Institucionalidad pública y políticas ambientales explícitas e implícitas

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Competencia y regulación en el sector de la banca en Guatemala

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Impact of complex NOTCH1 mutations on survival in paediatric T-cell leukaemia

Background: Molecular alterations occur frequently in T-ALL and the potential impact of those abnormalities on outcome is still controversial. The current study aimed to test whether NOTCH1 mutations and additional molecular abnormalities would impact T-ALL outcome in a series of 138 T-ALL paediatric cases. Methods: T-ALL subtypes, status of SIL-TAL1 fusion, ectopic expression of TLX3, and mutations in FBXW7, KRAS, PTEN and NOTCH1 were assessed as overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) prognostic factors. OS and EFS were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: The frequencies of mutations were 43.5% for NOTCH1, while FBXW7, KRAS and PTEN exhibited frequencies of 19.1%, 9.5% and 9.4%, respectively. In 78.3% of cases, the coexistence of NOTCH1 mutations and other molecular alterations was observed. In multivariate analysis no statistical association was revealed between NOTCH1 mutations and any other variable analyzed. The mean length of the follow-up was 68.4 months and the OS was 50.7%. SIL-TAL1 was identified as an adverse prognostic factor. NOTCH1 mutation status was not associated with outcome, while the presence of NOTCH1 complex mutations (indels) were associated with a longer overall survival (p = 0.031) than point mutations. Conclusion: NOTCH1 mutations alone or in combination with FBXW7 did not impact T-ALL prognosis. Nevertheless, complex NOTCH1 mutations appear to have a positive impact on OS and the SIL-TAL1 fusion was validated as a negative prognostic marker in our series of T-ALL.

Más que un hogar: la SNIACE y el alojamiento de sus trabajadores en Torrelavega (décadas de 1940 a 1970)

<p>[ES] Este estudio de caso analiza las pol&iacute;ticas de vivienda obrera promovidas por la SNIACE desde una perspectiva amplia y alejada de se&ntilde;alar, &uacute;nicamente, su inter&eacute;s como un mero conjunto de entes arquitect&oacute;nicos. Adem&aacute;s, atiende a la relevancia que, en este &aacute;mbito, tiene una fuente primaria como es la revista editada por la propia empresa entre 1955 y 1978, informadora y aglutinadora principal de todos los acontecimientos que implicaban a los trabajadores. Los resultados y conclusiones llevan a comprender aspectos tales que el espacio y el ambiente en los que se desarrollaba la vida de los productores y se desenvolv&iacute;an las relaciones de sociabilidad fuera de la f&aacute;brica y, en correspondencia, hasta qu&eacute; punto se trasladaba la jerarqu&iacute;a del taller a las viviendas, entre otras cuestiones. [EN] This case study examines workers&rsquo; housing policies promoted by the SNIACE from a wide perspective that differs from their only interest as a simple set of architectural entity. In addition, it addresses the relevance that, in this area, has a primary source like the magazine published by this company between 1955 and 1978, which reportedall events involving workers. The findings and conclusions lead us to understand, for example, issues such as the space and environment in which the lives of producers and social relations outside the factory were developed, and correspondingly, how the hierarchy in the workshop was adapted to housing. </p>

Development and in-vitro characterization of an implantable flow sensing transducer for hydrocephalus

An implantable transducer for monitoring the flow of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for the treatment of hydrocephalus has been developed which is based on measuring the heat dissipation of a local thermal source. The transducer uses passive telemetry at 13.56 MHz for power supply and read out of the measured flow rate. The in vitro performance of the transducer has been characterized using artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) with increased protein concentration and artificial CSF with 10\% fresh blood. After fresh blood was added to the artificial CSF a reduction of flow rate has been observed in case that the sensitive surface of the flow sensor is close to the sedimented erythrocytes. An increase of flow rate has been observed in case that the sensitive surface is in contact with the remaining plasma/artificial CSF mix above the sediment which can be explained by an asymmetric flow profile caused by the sedimentation of erythrocythes having increased viscosity compared to artificial CSF. After removal of blood from artificial CSF, no drift could be observed in the transducer measurement which could be associated to a deposition of proteins at the sensitive surface walls of the packaged flow transducer. The flow sensor specification requirement of +-10\% for a flow range between 2 ml/h and 40 ml/h. could be confirmed at test conditions of 37 degrees C.

