Efeito de pontas de pulverização e de arranjos populacionais de plantas de Eichhornia crassipes e Salvinia auriculata na deposição de calda de pulverização sobre plantas de Pistia stratiotes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da deposição de calda de pulverização em Commelina diffusa

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a quantidade e qualidade da deposição da calda de pulverização em plantas de Commelina diffusa, considerando volumes de aplicação, pontas de pulverização e o ângulo dos bicos na barra de pulverização. Foram utilizadas cinco hastes de plantas por vaso. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com 20 repetições. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, e a aplicação da calda foi efetuada após 40 dias do transplantio das hastes, quando estavam com 30 a 40 cm de comprimento (em pleno desenvolvimento). Foram avaliadas cinco pontas de pulverização: TX-VK 6 (100 L ha-1), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), XR 11001 VS (100 L ha-1), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha¹) e TJ60 11002 VS (100 e 200 L ha-1), as quais foram testadas com diferentes ângulos de aplicação (0º e +30º), exceto a TJ60 11002 VS. Foi utilizado como traçador o corante Azul Brilhante FDC-1 na concentração de 500 ppm, na determinação da deposição da calda de pulverização. Imediatamente após a aplicação, 20 hastes foram coletadas e, em seguida, lavadas em 100 mL de água destilada, para posterior quantificação do traçador em espectrofotômetro. Os dados foram transformados em valores de depósitos por grama de massa seca e ajustados à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. Independentemente da ponta utilizada, o volume de 200 L ha-1 proporcionou os maiores depósitos nas plantas, destacando-se a ponta TJ60. A ponta XR 11001 VS (100 L ha-1) proporcionou a melhor uniformidade quando se utilizou o ângulo de +30º.

Uniformidade de deposição de gotas de pulverização em plantas de amendoim e Brachiaria plantaginea

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a uniformidade da deposição de gotas de pulverização em plantas de amendoim e de Brachiaria plantaginea localizadas nas linhas e entrelinhas de semeadura da cultura. O experimento de campo foi realizado com a cultura de amendoim, cultivar IAC Tatu-ST. As pulverizações foram feitas com a cultura nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2). Foi utilizado, como marcador das gotas depositadas, o corante Azul Brilhante (FD&C-1) na concentração de 500 ppm. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por sete pontas de pulverização: XR 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1), TX-VK 6 (150 L ha-1), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha-1), AI11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e TJ60 11002 VS (150 e 200 L ha-1). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Para as análises qualitativas, os dados obtidos foram ajustados à curva de regressão pelo modelo de Gompertz. As pontas XR 11002 VS (200 L ha-1) e TX-VK 6 (150 L ha-1) proporcionaram as maiores uniformidades de distribuição da pulverização nas plantas de amendoim cultivar IAC Tatu ST nos estádios vegetativo (V1) e reprodutivo (R2), respectivamente. A uniformidade de deposição nas plantas de B. plantaginea teve grande variação nos depósitos unitários sobre as plantas localizadas na linha e entrelinha da cultura. Apenas a ponta XR 11002 VS (200 L ha¹) causa falhas de deposição em ambos os estádios de desenvolvimento da B. plantaginea localizada na linha da cultura. Quanto às plantas localizadas na entrelinha, a maior eficiência das pontas de pulverização ocorre no estádio de 3-5 perfilhos.

Aspectos quantitativos da deposição de gotas de pulverização em plantas de amendoim e Brachiaria plantaginea

The objective of this study was to evaluate the amount of spray deposition on peanut plants (Aracahis hypogaea) and on the weed Brachiaria plantaginea, in the rows and inter rows of the culture, as well as the amount of deposition on the soil. The study was conducted in the field using the peanut cultivar IAC Tatu-ST and the treatment applications were performed at the vegetative (V1) and reproductive (R2) stages. Brilliant Blue (FD&C-1) was used as tracer in water solution, at 500 ppm. The treatments were constituted of seven spray nozzles: XR 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 6 (150 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha(-1)), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), AI11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)) and TJ60 11002 VS (150 and 200 L ha(-1)). A randomized block design was used, with four replications. The results showed that the application of a larger spray volume increased the amount of depositions on the plants IAC Tatu ST at both stages of crop development, with the exception of spray nozzles XR 110015 VS and AI11002 VS, at the vegetative (V1) and reproductive (R2) stages of the culture, respectively; the greatest loss of drops in applications on the soil at the vegetative stage (V1) was provided by the spray nozzles AI 110015 VS and AI 11002 VS; however, at the reproductive stage (R2), the spray nozzle XR 11002 VS caused the greatest loss; The spray nozzles XR 11002 VS, AI 110015 VS, and TJ60 11002 VS (150 L ha(-1)) provided higher depositions on the leaves of B. plantaginea planted in the row than between the rows in the applications at the vegetative stage (V1), while at the reproductive stage (R2), the spray nozzles showed similar results for the deposition of droplets on the weed.

