An eDNA assay for Irish Petromyzon marinus and Salmo trutta and field validation in running water.

This pilot study presents an environmental DNA (eDNA) assay for sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and brown trout Salmo trutta, two species of economic and conservation importance in the Republic of Ireland. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of eDNA for assessing presence of low-abundance taxa (here, P. marinus) for environmental managers, and they highlight the potential for assessing relative abundance of rare or invasive freshwater species.

Desenvolvimento de filmes com microencapsulação de agentes naturais: aplicação na preservação de salmão

Dissertação de mestrado, Tecnologia dos Alimentos, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Pathogen-induced hatching and population-specific life-history response to water-borne cues in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Hatching is an important niche shift, and embryos in a wide range of taxa can either accelerate or delay this life-history switch in order to avoid stage-specific risks. Such behavior can occur in response to stress itself and to chemical cues that allow anticipation of stress. We studied the genetic organization of this phenotypic plasticity and tested whether there are differences among populations and across environments in order to learn more about the evolutionary potential of stress-induced hatching. As a study species, we chose the brown trout (Salmo trutta; Salmonidae). Gametes were collected from five natural populations (within one river network) and used for full-factorial in vitro fertilizations. The resulting embryos were either directly infected with Pseudomonas fluorescens or were exposed to waterborne cues from P. fluorescens-infected conspecifics. We found that direct inoculation with P. fluorescens increased embryonic mortality and induced hatching in all host populations. Exposure to waterborne cues revealed population-specific responses. We found significant additive genetic variation for hatching time, and genetic variation in trait plasticity. In conclusion, hatching is induced in response to infection and can be affected by waterborne cues of infection, but populations and families differ in their reaction to the latter.

Comportamiento de redes de arrastre y selectividad de la red de fondo 400/130 en el estudio de la merluza en otoño 1997

Los resultados del comportamiento de las redes de arrastre de fondo y pelágica utilizadas en el crucero de evaluación del stock de Merluza en otoño de 1997, BIC Humboldt 9705-06, muestran, según el análisis de los modelos de regresión lineal, una buena correlación entre la abertuda vertical y la abertura horizontal entre alas de la boca de la red, en todos los estratos de profundidad; y una ligera variación en el estrato II, de la relación entre la profundidad y la longitud de cable de arrastre principal; existiendo una buena correlación en los estratos I y III debido a la configuración del fondo, velocidad de arrastre, condiciones de las corrientes submarinas, medio ambiente, etc. Así tenemos que la abertura vertical y la abertura horizontal en función a la velocidad de arrastre, fue inversa y directamente proporcional con un buen grado de correlación. La selectividad de la red de arrastre de fondo Granton 400/130 con copo de 80 mm y sobre copo de 13 mm de tamaño de malla, utilizada en la evaluación del recurso merluza se realizó mediante el método de copo cubierto. Se obtuvieron ojivas naturales de retención y escape, curvas de selección por subáreas. El factor de selección para la merluza en forma general fue de 4,0 y los rangos de selección se determinaron entre 31,1 cm a 36 cm y la ojiva natural al 50% fue de 33,20 cm.

Temperature-induced sex reversal is not responsible for sex-ratio distortions in grayling Thymallus thymallus or brown trout Salmo trutta.

On the basis of the experiments carried out over various years, it was concluded that (1) grayling Thymallus thymallus and brown trout Salmo trutta are resistant to temperature-induced sex reversal at ecologically relevant temperatures, (2) environmental sex reversal is unlikely to cause the persistent sex ratio distortion observed in at least one of the study populations and (3) sex-specific tolerance of temperature-related stress may be the cause of distorted sex ratios in populations of T. thymallus or S. trutta.

Testing the effects of genetic crossing distance on embryo survival within a metapopulation of brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Predicting progeny performance from parental genetic divergence can potentially enhance the efficiency of supportive breeding programmes and facilitate risk assessment. Yet, experimental testing of the effects of breeding distance on offspring performance remains rare, especially in wild populations of vertebrates. Recent studies have demonstrated that embryos of salmonid fish are sensitive indicators of additive genetic variance for viability traits. We therefore used gametes of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) from five genetically distinct populations of a river catchment in Switzerland, and used a full factorial design to produce over 2,000 embryos in 100 different crosses with varying genetic distances (FST range 0.005-0.035). Customized egg capsules allowed recording the survival of individual embryos until hatching under natural field conditions. Our breeding design enabled us to evaluate the role of the environment, of genetic and nongenetic parental contributions, and of interactions between these factors, on embryo viability. We found that embryo survival was strongly affected by maternal environmental (i.e. non-genetic) effects and by the microenvironment, i.e. by the location within the gravel. However, embryo survival was not predicted by population divergence, parental allelic dissimilarity, or heterozygosity, neither in the field nor under laboratory conditions. Our findings suggest that the genetic effects of inter-population hybridization within a genetically differentiated meta-population can be minor in comparison to environmental effects.

