kilimanjaro

The montane forests of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania have been subjected to a long history of selective logging. However, since 1984 logging of indigenous trees is prohibited. Today, these forests allow us to evaluate the long-term effects of selective logging. We mapped the height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees >10 cm DBH on 10 sites of 0.25 ha. Five sites represent non-logged forests, another five selectively logged forests. We tested whether forests were still visibly affected 30–40 years after selective logging in terms of their forest structure and tree diversity. Additionally we compared tree densities of different species guilds, including disturbance-indicator species, late-successional species and main timber species. Furthermore, we specifically compared the community size distributions of selectively logged and non-logged forests, first across all species and then for the most important timber species, Ocotea usambarensis, alone. 30–40 years after selective logging forests still showed a higher overall stem density, mainly due to higher relative abundances of small trees (<50 cm DBH) in general, and higher densities of small size class stems of late-successional species specifically. For O. usambarensis, the selectively logged sites harboured higher relative abundances of small trees and lower relative abundances of harvestable trees. The higher relative abundance of small O. usambarensis-stems in selectively logged forests appears promising for future forest recovery. Thus, outside protected areas, selective logging may be a sustainable management option if logging cycles are considerably longer than 40 years, enough large source trees remain, and the recruiting O. usambarensis individuals find open space for their establishment.

Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre siglos' : Enrique Loncán y Eduardo L. Holmberg

Si bien el '80 ha sido trabajado y leído desde distintos contextos socio históricos y literarios, la continuidad y resignificación de su 'corpus' y sus legados, deja abierto un espacio para la crítica, con una cantidad considerable de autores que han sido lateralizados, en muchos casos, por lecturas convencionales. Enrique Loncán es un autor periférico de comienzos del siglo XX al igual que Eduardo Holmberg, a punto tal que su obra Olimpio Pitango de Monalia recién se publicó en el año 1994. Según Arturo Cancela, 'Con Enrique Loncán, se cierra para siempre el ciclo de la literatura mundana comenzado por la generación del 80, en cuyos cánones se inscriben su personalidad, sus gustos y su literatura.? Heredero o epígono de escritores como Mansilla en el Sud América, de Lucio V. López, de Eduardo Wilde y de Miguel Cané, pone en práctica su versatilidad discursiva frecuentando el periodismo, la oratoria, la política y la literatura, a la vez que se desempeña en la cátedra universitaria, el Congreso Nacional y la diplomacia. Eduardo Holmberg, por otra parte, pertenece a la saga de los escritores conocidos a medias y muchas veces, por esta misma causa, ha sido motivo de una simplificación oportunista de su significación, sujeto a una lectura rápida, proclive a juicios no del todo probados. La Tesis está estructurada en dos partes y cada una tiene como eje el estudio de uno de los dos autores citados. La primera está dedicada a la obra de Enrique Loncán, particularmente Palabras de la derrota [1919], He dicho [Brindis y discursos] [1925] y Aldea Millonaria [1933], y la segunda aborda dos conferencias 'Carlos Alberto Darwin', 'Pinceladas descriptivas' y los dos últimos textos escritos por Eduardo Holmberg, Lin Calel (1910) y Olimpio Pitango de Monalia [1912-1915]. El título de la Tesis, Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre-siglos', adelanta sus dos hipótesis centrales: la 'permanencia' o continuidad poética e ideológica del '80 en los trabajos de Loncán, y la 'superación' del mismo período por la práctica de escritura de Eduardo Holmberg. El cruce de ambos autores y sus respectivas obras pone de relieve un doble movimiento, el regreso al pasado por parte de quien desarrolló su carrera literaria durante los primeros cuarenta años del siglo XX [Loncán], y la evolución hacia el futuro de Holmberg que se desarrolló literariamente a lo largo del '80. Este doble movimiento 'el retroceso hacia las fuentes por parte de Loncán y el 'progreso' rupturista de Holmberg- mantiene una relación dialéctica con la historia social y política del país en el primer caso, y una relación con la historia y con la filosofía de la historia en el segundo, sobre todo en Olimpio Pitango de Monalia, en la medida en que deconstruye la historiografía liberal oficial

Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre siglos' : Enrique Loncán y Eduardo L. Holmberg

