Pragas e inimigos naturais na soja e no milho cultivados em sistemas diversificados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência das épocas de cultivo e do estabelecimento do consórcio na produção de tomate e alface consorciados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

An Innovative Crop-Forage Intercrop System: Early Cycle Soybean Cultivars and Palisadegrass

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Consórcio de espécies nativas da floresta estacional semidecidual com mandioca (Manihot sculenta Crantz) para restauração de mata ciliar

Intercropping of trees and annual crops could be an important alternative for promoting forest restoration in small farms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the intercropping of cassava (Manihot sculenta Crantz) with native trees for restoration of natural forest in riparian areas in the western São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications for comparing two restoration systems: pure afforestation and afforestation intercropped with cassava. It was evaluated the variables related to seedling development (height, crown diameter, crown cover, and height/crown diameter ratio), mortality and the economic impact were assessed for using cassava. No differences were found between treatments for any dendrometrical variable and mortality. Economic impact of the intercroppoing treatment was positive because costs for establishment of intercropped system were partially reduced by the income from the cassava crop, which covered 32% of total costs. Cassava income made final costs 19% lesser than restoration in the pure afforestation system.

Interferência de Brachiaria Ruziziensis sobre plantas daninhas em sistema de consórcio com milho

Regarding tropical forage plants, the specie Brachiaria ruziziensis are prominence for to be most acceptable for cattle when compared with others Brachiaria species, besides the excellent competitive ability with weeds. Then, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Brachiaria ruziziensis density in intercropping with corn crop, about weeds control and weeds development in the crop-cattle integration system. The experiment was realized during the period between December/2007 to May/2008, in the experimental area of Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba - SP. The treatment was composed in a factorial arrangement, by combination of four Brachiaria ruziziensis density (0, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha(-1)) and three weed species ((Ipomoea grandifolia, Digitaria horizontalis e Cenchrus echinatus), in intercropping with corn crop. The evaluations realized were: weed infestation (density m(-2)), the dry biomass (g plant(-1)) and leaf area (cm(2) plant(-1)). It was noted that Brachiaria ruziziensis reduced the all of weeds infestation evaluated. Also, it was checked that Digitaria horizontalis and Ipomoea grandifolia were the weeds with most difficult control.

Épocas de consórcio de alho com beterraba perante três manejos do mato sobre a produtividade e o lucro

The research was carried out with intercropped cultivation of garlic and beet, in Caçador, SC, Brazil. Four seeding epochs for beet (0, 15, 30 and 45 days after garlic planting) and three management systems for weeds (with herbicides, without control and with frequent weeding) were tested. It was hoped to determine the effects of this intercropping, in time and space, seeking the benefits in .weed control, efficient land use, productivity, commercial quality, and profitability. The randomized block design was in split-plots. The epochs represented the plots, and the management, the subplots, with four replicates. Napromide at 750 g/ha did not cause symptoms of intoxication in the garlic plants, nor in the beet. All the treatments in epochs at the initiation of intercropping, in three management systems for weeds, presented efficient land use values greater than 1. The profitability of the intercropping of garlic and beet only became evident in the management involving frequent weeding; in all epochs, profits were greater than for the respective epochs of monoculture of beet and monoculture of garlic.

Comportamento do cafeeiro apoatã em consórcio com culturas anuais

This study was conducted in Adamantina, region of Alta Paulista, São Paulo State, Brazil, from 1989 to 1993. Yield of Apoatã coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) was evaluated during four years of intercropping with five plant species: IAC 20 - cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.); cv. Tatu - peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.); IAC 165 - rice (Oryza sativa L.); cv. Guarani - castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and IAC 100-B - corn (Zea mays L.). The crops were seeded 50 cm apart from coffee canopy. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with five replications. Yield was significantly decreased when coffee was intercropped with castor bean, corn, cotton and peanut, but height and diameter of orthotropic branches were not affected. Linear correlation analysis showed that coffee yield was inversely correlated with the dry biomass of the intercrops.

