ZZ -> l(+)l(-)nu(nu)overbar production in p(p)overbar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Measurement of sin(2)theta(l)(eff) and Z-light quark couplings using the forward-backward charge asymmetry in p(p)over-bar -> Z/gamma* -> e(+)e(-) events with L=5.0 fb(-1) at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Boa colocação da equação do calor semilinear em L^p-fraco

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Boa colocação da equação do calor semilinear em L^p-fraco

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Géographie botanique raisonnée; ou, Exposition des faits principaux et des lois concernant la distribution géographique des plantes de l'époque actuelle;

Paged continuously; v. 1: xxxii, 606 p.; v. 2: 2 p. l., [607]-1365, [1] p.

Catalogue de bons livres anciens et modernes et collection nombreuse d'épreuves photographiques reproduction des plus beaux tableaux et dessins des différents musées de l'Europe,

Preface signed: P.-L. Jacob, bibliophile [pseud. of Paul Lacroix]

A history of the valley of Virginia /

"The affecting history of the dreadful distresses of Frederick Manheim's family" : p. [411]-445.

Cost-effectiveness of a telephone-delivered intervention for physical activity and diet

Background: Given escalating rates of chronic disease, broad-reach and cost-effective interventions to increase physical activity and improve dietary intake are needed. The cost-effectiveness of a Telephone Counselling intervention to improve physical activity and diet, targeting adults with established chronic diseases in a low socio-economic area of a major Australian city was examined. Methodology/Principal Findings: A cost-effectiveness modelling study using data collected between February 2005 and November 2007 from a cluster-randomised trial that compared Telephone Counselling with a “Usual Care” (brief intervention) alternative. Economic outcomes were assessed using a state-transition Markov model, which predicted the progress of participants through five health states relating to physical activity and dietary improvement, for ten years after recruitment. The costs and health benefits of Telephone Counselling, Usual Care and an existing practice (Real Control) group were compared. Telephone Counselling compared to Usual Care was not cost-effective ($78,489 per quality adjusted life year gained). However, the Usual Care group did not represent existing practice and is not a useful comparator for decision making. Comparing Telephone Counselling outcomes to existing practice (Real Control), the intervention was found to be cost-effective ($29,375 per quality adjusted life year gained). Usual Care (brief intervention) compared to existing practice (Real Control) was also cost-effective ($12,153 per quality adjusted life year gained). Conclusions/Significance: This modelling study shows that a decision to adopt a Telephone Counselling program over existing practice (Real Control) is likely to be cost-effective. Choosing the ‘Usual Care’ brief intervention over existing practice (Real Control) shows a lower cost per quality adjusted life year, but the lack of supporting evidence for efficacy or sustainability is an important consideration for decision makers. The economics of behavioural approaches to improving health must be made explicit if decision makers are to be convinced that allocating resources toward such programs is worthwhile.

Pig effluent-P application can increase risk of P transport: two case studies

Land application of piggery effluent (containing urine, faeces, water, and wasted feed) is under close scrutiny as a potential source of water resource contamination with phosphorus (P). This paper investigates two case studies of the impact of long-term piggery effluent-P application to soil. A Natrustalf (Sodosol) at P1 has received a net load of 3700 kg effluent P/ha over 19 years. The Haplustalf (Dermosol) selected (P2) has received a net load of 310 000 kg P/ha over 30 years. Total, bicarbonate extractable, and soluble P forms were determined throughout the soil profiles for paired (irrigated and unirrigated) sites at P1 and P2, as well as P sorption and desorption characteristics. Surface bicarbonate (PB, 0 - 0.05 m depth) and dilute CaCl2 extractable molybdate-reactive P (PC) have been significantly elevated by effluent irrigation (P1: PB unirrigated 23±1, irrigated 290±6; PC unirrigated 0.03±0.00, irrigated 23.9±0.2. P2: PB unirrigated 72±48, irrigated 3950±1960; PC unirrigated 0.7±0.0, irrigated 443±287 mg P/kg; mean±s.d.). Phosphorus enrichment to 1.5 m, detected as PB, was observed at P2. Elevated concentrations of CaCl2 extractable organic P forms (POC; estimated by non-molybdate reactive P in centrifuged supernatants) were observed from the soil surface of P1 to a depth of 0.4 m. Despite the extent of effluent application at both of these sites, only P1 displayed evidence of significant accumulation of POC. The increase in surface soil total P (0 - 0.05 m depth) due to effluent irrigation was much greater than laboratory P sorption (>25 times for P1; >57 times for P2) for a comparable range of final solution concentrations (desorption extracts ranged from 1-5 mg P/L for P1 and 50-80 mg P/L for P2). Precipitation of sparingly soluble P phases was evidenced in the soils of the P2 effluent application area.

