The economics of rubber plantation industry in kerala

The study is an objective analysis of the importance of the economics of rubber plantation industry in Kerala. The study covers a period of 25 years ranging from 1950-51 to 1974-75. The data for the study were obtained partly from published documents such as: (1) The Plantation Inquiry Commission Report (for 1950s) (2) The Tariff Commission Reports (for 1960s) (3) Indian Rubber Statistics (for 1970s) and partly from personal inquiries. The thesis is divided into three parts consisting of eight chapters. Part I deals with the importance, growth, present position, and the scope of the industry. Part II discusses in detail the various development schemes, their impact, the role of small holding sector in the development of the rubber plantation industry and the problems faced by small holdings. Part III analyses the problems connected with marketing, cost, profitability and the development potential of the industry

A study of the cost structure of the cashew industry in kerala, karnataka and tamilnadu

Since the world demand for cashew kernels has been rising steadily for several years in the past, conferring significant price increase the processing of cashew remains a highly profitable lndustry. India being the earliest and largest supplier of cashew kernels in the world market it is our prestigious obligations to reestablish her pristine monopoly. Further the added importance ot the indutry in the Socio economic context of the State of Kerala makes various measures impervative in order to bring back to the industry its pristine glory at the late sixties to give a face lift and to stabilize the industry. This present study adopts a comprehensive frame work of analysis compassing the major issues involved in the cultivation, distribution, import, processing and marketing of cashew undcr the private and public sector, migration of the industry and the financial requirements of the industry.

A marine actinomycete nocardiopsis mccb 110 as source of novel drugs to manage vibriosis

Aquaculture is a form of agriculture that involves the propagation, cultivation and marketing of aquatic plants and animals in a controlled environment (Swann, 1992). After growing steadily, particularly in the last four decades, aquaculture is for the first time set to contribute half of the fish consumed by the human population worldwide. Given the projected population growth over the next two decades, it is estimated that at least an additional 40 million tonnes of aquatic food will be required by 2030 to maintain the current per capita consumption (FAO, 2006). Capture fisheries and aquaculture supplied the world with about 110 million tonnes of food fish in 2006. Of this total, aquaculture accounted for 47 percent (FAO, 2009). Globally, penaeid shrimp culture ranks sixth in terms of quantity and second in terms of value amongst all taxonomic groups of aquatic animals cultivated (FAO, 2006). In places where warm-water aquaculture was possible black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon became the preferred variety of shrimp cultivar owing to its fast growth, seed availability and importantly due to high prices it fetches (Pechmanee, 1997). World shrimp production is dominated by P.monodon, which accounted for more than 50 % of the production in 1999 (FAO, 2000). In the last few years the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, has replaced P.monodon in many countries. Indian shrimp culture is dominated by P.monodon with the East Coast accounting for 70% of the production (Hein, 2002). Intensive culture, apart from other problems, results in enhanced susceptibility of the cultured species to diseases (Jory, 1997), which in fact have become the biggest constraint in shrimp aquaculture (FAO, 2003).

‘Driving Forces of Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds’

Unfortunately, in India it is a fact that most of the investors are not interested in mutual funds. Those who are investing, they are investing only very small amounts. But what is important to be noted here is that when compared to other financial instruments, investments in mutual funds are safer and also yields more returns on the investment portfolio. Moreover as an investment avenue mutual fund is available for those investors who are not willing to take any exposure directly in the security market. It also helps such investors to build their wealth over a period of time. At the retail level, investors are unique and are highly heterogeneous, and the mutual fund schemes' selection will also differ depends on their expectations. Hence, investors’ expectation is a very important factor in this regard that needs to be analysed by all the investment houses. Hence, the factors that drive the investment decisions of individual investors to meet their expectations by investing money in mutual funds need an in-depth analysis. These driving forces include the preference of investors on mutual fund compared to various available avenues of financial investments, risk attitude of investors, influence of characteristics of instruments of mutual funds on investors, the investment specific attitudes of investors, and influence of qualities of fund management on investors. The success of any mutual fund, a popular means of investment, depends on how effectively an Asset Management Company has been able to understand the level of influence of these factors on the decision of investors to invest in mutual funds. For a substantial growth in the mutual fund market, there must be a high level precision in the design and marketing of the products of mutual funds taking into account these driving forces by the Asset Management Companies. Therefore, there is a need to conduct a detailed study on investments in mutual funds in this direction. A review of available literature also revealed that no detailed study on mutual funds has so far been attempted in this direction; hence the present study on Driving Forces of Investment Decisions in Mutual Funds is undertaken.

