Determinação preliminar de parâmetros construtivos de barreiras reactivas permeáveis com recurso a colunas para remediação de crómio com ferro zerovalente

Um dos principais problemas com que se deparam as sociedades actuais, e que é consequência da sua forma de se organizar prende-se com a mudança das características originais dos locais onde habitam e dos seus componentes como resultado das actividades humanas que transformam solos e águas em depósitos de resíduos. Entre as substâncias que são depositadas no meio físico, que requerem especial atenção, encontra-se o grupo dos metais pesados, uma vez que são considerados como perigosos pela sua toxicidade e potencial cancerígeno quando em contacto com populações ou ecossistemas. Destes metais, o crómio é um dos metais que requer especial atenção devido a sua relativa abundância como contaminante, e à periculosidade dos seus iões, em especial o Cr6+. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para o conhecimento dos fenómenos geoambientais associados à remediação de águas contaminadas com Cr6+ recorrendo ao ferro monovalente de forma a estabelecer parâmetros de aplicabilidade através de estudos laboratoriais baseados em ensaios em colunas.

Diversidade de briófitos e alterações climáticas nos Açores: olhar para o futuro para delinear o presente

Jornadas "Ciência nos Açores – que futuro? Tema Ciências Naturais e Ambiente", Ponta Delgada, 7-8 de Junho de 2013.

Investigação em curso no Centro de Investigação de Recursos Naturais (CIRN)

Jornadas "Ciência nos Açores – que futuro? Tema Ciências Naturais e Ambiente", Ponta Delgada, 7-8 de Junho de 2013.

Caraterização dos habitats propícios à conservação da Estrelinha-de-Santa-Maria (Regulus regulus sanctaemariae)

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão e Conservação da Natureza, 11 de Junho de 2014, Universidade dos Açores.

Potencial biotecnológico do mar dos Açores

O ambiente marinho constitui uma extraordinária reserva de compostos com características estruturais únicas, diferentes das encontradas nos Produtos Naturais de origem terrestre. Os compostos de origem marinha assumem assim um papel cada vez mais significativo na descoberta de novos medicamentos, de novas aplicações em cosmética, na produção de enzimas com características específicas ou como biomateriais para engenharia de tecidos. A investigação nesta área, no âmbito do Crescimento Azul, ganhou novo impulso com a Estratégia Nacional para o Mar e as diretivas do Horizonte 2020. A elevada biodiversidade do mar dos Açores e os ambientes e ecossistemas que o distinguem de outras regiões, nomeadamente a influência do vulcanismo ativo e residual, estão na base da investigação que tem vindo a ser feita na Universidade dos Açores, pelo Grupo de Biotecnologia do Centro de Investigação em Recursos Naturais (CIRN), em colaboração com o DCTD, DB e CIBIO-Açores.

Water quality issues in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries: an approach to the problems and the methodologies

Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, and is vital for all known forms of life. But only 3% of the Earth's water is fresh water, and less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the atmosphere. However, rivers and lakes are an important part of fresh surface water, amounting to about 89%. In this Master Thesis dissertation, the focus is on three types of water bodies – rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and their water quality issues in Asian countries. The surface water quality in a region is largely determined both by the natural processes such as climate or geographic conditions, and the anthropogenic influences such as industrial and agricultural activities or land use conversion. The quality of the water can be affected by pollutants discharge from a specific point through a sewer pipe and also by extensive drainage from agriculture/urban areas and within basin. Hence, water pollutant sources can be divided into two categories: Point source pollution and Non-point source (NPS) pollution. Seasonal variations in precipitation and surface run-off have a strong effect on river discharge and the concentration of pollutants in water bodies. For example, in the rainy season, heavy and persistent rain wash off the ground, the runoff flow increases and may contain various kinds of pollutants and, eventually, enters the water bodies. In some cases, especially in confined water bodies, the quality may be positive related with rainfall in the wet season, because this confined type of fresh water systems allows high dilution of pollutants, decreasing their possible impacts. During the dry season, the quality of water is largely related to industrialization and urbanization pollution. The aim of this study is to identify the most common water quality problems in Asian countries and to enumerate and analyze the methodologies used for assessment of water quality conditions of both rivers and confined water bodies (lakes and reservoirs). Based on the evaluation of a sample of 57 papers, dated between 2000 and 2012, it was found that over the past decade, the water quality of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in developing countries is being degraded. Water pollution and destruction of aquatic ecosystems have caused massive damage to the functions and integrity of water resources. The most widespread NPS in Asian countries and those which have the greatest spatial impacts are urban runoff and agriculture. Locally, mine waste runoff and rice paddy are serious NPS problems. The most relevant point pollution sources are the effluents from factories, sewage treatment plant, and public or household facilities. It was found that the most used methodology was unquestionably the monitoring activity, used in 49 of analyzed studies, accounting for 86%. Sometimes, data from historical databases were used as well. It can be seen that taking samples from the water body and then carry on laboratory work (chemical analyses) is important because it can give an understanding of the water quality. 6 papers (11%) used a method that combined monitoring data and modeling. 6 papers (11%) just applied a model to estimate the quality of water. Modeling is a useful resource when there is limited budget since some models are of free download and use. In particular, several of used models come from the U.S.A, but they have their own purposes and features, meaning that a careful application of the models to other countries and a critical discussion of the results are crucial. 5 papers (9%) focus on a method combining monitoring data and statistical analysis. When there is a huge data matrix, the researchers need an efficient way of interpretation of the information which is provided by statistics. 3 papers (5%) used a method combining monitoring data, statistical analysis and modeling. These different methods are all valuable to evaluate the water quality. It was also found that the evaluation of water quality was made as well by using other types of sampling different than water itself, and they also provide useful information to understand the condition of the water body. These additional monitoring activities are: Air sampling, sediment sampling, phytoplankton sampling and aquatic animal tissues sampling. Despite considerable progress in developing and applying control regulations to point and NPS pollution, the pollution status of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in Asian countries is not improving. In fact, this reflects the slow pace of investment in new infrastructure for pollution control and growing population pressures. Water laws or regulations and public involvement in enforcement can play a constructive and indispensable role in environmental protection. In the near future, in order to protect water from further contamination, rapid action is highly needed to control the various kinds of effluents in one region. Environmental remediation and treatment of industrial effluent and municipal wastewaters is essential. It is also important to prevent the direct input of agricultural and mine site runoff. Finally, stricter environmental regulation for water quality is required to support protection and management strategies. It would have been possible to get further information based in the 57 sample of papers. For instance, it would have been interesting to compare the level of concentrations of some pollutants in the diferente Asian countries. However the limit of three months duration for this study prevented further work to take place. In spite of this, the study objectives were achieved: the work provided an overview of the most relevant water quality problems in rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Asian countries, and also listed and analyzed the most common methodologies.

Análise das implicações para a saúde humana do uso das nanotecnologias

As nanotecnologias representam um importante potencial para a promoção da qualidade de vida e da competitividade industrial na Europa. Um material com nanodimensões tem uma relação superfície/volume que vai alterar as suas propriedades físicas, químicas, ópticas e magnéticas do material e fazer com que este reaja de maneira diferente e de uma forma desconhecida com os organismos e o ambiente. As nanopartículas são capazes de entrar facilmente no organismo através da pele, pulmões e capazes de originar efeitos no ambiente a nível de água, solo e ar. A nível de saúde muitos dos estudos são projectados como uma analogia à exposição humana ao quartzo, e ao amianto, e também no que concerne à poluição do ar e aplicações médicas (fármacos) com nanopartículas. Relativamente ao ambiente, existem ainda poucos estudos, mas ainda assim, surgem certas evidências que relatam, que dependendo das características e tipos de interacção dos nanomateriais com ecossistemas poderá ocorrer entre outros, retenção dos mesmos no ambiente. A investigação é ainda diminuta, fornecendo poucas evidências, no entanto, existem factos e resultados indicadores de que os efeitos na saúde e ambiente poderão ser prejudicais. A prevenção da doença e do ambiente deverão ser salvaguardadas e serem objecto de intervenções prioritárias. O conhecimento das relações existentes entre nanopartículas emitidas para o ar e a saúde humana, em diferentes condições ambientais, é de importância primordial para melhorar as estimativas de exposição, assim como para o desenvolvimento de estratégias eficientes de controlo para reduzir a exposição humana, os riscos sobre a saúde, e, também para estabelecer, avaliar e melhorar os regulamentos e a legislação relativa à qualidade do ar, emissões e a utilização de nanomateriais em produtos de consumo corrente.

Perceção da flora de uma região : o caso dos alunos da Universidade dos Açores

Dissertação de Mestrado em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia Vegetal.

Anthropogenic impacts in the deep sea of the Azores : fishing and litter

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências do Mar, especialidade em Ecologia Marinha.

Caracterização e distribuição espacial da comunidade fitoplanctónica do banco submarino Condor (SE do Faial, Açores) : relação com os parâmetros oceanográficos adjacentes

Dissertação de Mestrado em Estudos Integrados dos Oceanos.

Sobrevivência: jogo interactivo para estudo de arquitecturas de agentes autónomos

Trabalho de projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores

Cold-water coral communities in the Azores : diversity, habitat and conservation

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar (especialidade em Ecologia Marinha), 11 de Setembro de 2015, Universidade dos Açores.

