Espectroscopia mecânica em ruteno-cupratos: mobilidade de vacâncias de oxigênio intersticial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Brasil rural nas obras de Monteiro Lobato nas décadas de 1910 a 1930

Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC

Modelagem e controle de sistemas fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Estudo do comportamento dos aços ferramentas soldados em fadiga

Sabendo-se que a fadiga é uma redução gradual da capacidade de carga do componente pela ruptura lenta e gradual do material. E que este defeito decorre do avanço infinitesimal de microtrincas, que se formam no interior do material, imperceptível a olho nu, como também é notório que a presença dos elementos de liga nos aços, propicia alterações nas propriedades metalurgias e mecânicas no material, aplicado à obra. Por outro lado, ao ser submetido a processamentos dos mais diversos, os mesmos, deformam nas zonas elásticas, plásticas e ao fim rompem-se. Ressaltando-se o objetivo deste estudo, destina se abordar as uniões soldadas, nos estágios em que ficam sujeitas a altas temperaturas e resfriam sem controle, até a temperatura ambiente. Ao fim, são solicitados por carregamentos cíclicos constantes ou alternados. Nesta particularidade, espera-se detectar mudanças estruturais profundas na Zona Termicamente Afetada – ZTA, em razão do superaquecimento sofrido, tanto na proximidade do ponto central da poça de fusão como na região localizada na vizinhança. Como não dispomos de parâmetros suficientes e necessários ao controle destas alterações, propomos analisar a ZTA da junta soldada, com a finalidade de avaliar o comportamento metalúrgico e suas implicações causadas pelas interações gás-metal. Analisar os efeitos resultantes do triangulo formado pelo material base aço AISI/SAE 4340, SAE 1020 chanfrados em V e o eletrodo revestido E-6013. A análise da estrutura será realizada pelas técnicas de ensaio metalográfico usando o método da microscopia óptica – MO o qual é de ampla difusão nas comunicações técnicas e cientificas, através das quais, distinguirão as transformações multifásicas. Transformações estas, distintas pelas transformações das austenitas diretas em martensitas sem passar pelas ferritas e perlitas. Com estas identidades, o metalógrafo pode caracterizar e predizer as reações futuras das estruturas mediante a análise das solicitações, a que possam estar submetidas. Para analisar o comportamento em fadiga dos materiais em questão, adota-se como parâmetro auxiliar, o ensaio do pêndulo de Charpy. Portanto, pelos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que as estruturas são comprometidas por tensões internas em conseqüência fragilizam, mas o procedimento de soldagem pode ser adotado, seguido de recozimento para alivio de tensões, se não fizer trincas.

Sistematização de projetos de controladores fuzzy através de programação orientada a objetos

Através do uso da programação em linguagem orientada a objetos e, aplicando-se uma técnica de programação específica, é possível gerar um conjunto de classes genéricas cujos objetos representam cada bloco de um controlador fuzzy e também suas variáveis linguísticas. Tais classes, sendo aplicadas de forma sistemática, facilitam a programação de uma variedade de controladores desta natureza. Este trabalho apresenta a referida técnica e mostra os resultados obtidos através de um modelo simulado de um pêndulo rotacional invertido que é controlado por um sistema de controle composto por três controladores fuzzy, projetados e construídos sob este ponto de vista.

Influência da adição de reforço e ciclagem mecânica na resistência ao impacto de resinas para base e para reembasamento imediato

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da robustez e aplicações de controle com modos deslizantes em sistemas incertos com atraso no controle

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

On nonlinear dynamics and control of a robotic arm with chaos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Oxygen mobility in Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu:O ceramic measured using anelastic relaxation methods

Since the discovery of YBaCuO, experiments have shown that its superconducting properties are strongly affected by the oxygen content. More recently, anelastic relaxation measurements in La2CuO4+δ, showed that the decrease in the oxygen content can be related to two events. One is the decrease in mobility between two adjacent CuO planes, and the other is the increase in the number of tilting patterns of the CuO6 octahedra. In the case of the bismuth-based ceramic, it is known that the oxygen content, within some limits, does not affect its superconducting properties. In order to evaluate the mobility and the effect of the oxygen content on this material we have prepared BSCCO ceramic and tested regarding its internal friction and electrical resistivity as a function of the temperature while the oxygen content was being reduced by a sequence of vacuum annelaing at 620 K. The samples were prepared in the Bi:Sr:Ca:Cu = 2212 and 2223 proportion, using powder obtained by the sol-gel route and conventional solid state reaction. The anelastic relaxation measurements were performed using a torsion pendulum operating with frequency about 15-35 Hz between 77 to 700 K. The diffraction pattern of the as sintered and the vacuum annealed material were also presented. The results have shown complex anelastic relaxation structures that were associated to the jump of interstitial oxygen atoms between two adjacent CuO planes. The vacuum annealing showed to be deleterious to the critical temperature of the superconducting ceramic.

Oxygen Interstitial Dynamics in Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) Oxides Measured by Mechanical Spectroscopy

Many researchers became interested in the discovery of Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) oxides with critical temperature of around 80 K. It is known that the critical temperature is related to the CuO2 planes of the material. For this reason, the study of the interstitial oxygen in these oxides is of great relevance. The samples were prepared by means of conventional solid state reactions, through the stoichiometric mixture of precursory powders. After the sinterization, the samples were submitted to measurements of density, electrical resistivity, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy, with the objective of performing their characterization. The measurements of mechanical spectroscopy were performed by a torsion pendulum. The results show three relaxation processes in the temperature range of 200 and 700 K, with activation energy of approximately 0.9 eV, which has been attributed to the dynamics of the interstitial oxygen present in the material.