Desempenho de pontas de pulverização na deposição de gotas de pulverização na cultura do amendoim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nozzles on spray droplet deposition in the peanut crop cultivar 'Runner IAC 886'. The study was conducted in the field, and the applications of treatments performed in the vegetative stage (V1) and reproductive (R2). It was used the Brilliant Blue FDC - 1 as tracer in water solution, at 500 ppm. The treatments consisted of seven spray nozzle XR 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), XR 11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)), TX-VK 6 (150L ha(-1)), TX-VK 8 (200 L ha-1), AI 110015 VS (150 L ha(-1)), AI11002 VS (200 L ha(-1)) e TJ60 11002 VS (150 e 200 L ha(-1)). It was used a randomized blocks design, with four replications. After application, plants were immediately collected, and washed in 100 mL of distilled water for posterior tracer quantification in spectrophotometer. The data had been adjusted a regression curve for Gompertz model. The results had evidenced that at low volumes of application the nozzle AI 110015 VS and TJ60 11002 VS, were the ones with best distribution uniformity of spray on plants of peanut cultivar 'Runner IAC 886' in the vegetative stage (V1) and reproductive (R2) respectively, and the largest deposits and higher percentage of failures in applications have been found in younger plants by comparing the growth stages of application, regardless of the spray nozzle and volume.

Modelagem e simulação da deposição de parafinas em escoamento turbulento

The flow assurance has become one of the topics of greatest interest in the oil industry, mainly due to production and transportation of oil in regions with extreme temperature and pressure. In these operations the wax deposition is a commonly problem in flow of paraffinic oils, causing the rising costs of the process, due to increased energy cost of pumping, decreased production, increased pressure on the line and risk of blockage of the pipeline. In order to describe the behavior of the wax deposition phenomena in turbulent flow of paraffinic oils, under different operations conditions, in this work we developed a simulator with easy interface. For that we divided de work in four steps: (i) properties estimation (physical, thermals, of transport and thermodynamics) of n-alkanes and paraffinic mixtures by using correlations; (ii) obtainment of the solubility curve and determination the wax appearance temperature, by calculating the solid-liquid equilibrium of parafinnic systems; (iii) modelling wax deposition process, comprising momentum, mass and heat transfer; (iv) development of graphic interface in MATLAB® environment for to allow the understanding of simulation in different flow conditions as well as understand the matter of the variables (inlet temperature, external temperature, wax appearance temperature, oil composition, and time) on the behavior of the deposition process. The results showed that the simulator developed, called DepoSim, is able to calculate the profile of temperature, thickness of the deposit, and the amount of wax deposited in a simple and fast way, and also with consistent results and applicable to the operation

Deposição de A/N por sputtering não reativo

In this work we deposit via non-reactive magnetron sputtering of radio-frequency nanofilmes of nitreto of aluminum(AlN). The nanofilms aluminum nitride are semiconductors materials with high thermal conductivity, high melting point, piezoelectricity and wide band gap (6, 2 eV) with hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, belonging to the group of new materials called III-V nitrides in which together with the gallium nitride and indium nitride have attracted much interest because they have physical and chemical properties relevant to new technological applications, mainly in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Three groups were deposited with thicknesses nanofilms time dependent on two substrates (glass and silicon) at a temperature of 25 ° C. The nanofilms AlN were characterized using three techniques, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM), examined the morphology of these. Through the analysis of X-rays get the thickness of each sample with its corresponding deposition rate. The analysis of X-rays also revealed that nanofilms are not crystalline, showing the amorphous character of the samples. The results obtained by the technique, atomic force microscopy (AFM) agree with those obtained using the technique of X-rays. Characterization by Raman spectroscopy revealed the existence of active modes characteristic of AlN in the samples

