Factors associated to infection by Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in the city of Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil

The aim of the present work was to determine the prevalence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and the factors associated to the infection in pregnant women attended in Basic Health Units in Rolândia, Paraná, Brazil. The sample was divided in two groups: group I (320 pregnant women who were analyzed from July 2007 to February 2008) and group II (287 pregnant women who were analyzed from March to October 2008). In group I, it was found 53.1% of pregnant women with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive, 1.9% with IgG and IgM reactive, 0.3% with IgG non-reactive and IgM reactive and 44.7% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. In group II, it was found 55.1% with IgG reactive and IgM non-reactive and 44.9% with IgG and IgM non-reactive. The variables associated to the presence of IgG antibodies were: residence in rural areas, pregnant women between 35-40 years old, low educational level, low family income, more than one pregnancy, drinking water which does not originate from the public water supply system and the habit of handling soil or sand. Guidance on primary prevention measures and the quarterly serological monitoring of the pregnant women in the risk group are important measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.

Induction of phagocytic activity and nitric-oxide production in natural populations of Trypanosoma Cruzi I and II from the state of Paraná, Brazil

Twelve strains of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from wild reservoirs, triatomines, and chronic chagasic patients in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil, and classified as T. cruzi I and II, were used to test the correlation between genetic and biological diversity. The Phagocytic Index (PI) and nitric-oxide (NO) production in vitro were used as biological parameters. The PI of the T. cruzi I and II strains did not differ significantly, nor did the PI of the T. cruzi strains isolated from humans, triatomines, or wild reservoirs. There was a statistical difference in the inhibition of NO production between T. cruzi I and II and between parasites isolated from humans and the strains isolated from triatomines and wild reservoirs, but there was no correlation between genetics and biology when the strains were analyzed independently of the lineages or hosts from which the strains were isolated. There were significant correlations for Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) and biological parameters for T. cruzi I and II, and for humans or wild reservoirs when the lineages or hosts were considered individually.

O mapeamento possível no mundo dos possíveis

Logo que sugeri o título, dentro do quadro mais seco do futuro da sociologia, alguns colegas me foram logo dizendo, - "melhor fora que falasses dos impossíveis". Possso concluir que a consideração que têm por mim deve ter subido, pois não se pede uma abordagem destas a qualquer um. Falar e reflectir sobre o mundo dos possíveis, é pensar as suas condições de possibilidade, o enquadramento da sua emergência e do seu devir. Pensar o mundo dos possíveis é verificar, de facto se ele cabe dentro dos impossíveis, ou se é o contrário que se regista, - se é o mundo dos impossíveis que contém o dos possíveis. Se pensarmos bem, eles autoexcluem- se, são incompatíveis. O mundo dos possíveis que aqui nos interessa é o da Ciência, limitada aqui às Ciências Sociais. Qual é a ciência que existe - perguntamo-nos, e quais são as ciências possíveis? Mas vou apresentar algumas reflexões. O mundo dos possíveis inclui a ciência existente. Esta é razoavelmente vasta mas, no espaço da experiência contemporânea. Observar e levantar a experiência contemporânea, é ser capaz de perceber as formas de recepção e vivência do mundo. Hoje, a relação com os objectos, a constituição dos sujeitos, etc, encontra essencialmente duas sociologias: as condições da experiência contemporânea reduzem os objectos existentes ao número dos que se mostram e aparecem ou evoluem no espaço público. Estes são os objectos que observo - essas duas sociologias.

Genetic diversity and primary resistance among HIV-1-positive patients from Maringá, Paraná, Brazil

The objective of this study is to identify subtypes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and to analyze the presence of mutations associated to antiretroviral resistance in the protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) regions from 48 HIV-1 positive treatment naïve patients from an outpatient clinic in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. Sequencing was conducted using PR, partial RT and group-specific antigen gene (gag) nested PCR products from retrotranscribed RNA. Transmitted resistance was determined according to the Surveillance Drug Resistance Mutation List (SDRM) algorithm. Phylogenetic and SimPlot analysis of concatenated genetic segments classified sequences as subtype B 19/48 (39.6%), subtype C 12/48 (25%), subtype F 4/48 (8.3%), with 13/48 (27.1%) recombinant forms. Most recombinant forms were B mosaics (B/F 12.5%, B/C 10.4%), with one C/F (2.1%) and one complex B/C/F mosaic (2.1%). Low levels of transmitted resistance were found in this study, 2/48 (2.1% to NRTIs and 2.1% for PI). This preliminary data may subsidize the monitoring of the HIV evolution in the region.