Determinações territoriais da agricultura mundializada: a soja nos espaços rurais e urbanos de Uruçuí-PI

Pós-graduação em Geografia - IGCE

Dynamic stabilization of Rayleigh-Taylor instability of ablation fronts in inertial confinement fusion

One of the most important problems in inertial confinement fusion is how to find a way to mitigate the onset of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability which arises in the ablation front during the compression. In this thesis it is studied in detail the possibility of using for such a purpose the well-known mechanism of dynamic stabilization, already applied to other dynamical systems such as the inverted pendulum. In this context, a periodic acceleration superposed to the background gravity generates a vertical vibration of the ablation front itself. The effects of different driving modulations (Dirac deltas and square waves) are analyzed from a theoretical point of view, with a focus on stabilization of ion beam driven ablation fronts, and a comparison is made, in order to look for optimization.

Kalman Filter approaches on crane swing

The purpose of this study is to explore a Kalman Filter approach to estimating swing of crane-suspended loads. Measuring real-time swing is needed to implement swing damping control strategies where crane joints are used to remove energy from a swinging load. The typical solution to measuring swing uses an inertial sensor attached to the hook block. Measured hook block twist is used to resolve the other two sensed body rates into tangential and radial swing. Uncertainty in the twist measurement leads to inaccurate tangential and radial swing calculations and ineffective swing damping. A typical mitigation approach is to bandpass the inertial sensor readings to remove low frequency drift and high frequency noise. The center frequency of the bandpass filter is usually designed to track the load length and the pass band width set to trade off performance with damping loop gain. The Kalman Filter approach developed here allows all swing motions (radial, tangential and twist) to be measured without the use of a bandpass filter. This provides an alternate solution for swing damping control implementation. After developing a Kalman Filter solution for a two-dimensional swing scenario, the three-dimensional system is considered where simplifying assumptions, suggested by the two-dimensional study, are exploited. One of the interesting aspects of the three-dimensional study is the hook block twist model. Unlike the mass-independence of a pendulum's natural frequency, the twist natural frequency depends both on the pendulum length and the load’s mass distribution. The linear Kalman Filter is applied to experimental data demonstrating the ability to extract the individual swing components for complex motions. It should be noted that the three-dimensional simplifying assumptions preclude the ability to measure two "secondary" hook block rotations. The ability to segregate these motions from the primary swing degrees of freedom was illustrated in the two-dimensional study and could be included into the three-dimensional solution if they were found to be important for a particular application.

Quantifying the periodicty of Inter Movement Intervals of Leg Movements

ims: Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are a frequent finding in polysomnography. Most patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) display PLMS. However, since PLMS are also often recorded in healthy elderly subjects, the clinical significance of PLMS is still discussed controversially. Leg movements are seen concurrently with arousals in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may also appear periodically. Quantitative assessment of the periodicity of LM/PLM as measured by inter movement intervals (IMI) is difficult. This is mainly due to influencing factors like sleep architecture and sleep stage, medication, inter and intra patient variability, the arbitrary amplitude and sequence criteria which tend to broaden the IMI distributions or make them even multi-modal. Methods: Here a statistical method is presented that enables eliminating such effects from the raw data before analysing the statistics of IMI. Rather than studying the absolute size of IMI (measured in seconds) we focus on the shape of their distribution (suitably normalized IMI). To this end we employ methods developed in Random Matrix Theory (RMT). Patients: The periodicity of leg movements (LM) of four patient groups (10 to 15 each) showing LM without PLMS (group 1), OSA without PLMS (group 2), PLMS and OSA (group 3) as well as PLMS without OSA (group 4) are compared. Results: The IMI of patients without PLMS (groups 1 and 2) and with PLMS (groups 3 and 4) are statistically different. In patients without PLMS the distribution of normalized IMI resembles closely the one of random events. In contrary IMI of PLMS patients show features of periodic systems (e.g. a pendulum) when studied in normalized manner. Conclusions: For quantifying PLMS periodicity proper normalization of the IMI is crucial. Without this procedure important features are hidden when grouping LM/PLM over whole nights or across patients. The clinical significance of PLMS might be eluded when properly separating random LM from LM that show features of periodic systems.

The influence of striking object characteristics on the impact energy.

A common form of violence investigated in legal medicine is blunt trauma caused by striking with different objects. The injuries and medical consequences have been widely examined, whereas the forces and especially the energies acting on impact have rarely been analyzed. This study focuses on how the impact energy of different striking objects depends on their characteristics. A total of 1170 measurements of horizontal strikes against a static and relatively heavy pendulum have been acquired with 13 volunteers. The main focus was laid on how the weight, the length, and the center of mass of the different striking objects influenced the striking energy. The results show average impact energies in the range of 67.3 up to 311.5 J for men with an optimum weight of about 1.3 kg with its center of mass in the far end quarter for a 1-m-long striking object. The average values for women range from 30 to 202.6 J, with an optimum weight between 1.65 and 2.2 kg and similar settings for the center of mass as the men. Also, the impact energies are getting higher with shorter object lengths and reach a maximum at a length of about 0.3 to 0.4 m. The male volunteers' impact energy was on average by 84.2 % higher than the values of the female volunteers, where the impact masses were very similar and the impact velocities played the key role.