An Increased Iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris Ratio Is Suggestive for Instability in Borderline Hips

BACKGROUND The iliocapsularis muscle is an anterior hip structure that appears to function as a stabilizer in normal hips. Previous studies have shown that the iliocapsularis is hypertrophied in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). An easy MR-based measurement of the ratio of the size of the iliocapsularis to that of adjacent anatomical structures such as the rectus femoris muscle might be helpful in everyday clinical use. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We asked (1) whether the iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio for cross-sectional area, thickness, width, and circumference is increased in DDH when compared with hips with acetabular overcoverage or normal hips; and (2) what is the diagnostic performance of these ratios to distinguish dysplastic from pincer hips? METHODS We retrospectively compared the anatomy of the iliocapsularis muscle between two study groups with symptomatic hips with different acetabular coverage and a control group with asymptomatic hips. The study groups were selected from a series of patients seen at the outpatient clinic for DDH or femoroacetabular impingement. The allocation to a study group was based on conventional radiographs: the dysplasia group was defined by a lateral center-edge (LCE) angle of < 25° with a minimal acetabular index of 14° and consisted of 45 patients (45 hips); the pincer group was defined by an LCE angle exceeding 39° and consisted of 37 patients (40 hips). The control group consisted of 30 asymptomatic hips (26 patients) with MRIs performed for nonorthopaedic reasons. The anatomy of the iliocapsularis and rectus femoris muscle was evaluated using MR arthrography of the hip and the following parameters: cross-sectional area, thickness, width, and circumference. The iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio of these four anatomical parameters was then compared between the two study groups and the control group. The diagnostic performance of these ratios to distinguish dysplasia from protrusio was evaluated by calculating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the positive predictive value (PPV) for a ratio > 1. Presence and absence of DDH (ground truth) were determined on plain radiographs using the previously mentioned radiographic parameters. Evaluation of radiographs and MRIs was performed in a blinded fashion. The PPV was chosen because it indicates how likely a hip is dysplastic if the iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio was > 1. RESULTS The iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio for cross-sectional area, thickness, width, and circumference was increased in hips with radiographic evidence of DDH (ratios ranging from 1.31 to 1.35) compared with pincer (ratios ranging from 0.71 to 0.90; p < 0.001) and compared with the control group, the ratio of cross-sectional area, thickness, width, and circumference was increased (ratios ranging from 1.10 to 1.15; p ranging from 0.002 to 0.039). The area under the ROC curve ranged from 0.781 to 0.852. For a one-to-one iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio, the PPV was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73%-96%) for cross-sectional area, 77% (95% CI, 61%-88%) for thickness, 83% (95% CI, 67%-92%) for width, and 82% (95% CI, 67%-91%) for circumference. CONCLUSIONS The iliocapsularis-to-rectus-femoris ratio seems to be a valuable secondary sign of DDH. This parameter can be used as an adjunct for clinical decision-making in hips with borderline hip dysplasia and a concomitant cam-type deformity to identify the predominant pathology. Future studies will need to prove this finding can help clinicians determine whether the borderline dysplasia accounts for the hip symptoms with which the patient presents. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, prognostic study.

Impuestos y terratenientes en la Argentina : Un balance

En este artículo se ofrece un balance de lo que sabemos -y de lo que aún desconocemos- sobre la historia de la relación entre los impuestos y los productores rurales en la Argentina contemporánea. Se lleva a cabo un recorrido por la historiografía sobre los impuestos al mundo agrario en los siglos XIX y XX tanto en el plano nacional como en el provincial y se señalan los aspectos que aún necesitan mayor investigación en este campo.

Impuestos y terratenientes en la Argentina : un balance

En este artículo se ofrece un balance de lo que sabemos -y de lo que aún desconocemos- sobre la historia de la relación entre los impuestos y los productores rurales en la Argentina contemporánea. Se lleva a cabo un recorrido por la historiografía sobre los impuestos al mundo agrario en los siglos XIX y XX tanto en el plano nacional como en el provincial y se señalan los aspectos que aún necesitan mayor investigación en este campo.

El comercio atlántico de Río de la Plata, 1680-1778. El circuito legal español. Las fuentes utilizadas y su tratamiento

En este texto me propongo presentar la principal fuente que utilicé para obtener las cifras del comercio ultramarino legal español en el Río de la Plata entre 1680 y 1778, cómo fue explotada y algunos de los resultados obtenidos. Se trata de los registros de navíos. Los resultados de la investigación, que comprendía también otros aspectos del comercio ultramarino rioplatense, se tradujeron en una tesis de doctorado defendida en el año 2000 y publicada en el 2002. Mi objetivo era estudiar el comercio rioplatense durante el siglo XVIII, en un proyecto inicialmente muy ambicioso (como lo es el de todo doctorando en sus orígenes), en el cual me proponía no sólo conocer el comercio ultramarino del Río de la Plata (tanto legal como ilegal), sino también sus vinculaciones con los mercados interiores y sin olvidar el mundo de la producción. El resultado final cubre solamente el primero de los aspectos y las preguntas que aún me quedan sin responder seguramente me darán trabajo por el resto de mi vida útil como historiador