Si bien el '80 ha sido trabajado y leído desde distintos contextos socio históricos y literarios, la continuidad y resignificación de su 'corpus' y sus legados, deja abierto un espacio para la crítica, con una cantidad considerable de autores que han sido lateralizados, en muchos casos, por lecturas convencionales. Enrique Loncán es un autor periférico de comienzos del siglo XX al igual que Eduardo Holmberg, a punto tal que su obra Olimpio Pitango de Monalia recién se publicó en el año 1994. Según Arturo Cancela, 'Con Enrique Loncán, se cierra para siempre el ciclo de la literatura mundana comenzado por la generación del 80, en cuyos cánones se inscriben su personalidad, sus gustos y su literatura.? Heredero o epígono de escritores como Mansilla en el Sud América, de Lucio V. López, de Eduardo Wilde y de Miguel Cané, pone en práctica su versatilidad discursiva frecuentando el periodismo, la oratoria, la política y la literatura, a la vez que se desempeña en la cátedra universitaria, el Congreso Nacional y la diplomacia. Eduardo Holmberg, por otra parte, pertenece a la saga de los escritores conocidos a medias y muchas veces, por esta misma causa, ha sido motivo de una simplificación oportunista de su significación, sujeto a una lectura rápida, proclive a juicios no del todo probados. La Tesis está estructurada en dos partes y cada una tiene como eje el estudio de uno de los dos autores citados. La primera está dedicada a la obra de Enrique Loncán, particularmente Palabras de la derrota [1919], He dicho [Brindis y discursos] [1925] y Aldea Millonaria [1933], y la segunda aborda dos conferencias 'Carlos Alberto Darwin', 'Pinceladas descriptivas' y los dos últimos textos escritos por Eduardo Holmberg, Lin Calel (1910) y Olimpio Pitango de Monalia [1912-1915]. El título de la Tesis, Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre-siglos', adelanta sus dos hipótesis centrales: la 'permanencia' o continuidad poética e ideológica del '80 en los trabajos de Loncán, y la 'superación' del mismo período por la práctica de escritura de Eduardo Holmberg. El cruce de ambos autores y sus respectivas obras pone de relieve un doble movimiento, el regreso al pasado por parte de quien desarrolló su carrera literaria durante los primeros cuarenta años del siglo XX [Loncán], y la evolución hacia el futuro de Holmberg que se desarrolló literariamente a lo largo del '80. Este doble movimiento 'el retroceso hacia las fuentes por parte de Loncán y el 'progreso' rupturista de Holmberg- mantiene una relación dialéctica con la historia social y política del país en el primer caso, y una relación con la historia y con la filosofía de la historia en el segundo, sobre todo en Olimpio Pitango de Monalia, en la medida en que deconstruye la historiografía liberal oficial

Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre siglos' : Enrique Loncán y Eduardo L. Holmberg

Si bien el '80 ha sido trabajado y leído desde distintos contextos socio históricos y literarios, la continuidad y resignificación de su 'corpus' y sus legados, deja abierto un espacio para la crítica, con una cantidad considerable de autores que han sido lateralizados, en muchos casos, por lecturas convencionales. Enrique Loncán es un autor periférico de comienzos del siglo XX al igual que Eduardo Holmberg, a punto tal que su obra Olimpio Pitango de Monalia recién se publicó en el año 1994. Según Arturo Cancela, 'Con Enrique Loncán, se cierra para siempre el ciclo de la literatura mundana comenzado por la generación del 80, en cuyos cánones se inscriben su personalidad, sus gustos y su literatura.? Heredero o epígono de escritores como Mansilla en el Sud América, de Lucio V. López, de Eduardo Wilde y de Miguel Cané, pone en práctica su versatilidad discursiva frecuentando el periodismo, la oratoria, la política y la literatura, a la vez que se desempeña en la cátedra universitaria, el Congreso Nacional y la diplomacia. Eduardo Holmberg, por otra parte, pertenece a la saga de los escritores conocidos a medias y muchas veces, por esta misma causa, ha sido motivo de una simplificación oportunista de su significación, sujeto a una lectura rápida, proclive a juicios no del todo probados. La Tesis está estructurada en dos partes y cada una tiene como eje el estudio de uno de los dos autores citados. La primera está dedicada a la obra de Enrique Loncán, particularmente Palabras de la derrota [1919], He dicho [Brindis y discursos] [1925] y Aldea Millonaria [1933], y la segunda aborda dos conferencias 'Carlos Alberto Darwin', 'Pinceladas descriptivas' y los dos últimos textos escritos por Eduardo Holmberg, Lin Calel (1910) y Olimpio Pitango de Monalia [1912-1915]. El título de la Tesis, Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre-siglos', adelanta sus dos hipótesis centrales: la 'permanencia' o continuidad poética e ideológica del '80 en los trabajos de Loncán, y la 'superación' del mismo período por la práctica de escritura de Eduardo Holmberg. El cruce de ambos autores y sus respectivas obras pone de relieve un doble movimiento, el regreso al pasado por parte de quien desarrolló su carrera literaria durante los primeros cuarenta años del siglo XX [Loncán], y la evolución hacia el futuro de Holmberg que se desarrolló literariamente a lo largo del '80. Este doble movimiento 'el retroceso hacia las fuentes por parte de Loncán y el 'progreso' rupturista de Holmberg- mantiene una relación dialéctica con la historia social y política del país en el primer caso, y una relación con la historia y con la filosofía de la historia en el segundo, sobre todo en Olimpio Pitango de Monalia, en la medida en que deconstruye la historiografía liberal oficial

Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre siglos' : Enrique Loncán y Eduardo L. Holmberg

Si bien el '80 ha sido trabajado y leído desde distintos contextos socio históricos y literarios, la continuidad y resignificación de su 'corpus' y sus legados, deja abierto un espacio para la crítica, con una cantidad considerable de autores que han sido lateralizados, en muchos casos, por lecturas convencionales. Enrique Loncán es un autor periférico de comienzos del siglo XX al igual que Eduardo Holmberg, a punto tal que su obra Olimpio Pitango de Monalia recién se publicó en el año 1994. Según Arturo Cancela, 'Con Enrique Loncán, se cierra para siempre el ciclo de la literatura mundana comenzado por la generación del 80, en cuyos cánones se inscriben su personalidad, sus gustos y su literatura.? Heredero o epígono de escritores como Mansilla en el Sud América, de Lucio V. López, de Eduardo Wilde y de Miguel Cané, pone en práctica su versatilidad discursiva frecuentando el periodismo, la oratoria, la política y la literatura, a la vez que se desempeña en la cátedra universitaria, el Congreso Nacional y la diplomacia. Eduardo Holmberg, por otra parte, pertenece a la saga de los escritores conocidos a medias y muchas veces, por esta misma causa, ha sido motivo de una simplificación oportunista de su significación, sujeto a una lectura rápida, proclive a juicios no del todo probados. La Tesis está estructurada en dos partes y cada una tiene como eje el estudio de uno de los dos autores citados. La primera está dedicada a la obra de Enrique Loncán, particularmente Palabras de la derrota [1919], He dicho [Brindis y discursos] [1925] y Aldea Millonaria [1933], y la segunda aborda dos conferencias 'Carlos Alberto Darwin', 'Pinceladas descriptivas' y los dos últimos textos escritos por Eduardo Holmberg, Lin Calel (1910) y Olimpio Pitango de Monalia [1912-1915]. El título de la Tesis, Permanencia y superación del '80 en dos escritores de 'entre-siglos', adelanta sus dos hipótesis centrales: la 'permanencia' o continuidad poética e ideológica del '80 en los trabajos de Loncán, y la 'superación' del mismo período por la práctica de escritura de Eduardo Holmberg. El cruce de ambos autores y sus respectivas obras pone de relieve un doble movimiento, el regreso al pasado por parte de quien desarrolló su carrera literaria durante los primeros cuarenta años del siglo XX [Loncán], y la evolución hacia el futuro de Holmberg que se desarrolló literariamente a lo largo del '80. Este doble movimiento 'el retroceso hacia las fuentes por parte de Loncán y el 'progreso' rupturista de Holmberg- mantiene una relación dialéctica con la historia social y política del país en el primer caso, y una relación con la historia y con la filosofía de la historia en el segundo, sobre todo en Olimpio Pitango de Monalia, en la medida en que deconstruye la historiografía liberal oficial

Geothermometry, ore geochemistry and fluid flow in the Esperanza Vein, Huachocolpa District (Huancavelica, Peru)

The Esperanza Zn-Pb-Ag vein, owned by Compañía de Minas Buenaventura S.A.A., lies over 4000 to 4650 masl in the Western Cordillera of the Peruvian Central Andes. The Esperanza low sulphidation epithermal vein trends ~E-W along 1500 m; it dips to the South and can be followed to 350 m depth. As other veins of the district, like Teresita and Bienaventurada, it is hosted by intermediate to felsic volcanics (andesitic to dacitic compositions) of the Huachocolpa Group (Middle Miocene to Upper Pliocene). The mineralisation occurs mostly as open space filling related to fracture development during the Quechua III deformational event. Main ore minerals are sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and Ag and Pb sulfosalts; quartz, barite and calcite are the main gangue minerals. Current production grades are ~5% Zn, ~8Oz/t Ag, ~3% Pb; usually very low Cu (mean ~0.04%).