Produção de Brachiaria brizantha e Panicum maximum com milho e adubação nitrogenada

In places characterized with high temperatures and rain occurrence in great intensity in the summer, but with dry winter, the major limitations for the sustainability of no tillage systems are low production of straw during fall-spring period and the fast decomposition during the rain season. To try to solve the problem, intercropped cultures of grains with forage species has presented reliable results; because offer vegetal covering to the next sowing, giving sustainability to the no tillage system. However, being a recent technology, its needed further studies in different areas involved for this system of production. Thus, this study had the objective 1) to evaluate the production of corn grain at different periods of intercropping with Brachiaria brizantha and Panicum maximum in no tillage system, and 2) aimed to evaluate the performance of forage at different periods of intercropping and the responses to nitrogen fertilization after the harvest of the corn, assessing mass productivity and quality. The experiment was carried out at the Lageado experimental farm, School of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu campus belonged to São Paulo State University (UNESP) in structuralized Red Nitosol (Afisol). The experimental design was randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments were composed for four systems of no tillage involving corn: 1) single corn; 2) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped in the sowing; 3) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu intercropped with the fertilization of covering; 4) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped in the sowing and 5) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça intercropped with the fertilization of covering. After the harvest of the corn, it was applied, in equivalent quantities of nitrogen, ammonium nitrate in covering in doses of 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1, determining the forage mass productivity and quality. The simultaneous tillage of corn with P. maximum cv. Mombaça in the sowing compromises the grain productivity. When sowed in intercropping, B. brizantha presents a fiber concentration reduction and greater TDN concentration during the fall-spring period. Regarding benefits of intercropped cultures seeking to use in systems of production like agriculture-pasture integration, the best intercropping to be utilized is corn sown simultaneously with B. brizantha cv. Marandu.

Consórcio de milho com Urochloa ruziziensis e os efeitos na cultura da soja em rotação

This work aimed to study the intercropping of corn and Urochloa ruziziensis cv. Common, regarding to vegetative growth and corn yield, capacity of production of forage dry matter, the infestation of weeds and the effect of this system of production in the soybean crop in rotation. Two forms of sowing (hand-sowing and on-line sowing) of U. ruziziensis, four amounts of seeds (200, 400, 600 e 800 points of cultural value, PCV = quantities of seeds x cultural value) and one treatment additional with the single corn were studied. The intercropping did not affect negatively the vegetative growth and corn yield when compared to the single corn. The sowing of 200 PCV of U. ruziziensis seeds, hand-sowed and on-line sowed to 22 days after of sowing of the corn was enough for the maintenance of adequate amount of straw on the soil. At the moment of the harvest of the corn, the dry matter of weed reduced with the increase of the amount of U. ruziziensis seeds and was bigger when the forager was hand-sowed. In the soybean crop in rotation, the density and dry matter of weed reduced linearly with the increase of the amount of U. ruziziensis seeds used in the first year of the research. The intercropping of corn and U. ruziziensis in the first year of the experiment benefited the plants population, plants height and yield of soybean when compared to the monoculture of corn in the same period.

Indices of competition and bio-agroeconomic efficiency of lettuce and tomato intercrops in greenhouses

Intercropping is a cropping system for the production of greenhouse vegetables. It uses space more efficiently, thus reducing the cost of production. Intercropping tomato and lettuce has not been studied, but knowledge of the competitive and agroeconomic indices of these vegetables can help in the management of the intercropping system. The objectives of this study were to assess, through biological and agroeconomic indices, the competition between species and the profitability of intercropping tomato and lettuce at different times of transplantation over two growing seasons (autumn-winter and summer-winter) in greenhouse conditions. In autumn-winter, two experiments were conducted with a randomised complete-block design and five replicates. Tomato and lettuce were the main crops in the individual experiments. Treatments were arranged in a factorial of two cropping systems (intercropping and individual crops) with four transplants of the secondary crop (0, 10, 20 and 30 days after) plus an additional treatment (individual main crop). These two experiments were repeated in summer-winter. Tomato was the dominant crop regardless of transplant order. Intercropping systems established with transplants of both species on the same day had higher values of indices of competition and bio-agroeconomic efficiency than systems with longer periods of transplants between main and secondary crops. The intercropping of lettuce and tomato in greenhouses, regardless of transplant time or order, had bio-agroeconomic advantages over individual crops. The transplantation of tomato after lettuce is recommended for greater profitability.

Milho e Brachiaria decumbens em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Emabaúba como reservatório para ácaros predadores e hospedeiro alternativo para o percevejo-de-renda em cultivo de seringueira, no estado de São Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adubação nitrogenada da cultura do milho consorciada com plantas de cobertura no sistema de semeadura direta

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

Integração agricultura-pecuária do milho consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha em sistema de plantio direto

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alelopatia e potencialidade do consórcio entre rúcula e capim-cidreira

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Horticultura) - FCA