Desenvolvimento de um sistema a jato de plasma obtido em cátodo oco para deposição de filmes finos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Estudo da adsorção de hidrogênio e sulfeto na superfície de paládio: aspectos experimentais (eletroquímica) e teóricos (ab initio e Teoria do Funcional da Densidade)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reavaliação da eficiência de óleo de coco saponificado e de sua microemulsão como inibidores de corrosão em uma célula eletroquímica

An interesting development in surfactants science and technology is their application as corrosion inhibitors, since they act as protective films over anodic and cathodic surfaces. This work aims to investigate the efficiency of saponified coconut oil (SCO) as corrosion inhibitor and of microemulsified system (SCO + butanol + kerosene oil + distilled water), in saline medium, using an adapted instrumented cell, via techniques involving linear polarization resistance (LPR) and mass loss coupons (MLC). For this, curves of efficiency versus SCO concentration (ranging between 0 and 75 ppm) have been constructed. According to the obtained results, the following efficiency levels were reached with OCS: 98% at a 75 ppm concentration via the LPR method and 95% at 75 ppm via the MLC method. The microemulsified system, for a concentration of 15 ppm of SCO, obtained maximum inhibition of 97% (LPR) and 93% (MLC). These data indicate that it is possible to optimize the use of SCO in similar applications. Previous works have demonstrated that maximal efficiencies below 90% are attained, typically 65% as free molecules and 77% in microemulsified medium, via the LPR method in a different type of cell. Therefore, it can be concluded that the adapted instrumented cell (in those used methods) showed to be an important tool in this kind of study and the SCO was shown effective in the inhibition of the metal

Deposição de filmes de ZrO2 modificados sobre substratos metálicos

This work makes use of the Pechini process for synthesis of the solutions and the dip-coating process for the addition of zirconium oxide films pure and doped cerium metal substrates. The metals with ceramic substrates were subjected to severe conditions of salinity. The x-ray fluorescence of the substrate showed a great diversity of chemical elements. The x-ray diffraction of the samples showed the phase of iron substrate because the thickness of nano-thin film. Tests using an LPR probe showed that the film presents with zirconia corrosion independent of film thickness. The substrates of ZrO2-doped ceria showed low chemical attack of the salt in films with less than 15 dives. The results imply that ultrathin films are shown in protecting metallic substrates

Tecnologia eletroquímica como tratamento alternativo de efluentes têxteis sintéticos utilizando ânodos de platina e diamante

In this work, the treatment of synthetic wastewaters containing Remazol Red BR (RRB) and Novacron Blue C-D (NB) by anodic oxidation using boron doped diamond anodes (BDD) and Novacron Yellow (YN) using BDD and Platinum (Pt) anodes was investigated. Galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB and NB synthetic wastewaters have led to the complete decolorization removal at different operating conditions (current density, pH and temperature). The influence of these parameters was investigated in order to find the best conditions for dyestuff colour removal. According to the experimental results obtained, the electrochemical oxidation process is suitable for decolorizing wastewaters containing these textile dyes, due to the electrocatalytic properties of BDD and Pt anode. Energy requirements for removing colour during galvanostatic electrolyses of RRB, NB and YN synthetic solutions depends mainly on the operating conditions; for example for RRB, it passes from 3.30 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 4.28 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 1); 15.23 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 24.75 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 4.5); 10.80 kWh m-3 at 20 mA cm-2 to 31.5 kWh m-3 at 60 mA cm-2 (pH = 8) (data estimated per volume of treated effluent). In order to verify the Brazilian law regulations of NB and RRB synthetic solutions after electrochemical decolourisation treatment, Hazen Units values were determined and the total colour removal was achieved; remaining into the regulations. Finally, electrical energy cost for removing colour was estimated

Aplicação da tecnologia eletroquímica como alternativa para a remoção de corante têxteis em efluentes sintéticos e reais utilizando anodos de platina e diamante

