991 resultados para Gaffurius, Franchinus, 1451-1522.
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扁担塘、后湖大型底栖动物代表水丝蚓、铜锈环棱螺对红鲤的平均饵料系数(湿重)分别为6.2、31.3。据此估算的理论渔业增产潜力分别是:扁担塘底栖动物的渔产潜力为4 259.83 kg/hm2,后湖底栖动物的渔产潜力为4 825.78 kg/hm2。后湖底栖动物的生产量和渔产潜力均比扁担塘的要高。
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以滇池2个典型的严重富营养化湖湾———马村湾和海东湾为研究区域,研究分析了2个湖湾沉积物及水体悬浮物中4种磷的赋存形态:松散吸附态磷(NH4Cl-P)、氧化还原敏感态磷(BD-P)、金属结合态磷(NaOH-P)和钙结合态磷(HCl-P)以及有机质含量及总磷(TP)含量.结果表明:沉积物随着风浪搅动悬浮进入水体后,4种形态的磷含量及其所占总磷的比例均发生了较大变化,NH4Cl-P的含量升高,是由于快速的吸附作用所致;NaOH-P在4种磷形态中的比例下降,含量上升,表明沉积物再悬浮进入水体后磷的活化特性加大,
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通过构建依赖NADPH的乙酰乙酰CoA还原酶基因(phbB)的衣藻表达载体, 用石英砂VOTEX转化技术, 将phbB基因导入细胞壁缺陷的莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc-849)中, 用含有10 mg/mL的Zeomycin的平板培养基进行筛选和实验室保持培养, 得到了表达phbB基因的转基因藻株. PCR和Southern blot结果显示phbB基因已整合到莱茵衣藻基因组中. RT-PCR与DNA杂交的检测结果显示, 导入的phbB基因在衣藻中具有转录活性.
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w Traditionally, nitrogen control is generally considered an important component of reducing lake eutrophication and cyanobacteria blooms. However, this viewpoint is refuted recently by researchers in China and North America. In the present paper, the traditional viewpoint of nitrogen control is pointed out to lack a scientific basis: the N/P hypothesis is just a subjective assumption; bottle bioassay experiments fail to simulate the natural process of nitrogen fixation. Our multi-year comparative research in more than 40 Yangtze lakes indicates that phosphorus is the key factor determining phytoplankton growth regardless of nitrogen concentrations and that total phytoplankton biomass is determined by total phosphorus and not by total nitrogen concentrations. These results imply that, in the field, nitrogen control will not decrease phytoplankton biomass. This finding is supported by a long-term whole-lake experiment from North America. These outcomes can be generalized in terms that a reduction in nitrogen loading may not decrease the biomass of total phytoplankton as it can stimulate blooms of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. To mitigate eutrophication, it is not nitrogen but phosphorus that should be reduced, unless nitrogen concentrations are too high to induce direct toxic impacts on human beings or other organisms. Finally, details are provided on how to reduce controls on nitrogen and how to mitigate eutrophication. (C) 2009 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.
A silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic waveguide switch with low insertion loss and fast response
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A silicon-on-insulator-based thermo-optic waveguide switch integrated with spot size converters is designed and fabricated by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The device shows good characteristics, including low, insertion loss of 8 +/- 1 dB for wavelength 1530-1580 nm and fast response times of 4.6 As for rising edge and 1.9 mu s for failing edge. The extinction ratios of the two channels are 19.1 and 18 dB, respectively.
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Zinc oxide flower-like bunches were directly synthesized on indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates through a simple chemical bath deposition process. By adjusting precursor concentration, other morphologies ( spindles and rods) were also obtained. All of them are hexagonal and single crystalline in nature and grow along the [ 0001] crystallographic direction. The possible growth mechanisms for these nano- and microcrystals were proposed. It was revealed that both the inherent highly anisotropic structure of ZnO and the precursor concentration play crucial roles in determining final morphologies of the products. In addition, vibrational properties of ZnO crystals with different morphologies were investigated by Raman spectroscopy.
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A 3(rd) order complex band-pass filter (BPF) with auto-tuning architecture is proposed in this paper. It is implemented in 0.18um standard CMOS technology. The complex filter is centered at 4.092MHz with bandwidth of 2.4MHz. The in-band 3(rd) order harmonic input intercept point (IIP3) is larger than 16.2dBm, with 50 Omega as the source impedance. The input referred noise is about 80uV(rms). The RC tuning is based on Binary Search Algorithm (BSA) with tuning accuracy of 3%. The chip area of the tuning system is 0.28 x 0.22 mm(2), less than 1/8 of that of the main-filter which is 0.92 x 0.59 mm(2). After tuning is completed, the tuning system will be turned off automatically to save power and to avoid interference. The complex filter consumes 2.6mA with a 1.8V power supply.