Kinetic decomposition of Ni2SiO4 in oxygen potential gradients

Nickel orthosilicate (Ni2SiO4) has been found to decompose into its component binary oxides in oxygen potential gradients at 1373 K. Nickel oxide was formed at the high oxygen potential boundary, while silica was detected at the low oxygen potential side. Significant porosity and fissures were observed near the Ni2SiO4/SiO2 interface and the SiO2 layer. The critical oxygen partial pressure ratio required for decomposition varied from 1.63 to 2.15 as the oxygen pressures were altered from 1.01 ⊠ 105 to 2.7X 10−4 Pa, well above the dissociation pressure of Ni2SiO4. Platinum markers placed at the boundaries of the Ni2SiO4 sample indicated growth of NiO at the higher oxygen potential boundary, without any apparent transport of material to the low oxygen potential side. However, significant movement of the bulk Ni2SiO4 crystal with respect to the marker was not observed. The decomposition of the silicate occurs due to the unequal rates of transport of Ni and Si. The critical oxygen partial pressure ratio required for decomposition is related both to the thermodynamic stability of Ni2SiO4 with respect to component oxides and the ratio of diffusivities of nickel and silicon. Kinetic decomposition of multicomponent oxides, first discovered by Schmalzried, Laqua, and co-workers [H. Schmalzried, W. Laqua, and P. L. Lin, Z. Natur Forsch. Teil A 34, 192 (1979); H. Schmalzried and W. Laqua, Oxid. Met. 15, 339 (1981); W. Laqua and H. Schmalzried, Chemical Metallurgy—A Tribute to Carl Wagner (Metallurgical Society of the AIME, New York, 1981), p. 29] has important consequences for their use at high temperatures and in geochemistry.

The Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in L-DOPA Induced Dyskinesia in 6-Hydroxydopamine Lesioned Rats

14 p.

Part I. Synthesis of L-amino acid oxidase by a serine- or glycine-requiring strain of neurospora. Part II. Studies concerning multiple electrophoretic forms of tyrosinase in neurospora

<p>Part I: Synthesis of L-Amino Acid Oxidase by a Serine- or Glycine-Requiring Strain of Neurosporap> <p>Wild-type cultures of Neurospora crassa growing on minimal medium contain low levels of L-amino acid oxidase, tyrosinase, and nicotinarnide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrase (NADase). The enzymes are derepressed by starvation and by a number of other conditions which are inhibitory to growth. L-amino acid oxidase is, in addition, induced by growth on amino acids. A mutant which produces large quantities of both L-amino acid oxidase and NADase when growing on minimal medium was investigated. Constitutive synthesis of L-amino acid oxidase was shown to be inherited as a single gene, called P110, which is separable from constitutive synthesis of NADase. P110 maps near the centromere on linkage group IV.p> <p>L-amino acid oxidase produced constitutively by P110 was partially purified and compared to partially purified L-amino acid oxidase produced by derepressed wild-type cultures. The enzymes are identical with respect to thermostability and molecular weight as judged by gel filtration.p> <p>The mutant P110 was shown to be an incompletely blocked auxotroph which requires serine or glycine. None of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of serine from 3-phosphoglyceric acid or glyceric acid was found to be deficient in the mutant, however. An investigation of the free intracellular amino acid pools of P110 indicated that the mutant is deficient in serine, glycine, and alanine, and accumulates threonine and homoserine.p> <p>The relationship between the amino acid requirement of P110 and its synthesis of L-amino acid oxidase is discussed.p> <p>Part II: Studies Concerning Multiple Electrophoretic Forms of Tyrosinase in Neurosporap> <p>Supernumerary bands shown by some crude tyrosinase preparations in paper electrophoresis were investigated. Genetic analysis indicated that the location of the extra bands is determined by the particular T allele present. The presence of supernumerary bands varies with the method used to derepress tyrosinase production, and with the duration of derepression. The extra bands are unstable and may convert to the major electrophoretic band, suggesting that they result from modification of a single protein. Attempts to isolate the supernumerary bands by continuous flow paper electrophoresis or density gradient zonal electrophoresis were unsuccessful.p>