In this work, electrochemical technology was used to treat synthetic wastewater containing Methyl Red (MR) and Blue Novacron (BN) by anodic oxidation using anodes platinum (Pt) and real samples of textile effluents using DDB anodes and platinum (Pt). The removal of color from the galvanostatic electrolysis of synthetic wastewater MR and BN, and the actual sample has been observed under different conditions (different current densities and temperature variation). The investigation of these parameters was performed in order to establish the best conditions for removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (BOD). According to the results obtained in this study, the electrochemical oxidation processes suitable for the degradation process of color and COD in wastewater containing such textile dyes, because the electrocatalytic properties of Pt and BDD anodes consumption energy during the electrochemical oxidation of synthetic solutions AN and MR and real sample, mainly depend on the operating parameters of operation, for example, the synthetic sample of MR, energy consumption rose from 42,00kWhm-3 in 40 mAcm-2 and 25 C to 17,50 kWhm-3 in 40mAcm-2 and 40 C, from the BN went 17,83 kWhm-3 in 40mAcm and 40°C to 14,04 kWhm- 3 in 40mAcm-2 and 40 C (data estimated by the volume of treated effluent). These results clearly indicate the applicability of electrochemical treatment for removing dyes from synthetic solutions and real industrial effluents

Conciliação entre modelos de mecanismos avançados de oxidação eletroquímica

Many pollutants dumped in waterways, such as dyes and pesticides, have become so ubiquitous that they represent a serious threat to human health. The electrochemical oxidation is presented as an alternative clean, efficient and economic degradation of wastewater containing organic compounds and a number of advantages of this technique is to just not make use of chemical reagents, since only electrical energy is consumed during the removal of pollutants organic. However, despite being a promising alternative, still needs some tweaking in order to obtain better efficiency in the elimination of persistent pollutants. Thus, this study sought a relationship between a recently discovered phenomenon that reflects the participation of dissolved oxygen in solution in the electrochemical oxidation process, as an anomaly, present a kinetic model that shows instantaneous current efficiency (ICE) above 100% limited by theory, manifested for some experiments with phenolic compounds with H2SO4 or HClO4 as supporting electrolyte with electrodes under anodic oxidation on boron doped diamond (BDD). Therefore it was necessary to reproduce the data ICE exposes the fault model, and thus the 2-naphthol was used as phenolic compound to be oxidised at concentrations of 9, 12 and 15 mmol L-1, and H2SO4 and HClO4 to 1 mol L-1 as a supporting electrolyte under a current density of 30 mA cm-2 in an electrochemical reactor for continuous flow disk configuration, and equipped with anodes DDB at room temperature (25 oC). Experiments were performed using N2 like as purge gas for eliminate oxygen dissolved in solution so that its influence in the system was studied. After exposure of the anomaly of the ICE model and investigation of its relationship with dissolved O2, the data could be treated, making it possible for confirmation. But not only that, the data obtained from eletranálise and spectroscopic analysis suggest the involvement of other strongly oxidizing species (O3 (ozone) and O radicals and O2 -), since the dissolved O2 can be consumed during the formation of new strong oxidizing species, not considered until now, something that needs to be investigated by more accurate methods that we may know a little more of this system. Currently the performance of the electrocatalytic process is established by a complex interaction between different parameters that can be optimized, so it is necessary to the implementation of theoretical models, which are the conceptual lens with which researchers see

Aplicação da técnica eletroanalítica de pulso diferencial usando o eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com cisteína para monitorar a degradação eletroquímica de ácido oxálico

In this paper, the technique of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) has been studied for monitoring the concentration of oxalic acid (OA) during their electrochemical oxidation (EO) in acidic medium using platinum anode supported on titanium (Ti / Pt). The DPV was standardized and optimized using a glassy carbon electrode modified with cysteine. The modification with cysteine was developed electrochemically, forming a polymeric film on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. The formation of the polymer film was confirmed by analysis of scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope, confirming the modification of the electrode. The electrochemical degradation was developed using different current densities 10, 20 30 and 40 mA cm -2 electrode with Ti / Pt observing the degradation of oxalic acid, and monitored using the method of KMnO4 titration. However, the analyzes with DPV showed the same behavior elimination of oxalic acid titration. Compared with the titration method classical observed and DPV could be a good fit, confidence limits of detection and confirming the applicability of the technique electroanalytical for monitoring the degradation of oxalic acid