Somos patrimonio somos ciudad - marketing social del patrimonio cultural urbano: Plan del Eje Ambiental de la Avenida Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada

En la actualidad, el patrimonio cultural se encuentra inmerso en un entorno dinámico y cambiante, caracterizado por la globalización y la diversidad, que planeta nuevos retos a su gestión. En el plano internacional dos modelos de marketing han dado algunas respuestas a esto, el economicista o tradicional y el específico de las artes y la cultura. Ambos modelos se basan en una noción materialista del patrimonio cultural, concebido como producto o como recurso patrimonial, y la existencia de cuatro elementos comunes de contexto: El mercado, la organización, el sistema de información y el marketing mix. Sin embargo, estos enfoques no le son aplicables al patrimonio urbano colombiano, porque su contexto es diferente, caracterizado por una dinámica nula o de mercado inexistente, sin fuerzas de mercado que atiendan por su valoración, conservación y preservación o garanticen su sostenibilidad, que está referido a bienes de carácter público, por cuyo consumo nadie está dispuesto a pagar de manera directa, cuya tutela está atribuida al Estado y frente al cual coexiste una pluralidad de actores. Por lo anterior, un modelo de marketing aplicable a dicho patrimonio cultural, debe construirse sobre lineamientos conceptuales de mayor complejidad e hibridación, que permitan una concepción integral de aquel y de su gestión.

El uso en las organizaciones de venta al por mayor del marketing mediante la relación estratégica comunitaria y efectividad de la misma

Se busca ver cuál es el uso que las organizaciones hacen del concepto y estrategias comunitarias mediante el marketing; aunque existen varias formas de fidelizar el cliente, en el sector de comercio al por mayor, se vio una gran dificultad de acercarse al consumidor. Una de las formas más fáciles y efectivas de hacerlo es por medio de comunidades ya que elimina las barreras de mercado y crea vínculos entre cliente-empresa. Para esto se utilizó el análisis de caso, seleccionando una organización de relevancia en el sector de venta al por mayor. En dicha organización no se encontró el uso de la relación estratégica comunitaria de forma directa, aunque se vio un interés en incorporarlo; esto se evaluó mediante fuentes de evidencia, tales como entrevistas, informes financieros de la compañía, documentos que proporciono la organizaciones, pagina web e información del comercio de venta al por mayor y fundamentación teórica para realizar un óptimo análisis. A la empresa se le recomienda incorporar en sus planes estratégicos la relación estratégica comunitaria; esto ayudaría a eliminar barreras de mercado, identificar las necesidades o nuevos nichos de mercado.

El uso y efectividad de la relación estratégica comunitaria y el marketing en las organizaciones de comercio al por mayor especializadas en productos agropecuarios

El mercadeo relacional no sólo implica desarrollar relaciones con los clientes y satisfacer efectivamente sus necesidades, sino que también implica la vinculación de la empresa con la comunidad, y para esto se deben utilizan estrategias comunitarias generando así un desarrollo y beneficio recíproco a largo plazo. La empresa mayorista del sector agropecuario analizada en este proyecto dentro de su concepto de comunidad tiene claro quiénes son sus principales agentes (clientes externos, proveedores, clientes internos y comunidades vulnerables) y cómo relacionarse con ellos mediante el uso efectivo y equilibrado de las estrategias de marketing y de las estrategias orientadas a la comunidad, lo cual se ve reflejado en sus resultados financieros y en el impacto que ha generado en el desarrollo integral de la comunidad rural y del sector agropecuario. No obstante, la empresa si bien mantiene una relación permanente con sus clientes, proveedores y empleados y algunas fundaciones, se observa que la relación con otros agentes pierde continuidad al ser una iniciativa a corto plazo como respuesta a un cambio.

Estrategias de marketing y comercialización de las editoriales independientes, dedicadas a las disciplinas artísticas de diseño y moda en Bogotá

El presente documento describe cómo funcionan las editoriales independientes dedicadas a las disciplinas artísticas de diseño y moda en Bogotá, proyecto que pretende ser una herramienta de estudio para las nuevas y nacientes publicaciones que deseen expresar sus intereses, lograr reconocimiento, culturizar al público y obtener ingresos en el proceso. El siguiente trabajo indaga sobre el movimiento de la moda, el arte y el diseño, corriente que ha evolucionado reveladoramente en los últimos años, la cual se ha convertido en una gran economía a nivel mundial. El sector de las editoriales independientes dedicadas a las disciplinas artísticas es un tramo emergente, existen varios proyectos que exponen nuevas propuestas de jóvenes diseñadores, empresarios y emprendedores colombianos que se mueven en la escena artística de la capital del país. Estos tipos de ediciones muestran lo que está sucediendo en Bogotá en diferentes aspectos, ejemplo; eventos relacionados con la música, gastronomía, moda, entre otros. Presentan las nuevas tendencias referentes al diseño y se proponen descubrir y publicar a los artistas emergentes de la capital para que ellos gocen de un medio para exhibir su trabajo. Muchas de estas ediciones no tienen la posibilidad de imprimir sus ediciones, y si las imprimen no logran vender su trabajo, con este documento se pretender brindar estrategias de mercadeo y comercialización de las editoriales independientes dedicadas a las disciplinas artísticas de diseño y moda de la ciudad de Bogotá , con el objetivo de que estas continúen funcionado, para que haya una circulación de información artística a la población capitalina, de esta manera jóvenes colombianos tengan una plataforma para exponer su trabajo y la ciudad misma se convierta en un centro de expresión cultural reconocida mundialmente.

