Chemically distinct transition states govern rapid dissociation of single L-selectin bonds under force

Carbohydrate–protein bonds interrupt the rapid flow of leukocytes in the circulation by initiation of rolling and tethering at vessel walls. The cell surface carbohydrate ligands are glycosylated proteins like the mucin P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), which bind ubiquitously to the family of E-, P-, and L-selectin proteins in membranes of leukocytes and endothelium. The current view is that carbohydrate–selectin bonds dissociate a few times per second, and the unbinding rate increases weakly with force. However, such studies have provided little insight into how numerous hydrogen bonds, a Ca2+ metal ion bond, and other interactions contribute to the mechanical strength of these attachments. Decorating a force probe with very dilute ligands and controlling touch to achieve rare single-bond events, we have varied the unbinding rates of carbohydrate–selectin bonds by detachment with ramps of force/time from 10 to 100,000 pN/sec. Testing PSGL-1, its outer 19 aa (19FT), and sialyl LewisX (sLeX) against L-selectin in vitro on glass microspheres and in situ on neutrophils, we found that the unbinding rates followed the same dependence on force and increased by nearly 1,000-fold as rupture forces rose from a few to ≈200 pN. Plotted on a logarithmic scale of loading rate, the rupture forces reveal two prominent energy barriers along the unbinding pathway. Strengths above 75 pN arise from rapid detachment (<0.01 sec) impeded by an inner barrier that requires a Ca2+ bond between a single sLeX and the lectin domain. Strengths below 75 pN occur under slow detachment (>0.01 sec) impeded by the outer barrier, which appears to involve an array of weak (putatively hydrogen) bonds.

The structures of anthranilate synthase of Serratia marcescens crystallized in the presence of (i) its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and a product, glutamate, and (ii) its end-product inhibitor, l-tryptophan

The crystal structure of anthranilate synthase (AS) from Serratia marcescens, a mesophilic bacterium, has been solved in the presence of its substrates, chorismate and glutamine, and one product, glutamate, at 1.95 â„«, and with its bound feedback inhibitor, tryptophan, at 2.4 â„«. In comparison with the AS structure from the hyperthermophile Sulfolobus solfataricus, the S. marcescens structure shows similar subunit structures but a markedly different oligomeric organization. One crystal form of the S. marcescens enzyme displays a bound pyruvate as well as a putative anthranilate (the nitrogen group is ambiguous) in the TrpE subunit. It also confirms the presence of a covalently bound glutamyl thioester intermediate in the TrpG subunit. The tryptophan-bound form reveals that the inhibitor binds at a site distinct from that of the substrate, chorismate. Bound tryptophan appears to prevent chorismate binding by a demonstrable conformational effect, and the structure reveals how occupancy of only one of the two feedback inhibition sites can immobilize the catalytic activity of both TrpE subunits. The presence of effectors in the structure provides a view of the locations of some of the amino acid residues in the active sites. Our findings are discussed in terms of the previously described AS structure of S. solfataricus, mutational data obtained from enteric bacteria, and the enzyme's mechanism of action.

Catharine Waugh McCullouch papers in the Mary Earhart Dillon collection, 1869-1945

Collection primarily documents McCulloch's research on women's legal status, and her work with the Illinois Equal Suffrage Association, the National American Woman Suffrage Association, and the League of Women Voters. There is also documentation of women in the legal profession, of McCulloch's friendships with the other women suffragists and lawyers, and some biographical material. The papers contain little information about her family or social life.

UM Men's Swimming Team, 1979 UM Swimming

Front Row: Michael W. Darland, Thomas W. Pederson, Eric A. Peper, C. Matthew Chelich, Fernando J. Canales, Robert F. Murray, Kevin V. Williamson

2nd Row: Richard L. Carter, Paul W. Griffith, Scott D. Weir, Kenneth J. Vigiletti, Jonathan K. Menegay, Kevin A. Morgan, David L. Price, Bill Mills, James F. Derks

3rd Row: swimming coach Gus Stager, Jon Beach, Kevin Machemer, Brent Campbell, Lance Weissmann, Matt Kanzler, Tom D. Dudley, Jr., R. Scott Crowder, III., Walter H. Gage, III, diving coach Dick Kimball

Back Row: Rich D. Hitt, Jr., Jamie Gentile, John L. Spaid, Mark McMann, Mike Wilson, Michael W. Dauw, John E. Slykhouse, Eric Yamauchi, Andy Griffith, Thomas D. Ernsting, Bruce Temme

Importante scoperta per conservare freschissime delle migliaja d'uova per l'inverno ed anche per più anni con un soldo di spesa e nessuna fatica : dettugliamante esposta a vantaggio d'ogni privata famiglia, degli osti, offellaj, confetturieri, bottegai, contadini, ed in generale di chiunque consumi uova one faccia provvigione per la vendita od altri usi /

Treatise on preservation of eggs; refers to various methods of preserving eggs dating back to the Roman Empire and Renaissance; describes in detail methods in use in England and France during late 1700-early 1800; includes citations from numerous experts (i.e. Reaumur, Parmentier, European agricultural journals, etc.). Footnote on p. 55 from R.D. Peschier of Geneva, doctor of chemistry and medicine, cites an example of eggs preserved for six years in lime-water.

Memoirs of the life of Sir Walter Scott,

"Memoir of the early life of Sir Walter Scott, written by himself": v.1, p. 31-86.

The life and reminiscences of E. L. Blanchard,

The appendix, v. 2, includes "William Blanchard: a sketch. By Drinkwater Meadows" (p. [645]-654) letters, poems by E. L. Blanchard and other miscellaneous matter.

Ballantyne's novelist's library. [With prefatory memoirs by Sir Walter Scott]

Purchased from Gilman, Crompond, N.Y.

A letter from Luke Howard, of Tottenham, near London, to a friend in America; containing observations upon a treatise written by Job Scott, entitled Salvation by Christ, &c. /

Bound with Calumny refuted. Phil., 1824. [7]

The works of the late Rev. Thomas Scott /

Includes index (vol. 10)

Elemens de l'histoire Romaine : en anglais et en francais : depuis la fondation de Rome jusqu'a la bataille d'Actium ; estraits des meilleurs auteurs, anciens et modernes ... /

Advertisement for Cobbett books: 12 p. bound in before t.-p.

Risposta à Sir Walter Scott sulla Vita di Napoleone; scitta dal conte di S. Leu, coll'aggiunta di varie notizie storiche sulla famiglia Bonaparte.

[Signed on p. 115: L. de Saint-Leu.]

Guy Mannering, ou L'astrologuqe;

Half-title:-Œuvres complètes de Walter Scott Romans historiques, tom 13, 14.