Demographic characteristics of exploited tropical lutjanids: a comparative analysis

Demographic parameters from seven exploited coral reef lutjanid species were compared as a case study of the implications of intrafamily variation in life histories for multispecies harvest management. Modal lengths varied by 4 cm among four species (Lutjanus fulviflamma, L. vitta, L. carponotatus, L. adetii), which were at least 6 cm smaller than the modal lengths of the largest species (L. gibbus, Symphorus nematophorus, Aprion virescens). Modal ages, indicating ages of full selection to fishing gear, were 10 years or less for all species, but maximum ages ranged from 12 (L. gibbus) to 36 years (S. nematophorus). Each species had a unique growth pattern, with differences in length-at-age and mean asymptotic fork length (L∞), but smaller species generally grew fast during the first 1–2 years of life and larger species grew more slowly over a longer period. Total mortality rates varied among species; L. gibbus had the highest mortality and L. fulviflamma, the lowest mortality. The variability in life history strategies of these tropical lutjanids makes generalizations about lutjanid life histories difficult, but the fact that all seven had characteristics that would make them particularly vulnerable to fishing indicates that harvest of tropical lutjanids should be managed with caution.

Sex-specific growth and mortality, spawning season, and female maturation of the stripey bass (Lutjanus carponotatus) on the Great Barrrier Reef

Sex-specific demography and reproductive biology of stripey bass (Lutjanus carponotatus) (also known as Spanish flag snapper, FAO) were examined at the Palm and Lizard island groups, Great Barrier Reef (GBR).Total mortality rates were similar between the sexes. Males had larger L∞ at both island groups and Lizard Island group fish had larger overall L∞. Female:male sex ratios were 1.3 and 1.1 at the Palm and Lizard island groups, respectively. The former is statistically different from 1, but is unlikely significantly different in a biological sense. Females matured on average at 2 years of age and 190 mm fork length at both locations. Female gonadal lipid body indices peaked from August through October, preceding peak gonadosomatic indices in October, November, and December that were twice as great as in any other month. However, ovarian staging revealed 50% or more ovaries were ripe from September through February, suggesting a more protracted spawning season and highlighting the different interpretations that can arise between gonad weight and gonad staging methods. Gonadosomatic index increases slightly with body size and larger fish have a longer average spawning season, which suggests that larger fish produce greater relative reproductive output. Lizard Island group females had ovaries nearly twice as large as Palm Island group females at a given body size. However, it is unclear whether this reflects spatial differences akin to those observed in growth or effects of sampling Lizard Island group fish closer to their date of spawning. These results support an existing 250 mm minimum size limit for L. carponotatus on the GBR, as well as the timing of a proposed October through December spawning closure for the fishery. The results also caution against assessing reef-fish stocks without reference to sex-, size-, and location-specific biological traits.