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In this paper, we firstly give the nature of 'hypersausages', study its structure and training of the network, then discuss the nature of it by way of experimenting with ORL face database, and finally, verify its unsurpassable advantages compared with other means.
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本文用加拿大国立研究院(National Research Council of Canada) Fuhrer等人编制的FORTRAN语言程序(以下简称NRCC程序),对两个冠醚类化合物进行了简正坐标分析,这两个化合物分子是二氧六环(C_4H_8O_2)和12-冠-4(C_8H_(16)O_4)。作者用Synder和Zerbi提出的一般价力场,计算了二氧六环的36个简正振动频率,精化四次后的结果误差为14.04 cm~(-1),得到了二氧六环的精化力场和势能分析矩阵;做了12-冠-4-的中红外光谱(3200-5000cm~(-1))。远红外光谱(500-70cm~(-1))和拉曼光谱(3200-50 cm~(-1),从而归属出12-冠-4的78个简正振动频率实验值;利用二氧六环的精化力场作为初始力场,计算了12-冠-4的简正振动频率,对78个简正振动频率进行了精化计算,精化三次后的结果误差为13.99 cm~(-1),精化后得到12-冠-4的精化力场和势能分布矩阵;将NRCC程序以BASIC语言移至TRS-80微型机上,对二氧六环进行了计算,结果良好,首次给出二氧六环一般价力场的势能分布。一、对二氧六环的处理 二氧六环分子式C_4H_8O_2,合14个原子,有3N-6=36个简正振动频率。分子结构系由二个乙氧基(-CH_2-CH_2-O-)单元组成的含有四个碳,两个氧的六元环,平衡态分子为椅式构象,属于C_(2h)点群,36个简正振动频率分为四个对称类Ag、Au、Bg和Bu,分布是:Ag 10个,Bg 8个,Au 9个,Bu9个。二氧六环的分子结构及坐标示意图见28而图5,定义了14个伸缩内坐标,26个弯曲内坐标,6个扭曲内坐标,共46个,C-C键长1.54A,C-O键长1.41 A,C-H键长1.096A,键角都用109°28'。用CART程序(NRCC程序之一)计算二氧六环14个原子的笛卡尔坐标,用GMAT程序(NRCC程序之二)计算其B矩阵和G矩阵,用FPERT程序(NRCC程序之三)计算其简正振动频率、精化力场,计算用一般价力场,引入V矩阵对称化,将46个坐标化为46个(内)对称坐标,10个多余坐标在FPERT程序计算中除去。二、对12-冠-4的处理 12-冠-4分子式C_8H_(16)O_4,含28个原子,共3N-6=78个简正振动频率,分子结构为四个乙氧基(-CH_2-CH_2-O-)单元组成的含八个碳、四个氧的12元环,自由分子的12-冠-4属于C点群。结构数据引自Groth的X光衍射分数和坐标,自己编制了BASIC语言程度将分数坐标化为笛卡尔坐标,用GMAT程序计算B矩阵和G矩阵,FPERT程序计算78个简正振动频率、精化力场、计算势能分布矩阵,引入U矩阵将92个内坐标化为92个对称坐标,14个多余坐标在FPERT程序中自动除去。三、结果 势能分布矩阵给出分子的振动归属,对这两个冠醚类分子的3N-6个简正振动频率,可以划分为五个振动区域。1.C-H伸缩振动区(3000-2800 cm~(-1)) 在该区中,二氧六环有八个值:2974、2966、2854和2867 cm~(-1)各两个,12-冠-4有16个值:2935、2923、2915和2907 cm~(-1)各两个,2860 cm~(-1)8个,高于2900 cm~(-1)者为反对称伸缩振动,低于2900 cm~(-1)者为对称伸缩振动。2.亚甲基弯曲振动之一(1500-1400 cm~(-1)) 该区的主要振动是亚甲基剪式振动(Scissor),其它振动小于10%二氧六环在该区有四个频率:1443、1461、1451和1457 cm~(-1),12-冠-4有八个频率:1466、1450、1450和1405 cm~(-1)各两个。3.亚甲基弯曲振动区二(1400-1200 cm~(-1))该区的主要振动模式为亚甲基的颤动(wag)、卷曲(twist)和摆动(rock)振动,其它振动小于13%。二氧六环在该区有八个频率:1334、1303、1396、1216、1367、1264、1377和1296 cm~(-1),12-冠-4有十六个频率:1388、1363、……1229 cm~(-1)(其中1288、1307cm~(-1)非简并,其余皆两重简并)。