La repetición, una interpretación psicoanalítica: Freud y Lacan

The following dissertation is framed by the psychoanalytic line of thought inaugurated by Sigmund Freud and rethought by Jacques Lacan. The starting point of this work is the notion of repetition, which finds its utmost reason in what Freud called compulsive repetition. The idea of repetition, besides being called by Lacan as one of the foundations of Psychoanalysis, articulates a series of theoretical landmarks which, in turn, constitute Psychoanalysis’ own arguments – whether linked to clinical practice or articulated around metapsychological reflection of the psychoanalytical field. This dissertation is gravitates around four specific theoretical moments: two Freudian ones and two Lacanian ones. The latter taking place during the period called “The return to Freud”, which comprises the period from 1953 to 1964. In this period, the postfreudian developments deviate from Freudian theory, as well as the psychoanalytic method, which is reviewed by poststructuralism. Altogether, the four moments being analyzed are: in Freud, the “repetition linked to the act” in 1914, and the “repetition as such” developed in Beyond the Pleasure Principle in 1920.In Lacan, the theory of “the insistence of the signifier” from 1955 and what he later named as the “failed encounter with the real” in 1964...

Nous habitons tous dans la maison de Freud: usan Hiller chez Freud à Londres (*)

Dans un interview Susan Hiller a dit que «nous habitons tous dans le musée Freud» car «le musée Freud est un concept culturel auquel nous ne pouvons pas échapper» . Cette idée a été confirmée par Marina Warner dans sa préface au guide du musée Freud, quand elle a déclaré que «Sigmund Freud a formé l’idée de ce qu’est une personne au cours du vingtième siècle; nous ne nous reconnaîtrions pas sans lui» . Née Etats Unis en 1940, Hiller s’est installée à Londres en 1969 après avoir abandonnée ses études supérieures en anthropologie. Dans l’avant dire de son volume sur le mythe du primitivisme elle explique sa pensée: «Il y a longtemps, quand je faisais mes études supérieures en anthropologie, j’ai été si bousculée par des diapositives que je voyais en classe un jour sur l’art africain que j’ai pris la décision de devenir artiste» . A partir des années 1970, elle s’est orientée vers des pratiques surréalistes, en particulier l’écriture automatique . Ici je traiterai de son installation Au musée Freud, créée en 1994 pour le musée Freud à Londres, qui l’a invitée à présenter une installation pour le musée. Je l’examinerai par rapport à Freud, à sa collection, et au surréalisme par le biais d’André Breton et ses écrits sur l’objet.

Olen maa johon tahdot : Timo K. Mukan maailmankuvan poetiikkaa

The dissertation deals with the prose texts of the Finnish writer Timo K. Mukka, renowned for his depictions of his native Lapland. This research concerns the creation of world view in Mukka s prose, which is approached by studying what Mikhail Bakhtin calls generic change. Such genre change is the most characteristic feature of Mukka s prose. His prose is permeated with two genres in particular and changes between them: the ballad-like, archaistic and romantic prose-poem style and naturalistic, even grotesque expressions. In addition, these genres are associated with sublime and grotesque styles so that generic change tends to involve also stylistic changes in Mukka s prose. This study probes the tension-filled interrelationships between the ballad and naturalistic prose by examining the discourse of Mukka s characters. It is shown that these characters invariably find themselves in what Bakhtin calls the chronotope of the threshold; that is, the plots of Mukka s novels and short stories depict situations in which the characters are faced with decisions and deeds that will profoundly impact their lives. The discourse of the threshold affects the characters speech by filling it with dialogical dimensions. This makes their communication ethically loaded and polyphonic. This study is based on Mikhail Bakhtin s theory of the novel and international Bakhtin s studies. I also take into consideration the theoretical developments of Bakhtin s work; for example, the concept of ressentiment, adapted from the Bakhtin scholar Michel André Bernstein, plays an important role. In order to explicate on the psychology of Mukka s characters such as melancholy, abjection, sadism, and taboo I use the concepts familiar from Freudian psychoanalysis. The corpus of my research consists of the following texts: the long prose texts Maa on syntinen laulu. Balladi (1964), Tabu (1965), Täältä jostakin. Romaani (1965), Laulu Sipirjan lapsista. Romaani (1966), Ja kesän heinä kuolee. Kertomus sairaudesta (1968) ja Kyyhky ja unikko (1970) and the short story collections Koiran kuolema (1967) ja Lumen pelko (1970), and with Tabu published short story Sankarihymni , the short story Katkelma laajemmasta laulelmasta from the collection Rakastaa: Kaksitoista novellia rakkaudesta (1965) and also the short stories which were published in various Finnish journals: Yöt (1965), Liisa (1967), Tyttö (1967) ja Näin hetki sitten ketun (1970). I pay particular attention to the novel Maa on syntinen laulu, because it expresses the generic change characteristic of Mukka s world view in a specifically clear and lively way. The dissertation is in Finnish. Key words: Timo K. Mukka, world view, genre change, ballad, naturalism, grotesque realism, Mikhail Bakhtin, dialogism, polyphony, chronotope, sublime, grotesque, ressentiment, Sigmund Freud, melancholy, taboo, abject, sadism, reduced laughter, modern parody.