Water quality in lakes and reservoirs in China

Dissertation elaborated for the partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Master Degree in Civil Engineering in the Speciality Area of Hydarulics

Environmental data management in the Sado Estuary

Estuaries are perhaps the most threatened environments in the coastal fringe; the coincidence of high natural value and attractiveness for human use has led to conflicts between conservation and development. These conflicts occur in the Sado Estuary since its location is near the industrialised zone of Peninsula of Setúbal and at the same time, a great part of the Estuary is classified as a Natural Reserve due to its high biodiversity. These facts led us to the need of implementing a model of environmental management and quality assessment, based on methodologies that enable the assessment of the Sado Estuary quality and evaluation of the human pressures in the estuary. These methodologies are based on indicators that can better depict the state of the environment and not necessarily all that could be measured or analysed. Sediments have always been considered as an important temporary source of some compounds or a sink for other type of materials or an interface where a great diversity of biogeochemical transformations occur. For all this they are of great importance in the formulation of coastal management system. Many authors have been using sediments to monitor aquatic contamination, showing great advantages when compared to the sampling of the traditional water column. The main objective of this thesis was to develop an estuary environmental management framework applied to Sado Estuary using the DPSIR Model (EMMSado), including data collection, data processing and data analysis. The support infrastructure of EMMSado were a set of spatially contiguous and homogeneous regions of sediment structure (management units). The environmental quality of the estuary was assessed through the sediment quality assessment and integrated in a preliminary stage with the human pressure for development. Besides the earlier explained advantages, studying the quality of the estuary mainly based on the indicators and indexes of the sediment compartment also turns this methodology easier, faster and human and financial resource saving. These are essential factors to an efficient environmental management of coastal areas. Data management, visualization, processing and analysis was obtained through the combined use of indicators and indices, sampling optimization techniques, Geographical Information Systems, remote sensing, statistics for spatial data, Global Positioning Systems and best expert judgments. As a global conclusion, from the nineteen management units delineated and analyzed three showed no ecological risk (18.5 % of the study area). The areas of more concern (5.6 % of the study area) are located in the North Channel and are under strong human pressure mainly due to industrial activities. These areas have also low hydrodynamics and are, thus associated with high levels of deposition. In particular the areas near Lisnave and Eurominas industries can also accumulate the contamination coming from Águas de Moura Channel, since particles coming from that channel can settle down in that area due to residual flow. In these areas the contaminants of concern, from those analyzed, are the heavy metals and metalloids (Cd, Cu, Zn and As exceeded the PEL guidelines) and the pesticides BHC isomers, heptachlor, isodrin, DDT and metabolits, endosulfan and endrin. In the remain management units (76 % of the study area) there is a moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects and in some of these areas no stress agents could be identified. This emphasizes the need for further research, since unmeasured chemicals may be causing or contributing to these adverse effects. Special attention must be taken to the units with moderate impact potential of occurrence of adverse ecological effects, located inside the natural reserve. Non-point source pollution coming from agriculture and aquaculture activities also seem to contribute with important pollution load into the estuary entering from Águas de Moura Channel. This pressure is expressed in a moderate impact potential for ecological risk existent in the areas near the entrance of this Channel. Pressures may also came from Alcácer Channel although they were not quantified in this study. The management framework presented here, including all the methodological tools may be applied and tested in other estuarine ecosystems, which will also allow a comparison between estuarine ecosystems in other parts of the globe.

Contribuição para a caracterização geoambiental dos sapais do Estuário do Sado

Os estuários e sapais estuarinos são zonas húmidas que, devido à sua localização privilegiada e características únicas de riqueza natural, atraíram desde há muito populações que se fixaram nas suas margens, constituindo pólos de desenvolvimento e concentração de actividades humanas, sofrendo o impacte negativo da acção antrópica, principalmente durante o século XX. No presente estudo, cujo tema central é o ambiente de sapal do estuário do Sado (Península de Setúbal), apresentam-se resultados de um estudo sedimentológico e geoquímico de uma sondagem curta, recolhida no sapal do Faralhão (margem norte do estuário), visando contribuir para a caracterização geoambiental dos ecossistemas de sapal deste estuário e para a identificação da contribuição antrópica em metais pesados nos sedimentos vasosos estudados. Perspectivando uma aplicação pedagógica, apresenta-se uma proposta de estudo do sapal de Corroios (estuário do Tejo), composta por diversos materiais de apoio ao trabalho de campo e de laboratório, direccionados para alunos do ensino secundário. Com esta proposta, pretende-se contribuir para a sensibilização dos professores para a necessidade de, junto dos seus alunos, promoverem motivações que conduzam ao estudo dos ecossistemas de sapal, perspectivando a consciencialização da vulnerabilidade destes ambientes e a assumpção de medidas de defesa do património natural.