How is the language of medicines use review leaflets symbolising the service?

Introduction The medicines use review (MUR), a new community pharmacy ‘service’, was launched in England and Wales to improve patients’ knowledge and use of medicines through a private, patient–pharmacist appointment. After 18 months, only 30% of pharmacies are providing MURs; at an average of 120 per annum (maximum 400 allowed).1 One reason linked to low delivery is patient recruitment.2 Our aim was to examine how the MUR is symbolised and given meaning via printed patient information, and potential implications. Method The language of 10 MUR patient leaflets, including the NHS booklet,3 and leaflets from multiples and wholesalers was evaluated by discourse analysis. Results and Discussion Before experiencing MURs, patients conceivably ‘categorise’ relationships with pharmacists based on traditional interactions.4 Yet none of the leaflets explicitly describe the MUR as ‘new’ and presuppose patients would become involved in activities outside of their pre-existing relationship with pharmacists such as appointments, self-completion of charts, and pharmacy action plans. The MUR process is described inconsistently, with interchangeable use of formal (‘review meeting‘) and informal (‘friendly’) terminology, the latter presumably to portray an intended ‘negotiation model’ of interaction.5 Assumptions exist about attitudes (‘not understanding’; ‘problems’) that might lead patients to an appointment. However, research has identified a multitude of reasons why patients choose (or not) to consult practitioners,6 and marketing of MURs should also consider other barriers. For example, it may be prudent to remove time limits to avoid implying patients might not be listened to fully, during what is for them an additional practitioner consultation.

Water reuse for irrigation in Jordan: perceptions of water quality among farmers

The reuse of treated wastewater (reclaimed water) for irrigation is a valuable strategy to maximise available water resources, but the often marginal quality of the water can present agricultural challenges. Semi-structured interviews were held with Jordanian farmers to explore how they perceive the quality of reclaimed water. Of the 11 farmers interviewed who irrigate with reclaimed water directly near treatment plants, 10 described reclaimed water either positively or neutrally. In contrast, 27 of the 39 farmers who use reclaimed water indirectly, after it is blended with fresh water, viewed the resource negatively, although 23 of the indirect reuse farmers also recognised the nutrient benefits. Farmer perception of reclaimed water may be a function of its quality, but consideration should also be given to farmers’ capacity to manage the agricultural challenges associated with reclaimed water (salinity, irrigation system damage, marketing of produce), their actual and perceived capacity to control where and when reclaimed water is used, and their capacity to influence the quality of the water delivered to the farm.

Occasional publishers: producing and marketing books in England 1771–1844

Purpose – To investigate the way in which a series of related printing businesses, owned by members of the Gye and Balne families in Bath and London from 1771 to 1844, selected and marketed their titles when they ventured into book printing and publishing. Design/methodology/approach – The basis of this research is extensive archival research analyzing primary sources, mainly the books and ephemera printed by the various firms, supported by information in contemporary newspapers and journals and in biographies of printers and publishers. Findings – The focus of these businesses was not solely on production but that marketing was also considered, and that there was each title was conceived and produced with a particular market in mind. In doing so it provides evidence of relatively advanced marketing strategies in use before 1850 and thus questions the validity of the four-eras model of marketing history. Research limitations/implications – The available primary sources are limited; while a number of books and other printed items have survived there are no extant accounts, correspondence, or other records for any of the firms that were studied. Originality/value – There has been very little research into the way small businesses during this period approached the marketing of their products. This paper is a potential model for further such historical research and also provides an example of how research into specific companies can illuminate the larger history of marketing, potentially changing the way in which we understand the development of consumer society.

