984 resultados para Capsicum annuum L


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Mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci) y los Geminivirus, son un serio problema para los productores de tomate en Nicaragua, este complejo afecta drásticamente los rendimientos del cultivo. Se han reportado diferentes tecnologías como solución al problema, tales como el uso de microinvernadero en la etapa semillero, uso de insecticidas sintéticos y prácticas culturales en la etapa de campo, sin embargo, la problemática de la plaga aún persiste. Con el propósito de identificar alternativas que disminuyan el daño ocasionado al medio ambiente y que sean económicamente viables, se estableció la investigación en la que se comparo el efecto de alternativas botánicas y químicas sobre la poblaciones de adultos B. tabaci, porcentaje de incidencia de virus, porcentaje de severidad de virus, rendimientos y análisis económico. El ensayo se estableció en dos ambientes, uno en Tisma (Masaya) en el periodo de Octubre a Diciembre del 2009 y el otro en Camoapa (Boaco) en los meses de Abril a Junio del 2010. El diseño utilizado fue un bloque completo al azar (BCA) en ambas localidades, los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Actara 25 WG (Thiametoxam); Engeo 24,7 SC (Thiametoxam+Lambda-Cihalotrina); macerado de hojas de madero negro (Gliricidia sepium); aceite vegetal+jabón líquido, chile (Capsicum sp)+ ajo (Allium sativum)+jabón y un testigo. Los resultados encontrados fueron los siguientes: los tratamientos con engeo, aceite vegetal + jabón líquido y hojas de madero negro registraron los promedios más bajo de mosca blanca por planta tanto en Tisma como en Camoapa. Los menores porcentajes de incidencia de virus y porcentaje de severidad del daño del virus fueron en engeo, aceite vegetal+jabón líquidos y madero negro. Los mejores rendimientos fueron registrados en engeo con promedios 26581-18953 kg ha -1 y hojas de madero negro con promedios 25277-18107 kg ha -1 en Tisma (2009) y Camoapa (2010) respectivamente. El análisis económico demostró que engeo presentó una TRM de 457 % en Tisma (2009) y 696 % en Camoapa (2010).

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Signed: Auctore J.B.L.J. Billecocq.

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The first complete genome sequence of capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) from Australia was determined using a combination of Illumina HiSeq RNA and Sanger sequencing technologies. Australian CaCV had a tripartite genome structure like other CaCV isolates. The large (L) RNA was 8913 nucleotides (nt) in length and contained a single open reading frame (ORF) of 8634 nt encoding a predicted RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in the viral-complementary (vc) sense. The medium (M) and small (S) RNA segments were 4846 and 3944 nt in length, respectively, each containing two non-overlapping ORFs in ambisense orientation, separated by intergenic regions (IGR). The M segment contained ORFs encoding the predicted non-structural movement protein (NSm; 927 nt) and precursor of glycoproteins (GP; 3366 nt) in the viral sense (v) and vc strand, respectively, separated by a 449-nt IGR. The S segment coded for the predicted nucleocapsid (N) protein (828 nt) and non-structural suppressor of silencing protein (NSs; 1320 nt) in the vc and v strand, respectively. The S RNA contained an IGR of 1663 nt, being the largest IGR of all CaCV isolates sequenced so far. Comparison of the Australian CaCV genome with complete CaCV genome sequences from other geographic regions showed highest sequence identity with a Taiwanese isolate. Genome sequence comparisons and phylogeny of all available CaCV isolates provided evidence for at least two highly diverged groups of CaCV isolates that may warrant re-classification of AIT-Thailand and CP-China isolates as unique tospoviruses, separate from CaCV.

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Background Capsicum chlorosis virus (CaCV) is an emerging pathogen of capsicum, tomato and peanut crops in Australia and South-East Asia. Commercial capsicum cultivars with CaCV resistance are not yet available, but CaCV resistance identified in Capsicum chinense is being introgressed into commercial Bell capsicum. However, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms leading to the resistance response to CaCV infection is limited. Therefore, transcriptome and expression profiling data provide an important resource to better understand CaCV resistance mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings We assembled capsicum transcriptomes and analysed gene expression using Illumina HiSeq platform combined with a tag-based digital gene expression system. Total RNA extracted from CaCV/mock inoculated CaCV resistant (R) and susceptible (S) capsicum at the time point when R line showed a strong hypersensitive response to CaCV infection was used in transcriptome assembly. Gene expression profiles of R and S capsicum in CaCV- and buffer-inoculated conditions were compared. None of the genes were differentially expressed (DE) between R and S cultivars when mock-inoculated, while 2484 genes were DE when inoculated with CaCV. Functional classification revealed that the most highly up-regulated DE genes in R capsicum included pathogenesis-related genes, cell death-associated genes, genes associated with hormone-mediated signalling pathways and genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of defense-related secondary metabolites. We selected 15 genes to confirm DE expression levels by real-time quantitative PCR. Conclusion/Significance DE transcript profiling data provided comprehensive gene expression information to gain an understanding of the underlying CaCV resistance mechanisms. Further, we identified candidate CaCV resistance genes in the CaCV-resistant C. annuum x C. chinense breeding line. This knowledge will be useful in future for fine mapping of the CaCV resistance locus and potential genetic engineering of resistance into CaCV-susceptible crops.

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O objetivo desse trabalho foi formar uma população base de pimentas habanero que servirá para a seleção de genótipos de interesse da agricultura brasileira.

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A Amazônia é um importante centro de diversidade de Capsicum spp., em especial de C. chinense. Informações relativas à biologia reprodutiva são importantes para o melhoramento e conservação da espécie. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o sistema de reprodução de C. chinense. Foram avaliados cinco genótipos e quatro tratamentos: polinização natural, proteção dos botões florais, autopolinização manual e polinização cruzada manual. Os genótipos avaliados demonstraram auto-compatibilidade e reprodução como plantas autógamas.