4.环的骨架伸缩振动区(1200-600 cm~(-1))该区振动模式复杂,除环的骨架伸缩振动外,还有亚甲基的wag、twist、rock以及环的骨架弯曲振动,而且这些振动的势能分布值都不小。二氧六环在该区有十一个频率,从1127至610 cm~(-1),12-冠-4有二十个频率,从1135至184 cm~(-1)且大都是二重简并的。5.低频区(600-50cm~(-1))这两个分子在低频区的势能分布略有差别。二氧六环在该区有五个频率:503、486、427、276和224 cm~(-1),主要振动模式为骨架弯曲振动和扭曲振动,C-O、C-C的扭曲振动在三个最低频率中分布占10-30%。12-冠-4在该区有18个频率,除570和547cm~(-1)处,都是二重简并的,六个最低频率的振动模式完全属于C-O、C-C键的扭曲振动,其它振动小于10%,所以200 cm~(-1)以下可称为12-冠-4的扭曲振动区,在600-200cm~(-1)之间的12个频率主要是骨架的弯曲振动,也有一定量的亚甲基wag、twist、rock振动。12-冠-4的简正坐标分析尚未有人做过。二氧六环的计算结果与Snyder和Zerbi的分析相吻合,12-冠-4和二氧六环两分子势能分布的相对一致性证明了对12-冠-4的简正坐标分析基本是正确的。本文比较了二分子的力常数和振动频率,探讨了环的大小对振动光谱的影响。四、NRCC程序简介 NRCC程序由CART、GMAT和FPERT三个程序组成,即可联一起运用,亦可分开独立进行运算。该程序功能强,所占内存大,适于大、中型计算机使用。CART程序之名字取自Cartisian Co-or-dinates的前四个字母,功能系由分子结构参数(键长、键角)计算分子内各原子的笛卡尔坐标。GMAT程序之名字取自G matrix的前四个字母,功能系由分子内各原子的笛卡尔坐标,原子质量和内坐标定义计算分子内各原子的坐标交换矩阵B和Wilson振动动能矩阵G。FPERT程序之名字取自F Perturbation的前五个字母,功能系由分子振动功能矩阵G、势能常数即力常数矩阵F计算分子的简正振动频率和势能分布矩阵,再通过实验频率精化势能矩阵F。NRCC程序可对含30个原子、60个内坐标的分子进行简正坐标分析,扩充后容量增大一倍。该程序可选用一般价力场(General Valence Force Field, 简称GVFF)和UBS力场(Urey-Bradley-Shimanouchi Force Field),简称UBSFF或UBFF)。可选用对称化U矩阵,可自行决定力场精化次数和阻尼常数以限制精化结果的收敛性。五、NRCC程序在TRS-80微型机上移植试尝(该部分曾在第三届长春夏季化学讨论会上宣读)针对NRCC程序占内存空间大、难以在微型机上实现的情况,作者将NRCC程序改编为BASIC语言,改变程序的原来结构,形成一组BASIC语言程序:CART/BAS、GMAT/BAS和VIFR/BAS,改编后的BASIC程序在TRS-80微型机调试通过,TRS-80机字长8位,New Dos系统内存32K。改写后的程序只保持了原程序的基本原理,在内存,语句上改动很大,以适于微型机使用。数据在程序中直接嵌入,利于修改替换,且BASIC语言简单易学,便于操作。CART/BAS程序可计算含30个原子以内的分子的笛卡尔坐标,GMAT/BAS程序可计算含20个原子、45个内坐标的分子的G矩阵,VIFR/BAS程序可计算含15个原子的分子的简正振动频率。利用这组程序,作者以二氧六环分子为例做了一些试尝运算,误差14.4 cm~(-1),相对误差1.8%,结果较理想。
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采用3×3耦合器的光纤光栅激光传感系统(FBGLS)的波长解调结果依赖于3×3耦合器的物理特性,解调结果会因3×3耦合器三路输出的直流项、干涉条纹可见度和相位差参数的不稳定而发生一定程度的失真。理论推导给出了标定参数的方法并实现了计算机编程,能够在较大信号时实时给出标定结果,同时给出了相应的解调方案。计算机模拟发现采用上述方法消除了由3×3耦合器三路输出的参数不稳定带来的谐波,实验中解调结果的对比表明该方法带来一定程度的改善,和标准参考传感器测量结果有很高的相关性,此外基于该解调方案的光纤光栅激光传感系统具有较高的分辨率、动态范围和线性度。
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本文提出了一种基于仿生模式识别和PCA/ICA的DOA估计方法.这种方法的建模过程是用在实际环境下采集的训练样本构造人工神经网络模型,对环境的适应能力较强;且这种方法采用PCA/ICA进行特征提取,使数据得到有效压缩,可以实现系统实时处理.实验结果表明:在信噪比为20dB和0dB时,该方法的正确估计率可达100%;在信噪比降为-20dB时,该方法仍有83%的可识别率.