Toxocariasis in children attending a Public Health Service Pneumology Unit in Paraná State, Brazil

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the most widely used tool to detect anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies for both serodiagnostic and seroepidemiological surveys on human toxocariasis. In the last eight years a high prevalence of toxocariasis (32.2-56.0%) has been reported in children attending public health units from municipalities in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the aim of this work was to compare the frequency found among the general child population with that of children attending a public pneumology service in Maringá, Paraná, Brazil and describe the laboratorial, clinical and epidemiological findings. The research was conducted at the Consórcio Público Intermunicipal de Saúde do Setentrião Paranaense (CISAMUSEP) from July 2009 to July 2010 among children aged between one and 15 years. From a total of 167 children studied, only 4.2% (7/167) tested positive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies and presented mild eosinophilia (2/7), increased serum IgE levels (6/7) and a positive allergy test for mites (5/7). The presence of pets (dogs or cats) at home did not correlate with the seroprevalence. In conclusion, cases of toxocariasis involving the respiratory tract are rare in children attending a public health pneumology unit in the northwestern region of Paraná State, despite the high prevalence of this type of toxocariasis among the infantile population attending Basic Health Units in the same geographical area.

SEROLOGICAL DETECTION OF HEPATITIS A VIRUS IN FREE-RANGING NEOTROPICAL PRIMATES (Sapajus spp., Alouatta caraya) FROM THE PARANÁ RIVER BASIN, BRAZIL

Nonhuman primates are considered as the natural hosts of Hepatitis A virus (HAV), as well as other pathogens, and can serve as natural sentinels to investigate epizootics and endemic diseases that are of public health importance. During this study, blood samples were collected from 112 Neotropical primates (NTPs) (Sapajus nigritus and S. cay, n = 75; Alouatta caraya, n = 37) trap-captured at the Paraná River basin, Brazil, located between the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul. Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were detected in 4.5% (5/112) of NTPs, specifically in 6.7% (5/75) of Sapajus spp. and 0% (0/37) of A. caraya. In addition, all samples were negative for the presence of IgM anti-HAV antibodies. These results suggest that free-ranging NTPs were exposed to HAV within the geographical regions evaluated.

Resistência de cepa de Biomphalaria tenagophila, originária de Londrina (Paraná, Brasil) à infecção por duas cepas de Schistosoma mansoni

Exemplares de Biomphalaria tenagophila, originários de Londrina, mostraram-se resistentes à infecção por cepa simpátrica de Schistosoma mansoni e por cepa originária de Belo Horizonte (MG). Variando-se o diâmetro e a idade dos caramujos submetidos à infecção e aumentando-se o número de miracidios a que cada caramujo foi exposto, não se conseguiu obter cercárias de S. mansoni, 70 dias após a tentativa de infecção.

Tornando lean mais lean – uma nova abordagem da elaboração do mapeamento do fluxo de valor com base em sinergias lean construction e PMBOK

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau Mestre em Engenharia Civil – Perfil de Construção

Pesquisa de aglutininas antileptospira em diferentes grupos profissionais na cidade de Londrina, Paraná

Realizou-se um levantamento soroepidemiológico na cidade de Londrina - Paraná, para leptospirose, em 49 indivíduos não expostos a risco, 75 trabalhadores da limpeza pública, 55 indivíduos com atividade em ambiente hospitalar e 29 trabalhadores do Departamento de Água e Esgoto. Dos 208 soros analisados pela reação de soroaglutinação microscópica, 28,4% apresentaram aglutininas antileptospira. A maior positividade foi encontrada nos soros dos trabalhadores da limpeza pública (46,7%).

Os sistemas de informação geográfica aplicados à análise espacial para o mapeamento dos espaços verdes do Bairro do Cabula na cidade do Salvador – Bahia – Brasil

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Gestão do Território, área de especialização Detecção Remota e Sistemas de Informação Geográfica

Estudo sobre triatomíneos e reservatórios silvestres de Trypanosoma cruzi no estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil. Resultados preliminares

Em localidades da zona rural de cinco municípios da região noroeste do Paraná adultos e ninfas de Triatoma sordida foram capturados em 21 (41,2%) de 51 unidades domiciliares pesquisadas. Foram capturados 154 exemplares de T. sordida e 2 Panstrongylus megistus. De 135 exemplares examinados 58 (43,0%) apresentavam o Trypanosoma tipo cruzi. Constatou-se também a infecção em 57,1% (4/7) dos gambás (Didelphis sp) examinados. O peridomicílio apresentou-se mais infestado que o intradomicílio, sendo a casa de madeira abandonada a construção mais freqüente (34,7% do total investigado) e com maior taxa de infestação (53,9%). Os dados mostram um elevado índice de infestação da zona rural por espécies secundárias de triatomíneos com altas taxas de infecção por flagelados do tipo T. cruzi, em uma área endêmica para a doença de Chagas já em fase de vigilância epidemiológica.