植物N;P���量化学：中国高等之外的分异规律与野外试验初步验证

元素化学计量学指从化学计量学的角度出发，通过分析比较生命物质不同结构层次（分子、细胞、器官、机体、种群、群落等）或生态系统中元素的相对比值，来研究各层次相互之间以及生态学过程中元素之间的关系。生态化学计量学研究可以把生态实体的各个层次存元素水平上统一起来，足近年来新兴的一个生态学研究领域，广泛应用于生态学研究中。C，N，P���生物地球化学循环中的重要元素，在生态系统中占有重要地位，许多环境问题都与它们有关，由此这三种元素的化学计量学受到生态学家们的普遍关注。C:N:P���学计量学在水生生态系统中研究较为深入，目前已发展到染色体水平，而在陆地生态系统中的研究较为匮乏近年来由于人类活动的强烈影响，这三种元素的循环在速度和规模上都发生了前所未有的改变，导致一系列环境问题的出现，因此C：N:P���学计量学在陆地生态系统中的研究就显得尤为重要。作为地球生命存在基础的绿色植物，在地球上已有数亿年的演化历史，研究陆地植物的元素化学计量学不仅有助于深入了解植物存在于地球上的内在机制，而且可以为许多环境问题的解决提供理论依据。本文首先建立中国不同地区植物氮磷含量数据库，通过数据分析找出一般规律，并进一步揭示植物不同进化阶段N:P���学计量比的变化规律。在此基础上，通过在内蒙古羊草草原设立不同施肥样地来模拟自然界不同氮磷环境，从试验水平上研究不同施肥处理及施肥梯度下生态系统中氮、磷、有机质的变化规律，并从化学计量学角度研究其内在机制。 利州新建成的中国维管植物数据库（包含1603种植物）研究了不同进化水平以及不同功能群（生活型）间植物N:P���的变化规律，并沿胡焕庸线（胡线）把中团分为为东西两部分，从总体水平上对比了东、西部间叫植物氮磷含量以及N：P���异同。结果表明：l）从演化水平来看，尽管氮磷含量表现出极大的差异，除豆科植物外，植物N：P���本保持稳定水平;2）木本植物与草本植物的N：P���差异．显著，木本植物之间（常绿乔木，常绿灌木，落叶乔木，落叶灌木）N：P���具有显著差异;3）中国东西部植物养分含量和N：P���表现出极显著差异，东部的养分含量低于西部，而N:P���著高于西部。 在内蒙古羊草草原两块永久实验样地（样地A：1980年围封样地和样地B：1999年田封样地）进行了为期两年的N素和P���添加试验。氮素添加梯度为0，5，15，30，50，80 g NHN03.m.2.yr-1。P���添加梯度为0，2，4，8，16，and 32 g P2Osm-2 yr-1（仪分析了羊草器官的结果）。分别从植物器官、物种、功能群水平研究了N素添加对N:P���学计量学的影响，此外还研究了土壤和凋落物C：N:P���学计量学对N素添加的响应。结合生物量的变化趋势，探讨了元素化学计量学对养分状况的指示作用。 1．羊草器官对施肥的响应结果表明，添加N素可以显著提高羊草器官中的含N量，p���可以显著提高器官中的含P���：除2001年样地A中的根茎外，根茎中的含P���基本不受N素添加的影响;茎中的含P���同样表现出不受N素添加影响的趋势（2000年B区茎除外）：N素添加可以显著增大羊草叶片中的含P���(B区2000年叶片除外)。P���添加对羊草器官的含N量没有影响;羊草器官中的氮磷含量施肥处理下表现出显著的正相关关系（N素添加下B区叶片除外）。N素添加对羊草器官的N:P���没有显著影响（A区茎2000年和B区叶片2000年除外）：P���添加显著降低了羊草器官中的N:P���。 2．四种优势植物（羊草、羽茅、针茅和苔草）地上生物量和N:P���学计量学对氮肥的响应研究发现，四个物种的氮磷含量均具有极显著相关关系;氮肥可以显著提高样地A中的羽茅生物量，降低苔草的生物量，而使样地B中的羊草生物量增大;两块样地中，四个物种的氮磷含量及N：P���均随N素水平的增高而增大（样地A中的羽茅N:P���除外）。 3．