A spatial modelling framework for assessing climate change impacts on freshwater ecosystems: Response of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) biomass to warming water temperature

Mountain regions worldwide are particularly sensitive to on-going climate change. Specifically in the Alps in Switzerland, the temperature has increased twice as fast than in the rest of the Northern hemisphere. Water temperature closely follows the annual air temperature cycle, severely impacting streams and freshwater ecosystems. In the last 20 years, brown trout (Salmo trutta L) catch has declined by approximately 40-50% in many rivers in Switzerland. Increasing water temperature has been suggested as one of the most likely cause of this decline. Temperature has a direct effect on trout population dynamics through developmental and disease control but can also indirectly impact dynamics via food-web interactions such as resource availability. We developed a spatially explicit modelling framework that allows spatial and temporal projections of trout biomass using the Aare river catchment as a model system, in order to assess the spatial and seasonal patterns of trout biomass variation. Given that biomass has a seasonal variation depending on trout life history stage, we developed seasonal biomass variation models for three periods of the year (Autumn-Winter, Spring and Summer). Because stream water temperature is a critical parameter for brown trout development, we first calibrated a model to predict water temperature as a function of air temperature to be able to further apply climate change scenarios. We then built a model of trout biomass variation by linking water temperature to trout biomass measurements collected by electro-fishing in 21 stations from 2009 to 2011. The different modelling components of our framework had overall a good predictive ability and we could show a seasonal effect of water temperature affecting trout biomass variation. Our statistical framework uses a minimum set of input variables that make it easily transferable to other study areas or fish species but could be improved by including effects of the biotic environment and the evolution of demographical parameters over time. However, our framework still remains informative to spatially highlight where potential changes of water temperature could affect trout biomass. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.-

Marie-Rose : drame en cinq actes. [suivi de] L'ambigu en habit neuf : prologue d'ouverture, en vers. Livr. 130 / par MM. Anicet-Bourgeois et Michel Masson ; par M. Ferdinand Dugué

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 129e et 130e livraisons

Biblia sacra, pars.

BIBLIA SACRA

Biblia sacra, pars III.

Avec prologues et « capitula ». Job (2) ; Tobias (20) ; Judith (27v) ; Esther (37) ; Macchab. I-II (46v) ; Ezechiel (84v) ; XII Proph. min. (122) ; Isaias (151v). — Epist. Pauli, depuis Rom. I, 1, jusqu'à Philipp. 21, et depuis Hebr. II, 18, jusqu'à la fin, avec Epist. ad Laodicenses (184v).

Biblia sacra, pars II.

Avec prologues. Ezechiel (1v) ; Daniel (32v) ; XII Proph. min. (45v) ; Isaias (75v) ; Jeremias (104v) ; Jeremiae Lament. et Oratio (138, 141) ; Baruch (141v). — Actus Apost. (145) ; VII Epist. canon. (164v) ; XIV Epist. Pauli (175) ; Apocalypsis I,1-XXII,13 (220v).

Biblia sacra cum Hugonis de Sancto Caro glossa, pars II.

Avec prologues et arguments. Ezechiel (1), etc. — Macchab. I-II, avec prologues de RABAN MAUR (114). — Evang. Matthaei (140v), etc. — XIV Epist. Pauli cum glossa Odonis de Castro Radulphi (260) ; Actus Apost. (354v) ; VII Epist. canon. (379) ; Apocalypsis (407). — Interpretationes nominum hebraicorum : « Aaz, apprehendens... — ... consiliatores eorum. » (439). — Interprétations de mots bibliques, classés par livres : « Osee. Comaticus... — ... Apocalypsis... Gurgula... nares contendit. » (464). — Règle pour lire la Bible : « Multi multa sciunt... » ; — Préface du Correctorium d'HUGUES DE SAINT-CHER : « Quoniam super omnes... » (Denifle, dans Archiv für Lit. und Kirchengesch., IV, 1888, 293) (467).

Biblia Clementis VII papae.

Avec prologues et arguments. Genesis (1v), etc. — Esdras I-III (146v), etc. — Oratio Salomonis (232) ; Isaias (232v), etc. — Evang. Matthaei (342v), etc. — XIV Epist. Pauli (384) ; Actus Apost. (410v), etc. — Interpretationes nominum hebraicorum : « Aaz, apprehendens... — ... consiliatores eorum. » (433). F. 464 Fragment d'un traité de droit (sur la preuve) : « ... Dixit quoque idem Innocentius quodquam jus... »

Biblia sacra.

Avec prologues et arguments. Genesis (7v), etc. — Oratio Manasse (167) ; Esdras I-III (167v), etc. — Macchab. I-II, avec prologues de RABAN MAUR (353v, 354). — Evang. Matthaei (377), etc. — XIV Epist. Pauli (421v) ; Actus Apost. (448v) ; VII Epist. canon. (462) ; Apocalypsis (467v). — Interpretationes nominum hebraicorum : « Aaz, apprehendens... — ... consiliatores eorum. » (473v). — « Ordo librorum presentis voluminis. » (513v).