Consumers perception and evaluation of fresh cut buying attributes: a survey on the Italian market

During the last twenty years, consumer choice in high income countries is no longer merely dictated by price and the organoleptic characteristics of a product, but also by other features some of which are not patently tangible. The growing importance of such attributes in the process of consumer choice is not only due to income increase, but also to changes in lifestyle such as migrations from the countryside, a generalized urbanization and consequential city life style, female emancipation and work outside the domestic walls for women, the drastic decrease in hard physical labor and the process of internationalization. The present survey study aims to explore the importance that Italian consumers give to fresh cut buying attributes and which of these attributes should be taken into consideration by industries in order to satisfy the needs of the most critical shoppers. Where possible, market and survey data for fresh cut products will be compared with those for cooked products and before presenting the results and conclusions of the study, the technical issues of processing will be highlighted owing to the fact that they affect the marketing of these products, the recent market situation with regard to consumption will be illustrated and the methodology used will be described.

Marketing para jovens consumidores de café: estratégias para o mercado brasileiro

Empresas de diferentes setores, dentro da nova estrutura competitiva, cientes da importância de satisfazer as necessidades dos consumidores, vêm provocando mudanças nos hábitos e costumes da população. Novos alimentos e novas formas de distribuição têm sido introduzidos, acompanhados de agressivas campanhas publicitárias. O setor de café, confiante na sua tradição, não acompanhou o ritmo de modernização e de marketing do setor de bebidas, tendo como conseqüência uma significativa perda de participação no mercado e redução no consumo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer o consumidor jovem de café no Brasil e sugerir estratégias mercadológicas que possam estimulá-lo a consumir mais o produto. Através da técnica de análise de grupos foram realizados estudos qualitativos na cidade "de São "Paulo e estudos quantitativos na cidade. de Belo Horizonte. Analisados os resultados, e identificado o significado do café para este público jovem, foram sugeridas estratégias genéricas que contribuam para o aumento do consumo de café no mercado interno. Os resultados mostram que predomina, entre os jovens universitários, uma imagem negativa em relação ao café. Muito associado ao cigarro e ao vicio, 54% dos entrevistados não têm o hábito de tomar café, além de associar a imagem do café a uma pessoa adulta, que trabalha muito, estressada e cheia de responsabilidades. Quem toma aprendeu com a família, por um hábito, ou no trabalho. Como aspectos positivos consideram o café como estimulante e muito associado a um intervalo, descanso e relaxamento. Consideram que o café ainda mantém sua postura tradicional, não é um produto prático e adequado ao jovem e as propagandas não falam com o jovem. Estratégias de marketing elaboradas com vistas ao futuro consumidor de café devem descobrir os valores que norteiam os interesses dos jovens de hoje para construir produtos, embalagens, formas de consumo e de comunicação que façam sentido em seu mundo. Pois esse mundo é diferente daquele onde o café tem ou teve um lugar de honra: o lar brasileiro. Da forma como vem sendo percebido hoje pelos jovens, constata-se que é preciso mudar se quiser permanecer.

The stakeholders‟ involvement in the process of building and maintaining a destination brand

A destination is a place that attracts visitors for a temporary stay to participate in tourism related activities or non- activities. Globalization, the increased number of travelers and the increased buying power have increased the competition between the destinations and the destinations have become more substitutable. It has been agreed that destinations can be branded as well as products and to be competitive it is getting common to brand destinations. Destination Marketing Organizations (DMOs) are responsible for the marketing of an identifiable destination. The purpose of this study is to present an exploratory study of how a destination marketing organization creates and builds a strong destination brand and how the stakeholders have been involved in the process. The study is done with a qualitative case study approach. The case study was chosen as the research method to make a detailed and intensive analysis of the research objective, in this case the destination brand of Brazil and its stakeholders.

O setor de seguros e o marketing de relacionamento

o grande crescimento do mercado segurador no Brasil trouxe, ao longo dos últimos, dificuldades para as empresas se relacionarem adequadamente com seus clientes (corretores e segurados), obrigando-as a repensarem seus negócios. Nesse contexto, o comportamento do consumidor do mercado securitário de automóvel assume conotação especial e passa a ser questão obrigatória na busca da vantagem competitiva. Assim, o objetivo geral do presente estudo é estabelecer procedimentos entre o corretor, o segurado e a seguradora, com um plano de ação de fidelização para maximizar resultados para as empresas, a partir de estratégias de marketing de relacionamento, baseadas na tríade cliente, corretor e seguradora. Para tanto, utiliza-se de um levantamento teórico e empírico da realidade do setor de seguros de automóvel, apurada no estágio atual, e apresenta conceitos e ferramentas de marketing de relacionamento que, adaptadas, poderiam levar ao aumento dos valores alTecadados pelas seguradoras, com conquista de novos clientes e retenção dos atuais. Os resultados indicam que há inúmeras felTamentas de marketing de relacionamento passíveis de aplicabilidade no segmento de seguros de automóvel, como sugere o estudo de caso da filial Niterói da organização pesquisada, capazes de fazer com que as empresas do setor incrementem seu potencial de receita e maximizem seu relacionamento com os COlTetores e com os consumidores finais.