基于生活型划分的功能群（多年生根茎禾草，多年生丛生禾草，豆科植物，多年生杂类草，一二年生植物，灌木和半灌木）对N素添加的响应研究表明：施N可以提高样地A中的多年生丛生禾草的生物量，而使样地B中的多年生根苇禾草增加;多年生杂类草的相对多度在两个样地中均随施氨水平的增加而显著 降低：在样地B中，施氮可以显著提高不同功能群的氮磷含量;在样地A中，功能群N、P���量对施肥的响应并没有一致的变化规律，添加N素可以显著提高不同功能群的含N量（豆科植物除外），多年生根茎禾草和多年生杂类草的P���量有显著增大的趋势（P < 0.005），而其它功能群（豆科植物、灌木和小半灌木、多年生杂类草和～二年生杂类草）的P���量基本恒定（P>0.05）;在样地A中，多年生丛生禾草，多年生杂类草，一二年生植物，灌木和半灌木的N：P���随施氨水平的增加而显著增大，多年生根茎禾草和豆科植物的N:P���基本不变;在样地B中，多年生丛生禾草的N:P���随施氨水平的增加而显著增大，多年生根茎禾草、多年生杂类草和…二年生杂类草不受施氨水平的影响。 4．添加N素对根实验结果表明：两块样地中，上层根(0-10 cm)的生物量仅在施N后第一年显著增加，而下层根(10-20 cm)的地下生物量在两年的施N处理下均不受施肥梯度的影响i在样地A中，施肥后第一年对根的N、P���量影响不显著，施肥后第二年可以显著增大上层根的N、P���量;在样地B中，添加N素后第一年可以显著增大根的含P���; 在两个样地中，两年的N肥处理对根的N：P���没有显著影响：在施氨处理中，根的N、P���量及N:P���在施肥第一年的响应要高于第二年。 5．所有处理中，上层土壤(O-lO cm)养分含量（有机碳，全氮，全磷）均高于下层土壤（10-20 cm）;在样地A中，氮素添加对r十壤有机碳没有显著性作用，在施肥第一年可以显著增加上层土壤的N、P���量，而在施肥后第二年对土壤N、P���量没有显著影响;在样地B中，添加N素对两年的土壤养分均没有显著影响：养分添加两个样地土壤中的元素比值（C:N比，C:P���，N:P���）没有显著影响;土壤养分对施N一年后的响应要高于第二年。 6．养分添加对凋落物化学特征及化学计量学特征的影响研究结果表明：凋落物现存量不受施肥的影响;2001年凋落物现存量与2000年和2001年的地上生物量相关关系不显著;添加N素可以显著提高凋落物的N含量，而对有机碳含量和P���量没有显著影响;凋落物C：N比随施肥梯度的增大而显著降低，N:P���显著增高，而C:P���没有明显变化。 以上研究结果表明，不同植物功能群的N:P���存在差异，人类活动强烈影响自然植被中的植物N：P���;但植物的N：P���不受植物进化的影响（豆科植物除外）;由于植物已有数亿年的演化历史，同时N与P���植物的结构和功能上具有密切的联系，在生物地球化学循环中办存在耦合作用。因此植物N：P���值恒定可能是一普适性规律。 N素添加试验表明，在植物根、地上器官、物种和功能群水平上N与P���呈显著正相关关系，反映了植物体内的氮磷含量具有协同作用。共存种对N肥的响应不同，表明物种受不同元素的制约。因此除非把生态系统中所有物种对施肥的响应刻画清楚，笼统的认定生态系统缺乏某种元素是不适当的。 施肥试验表明，两种围封时间样地的主要限制性元素不同。极度退化(样地B)植物生长主要缺N，而在保护较好样地(样地A)，P���逐步成为一种限制因素。反映了随着保护时间的增加，植物生长逐渐由N限制型向N、P���同限制型过渡。添加的养分要么被植物吸收，挥发到大气中，或以凋落物的形式返还到土壤表层。但是对养分的预算有待于进一步研究。土壤中的养分含量对N素添加有…个滞后效应，而植物响应较为迅速。功能群N:P���在施肥实验中不能保持恒定，可能是由于实验时间较短的缘故;化学计量学的研究表明羊草草原分解凋落物的微生物受P���的制约，可能是由于植物体内具有高的P���再转运机制。这一结论有待于进一步的验证。氮肥降低了凋落物的C:N比，因此凋落物的分解速率可能将要发生改变。这需要进一步开展C循环的研究。