New Year's greetings postcard with portrait of Sigmund and Toni Feist with two unidentified boys (perhaps students at Feist's private school in Mainz) Portraits; Groups

Printed: Prosit Neujahr!; Handwritten dedication

Portrait of Ludwig Feist (far left) perhaps with Toni and Sigmund Feist Portraits; Groups

Handwritten caption: Aufgenommen am 9. VIII. 1908 vor der Stadthalle in Mainz. Letztes Bild meines Bruders Ludwig Feist (gest. 2. XI. 08)

Professor Lichtenberger, German literature professor at the Sorbonne, with Toni and Sigmund Feist Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

New Year's greetings postcard with portrait of Sigmund and Toni Feist with two unidentified boys (perhaps students at Feist's private school in Mainz) Portraits; Groups

Printed: Prosit Neujahr!; Handwritten dedication

Portrait of Ludwig Feist (far left) perhaps with Toni and Sigmund Feist Portraits; Groups

Handwritten caption: Aufgenommen am 9. VIII. 1908 vor der Stadthalle in Mainz. Letztes Bild meines Bruders Ludwig Feist (gest. 2. XI. 08)

Professor Lichtenberger, German literature professor at the Sorbonne, with Toni and Sigmund Feist Portraits; Groups

Digital Image

Rintamamiesten muonitus Suomessa sotavuosina 1939-1945

This study analyzes the war-time rations the Finnish soldiers received on the front from 1939 until 1945. The main objective was to determine the contents of the rations and how they affected the soldiers' nutrition and morale. The information concerning food and feeding is mainly based on the official documents found in the Military Archives. Some additional material was from the historical literature, some from memoirs, or from the veterans who personally experienced the front. The documents in the Archives of Military Medicine provided information on the soldiers' deficiencies. During the Winter War, which took place from 30 November 1939 until 13 March 1940, ample food was available. The cold climate caused problems and the fresh food got frozen. However, no severe deficiency cases were reported and the morale was high. By contrast, during the Continuation War, which began in June, 1941 and ended in September, 1944, difficulties were experienced. At the time farming in the country faced serious problems due to the shortage of labour, fuel, etc. Furthermore, importing food was generally not possible. However, importing food mainly from Germany saved the Finns from hunger. In addition, the self activity of the soldiers on the front added somewhat to the food production. But the rations had to be reduced. Their energy values were consequently low, especially for the young men. Food was monotonous and occasionally caused complaints. The main sources of protein, vitamins and minerals were the whole cereal foods. Butter was fortified with vitamin A and vitamin C tablets were also distributed, to compensate for the scant food sources. Only approximately 300 serious deficiency cases required hospital care during the three years time, out of a total of 400 000 soldiers. Feeding the young soldiers during the war (1944 - 1945) in Lapland, which had been destroyed, was problematic but the increased rations also saved them from deficiencies. In spite of the severe difficulties experienced occasionally in feeding the soldiers during the wars, the system worked all the time. The soldiers were fed, the cases of nutritional deficiency and epidemics caused by food were kept very limited and the morale of soldiers remained high.

The great errand 1939-1955

The novel was written in 2001. Description of post-war Germany from the viewpoint of a German, Fritz Meyer, who was a member of a local Nazi Youth organization in Sonneborn. He fought as a soldier and fell into the hands of the English in Northern France. He was taken to Canada as a prisoner of war. He escaped the camp and found refuge at a German family. Description of erotic encounters. Reflection on Nazi ideology. At the request of the family he returns to Germany for something subscribed as "the great errand", taking up the identity of a former American G.I. Desolation of post-war Germany. Confrontation with British emigre soldiers. Identifying with the anger of his German countrymen. Reflection on the Bible and the denial of the Jewish roots of Christianity. Creating an underground network of conspiracy with former Nazi leaders and high members of the Catholic church in order to continue the ideals of National Socialism. Donations from secret supporters abroad. Connections with the political leaders in the newly established German Republic. Revisionist history.