Russell D James and Peter J Wosh (eds)

Public Relations and Marketing for Archives: A How-to-do-it Manual, New York, Neal-Schuman Publishers with the Society of American Archivists, 2011. xiv + 273 pp. ISBN 978-1-5557-0733-0. US$80.00 Public Relations and Marketing for Archives – A How-To-Do-It Manual provides a brief, but broad overview of the key elements of marketing, public relations and stakeholder engagement for archives...

Adding paths to resilience and daily accounts to an already rich field of inquiry: A brief commentary on James Jackson's "Social structure and health disparities"

In absolute terms, there have been improvements in social resources for all racial and ethnic groups in the United States. The rise in education levels among blacks and Hispanics, for instance, suggests a lessening of the gap between classes, beginning in the later part of the 1960’s (Kao & Thompson, 2003). Yet the divide in income and to a lesser extent education between peoples who differ in gender, skin color and ethnic origin continues and in many ways is greater now than ever (Danziger & Gottschalk, 1997); (Gottschalk, 1997). The psychological distance between those high and those low in social-economic status continues unabated and threatens to undermine the capacity of communities to foster the positive architecture of hope, optimism and equal opportunity that holds us together as a nation...

William James, Sciences of Mind, and Anti-imperial Discourse

In the past few decades, the humanities and social sciences have developed new methods of reorienting their conceptual frameworks in a “world without frontiers.” In this book, Bernadette M. Baker offers an innovative approach to rethinking sciences of mind as they formed at the turn of the twentieth century, via the concerns that have emerged at the turn of the twenty-first. The less-visited texts of Harvard philosopher and psychologist William James provide a window into contemporary debates over principles of toleration, anti-imperial discourse, and the nature of ethics. Baker revisits Jamesian approaches to the formation of scientific objects including the child mind, exceptional mental states, and the ghost to explore the possibilities and limits of social scientific thought dedicated to mind development and discipline formation around the construct of the West.

The Duet between the Author and the Translator: An Analysis of Style through Shifts in Literary Translation

The study proposes a method for identifying the personal imprint of literary translators in translated works of fiction. The initial assumption was that the style of a target text is not determined solely by the literary style of the author but also by features of its translator s idiolect. A method was developed for identifying the idiolectal features of individual translators, which were then used to describe personal translation styles. The method is not restricted to a particular language pair. To test the method and to establish the nature of the proposed personal imprint empirically, extracts from four English-language literary source texts (two novels by James Joyce and two by Ernest Hemingway) were first compared with their translations into Finnish (by four different translators) in order to identify changes, or shifts, that had taken place at the formal linguistic level in the translation process. To allow individual propensities to manifest themselves, only optional shifts in which the translators had a range of choices available to them were included in the study. In the second phase, extracts by different authors rendered into Finnish by the same translator were compared in order to gauge the extent of the potential impact of the author's style on the translator's work. In-depth analysis of the types of shifts made most frequently by the individual translators revealed further intersubjective differences, and the shifts were used to construct translation profiles for each of the translators. In order to determine the potential effects of frequently occurring shifts on the target text, some central concepts of narratology were adapted and used to establish an intermediate link between microlevel choices and macrolevel effects. In this way the propensity of an individual translator to opt for certain types of shift could be linked with the overall artistic effect of the target text.

Meillä ei ole ikuisia ystäviä eikä ikuisia vihollisia. Ikuisia ovat meidän omat etumme. : Suomen suhteet Kiinan kansantasavaltaan 1949 - 1989

"We have neither Eternal Friends nor Eternal Enemies. We have only Eternal Interests .Finland's Relations with China 1949-1989 The study focuses on the relations between Finland and the People s Republic of China from 1949-1989 and examines how a small country became embroiled in international politics, and how, at the same time, international politics affected Finnish-Chinese relations and Finland s China policy formulation. The study can be divided into three sections: relations during the early years, 1949-1960, before the Chinese and Soviet rift became public; the relations during the passive period during the 1960s and 1970s; and the impact of China s Open Door policy on Finland s China policy from 1978-1989. The diplomatically challenging events around Tiananmen Square and the reactions which followed in Finland bring the study to a close. Finland was among the first Western countries to recognise the People s Republic and to establish diplomatic relations with her, thereby giving Finland an excellent position from which to further develop good relations. Finland was also the first Western country to sign a trade agreement with China. These two factors meant that Finland was able to enjoy a special status with China during the 1950s. The special status was further strengthened by the systematic support of the government of Finland for China's UN membership. The solid reputation earned in the 1950s had to carry Finland all the way through to the 1980s. For the two decades in between, during the passive policy period of the 1960s and 1970s, relations between Finland and the Soviet Union also determined the state of foreign relations with China. Interestingly, however, it appeared that President Urho Kekkonen was encouraged by Ambassador Joel Toivola to envisage a more proactive policy towards China, but the Cultural Revolution cut short any such plan for nearly twenty years. Because of the Soviet Union, Finland held on to her passive China policy, even though no such message was ever received from the Soviet Union. In fact, closer relationships between Finland and China were encouraged through diplomatic channels. It was not until the presidency of Mauno Koivisto that the first high-level ministerial visit was made to China when, in 1984, Foreign Minister Paavo Väyrynen visited the People s Republic. Finnish-Chinese relations were lifted to a new level. Foreign Minister Väyrynen, however, was forced to remove the prejudices of the Chinese. In 1985, when the Speaker of the Finnish Parliament, Erkki Pystynen visited China he also discovered that Finland s passive China policy had caused misunderstandings amongst the Chinese politicians. The number of exchanges escalated in the wake of the ground-breaking visit by Foreign Minister Väyrynen: Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa visited China in 1986 and President Koivisto did so in 1988. President Koivisto stuck to practical, China-friendly policies: his correspondence with Li Peng, the attitude taken by the Finnish government after the Tiananmen Square events and the subsequent choices made by his administration all pointed to a new era in relations with China.

Liian huono kansalaiseksi? : Kansalaisihanne sterilisaatioasiakirjoissa v. 1935-1949

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan moderniin kansalaisuuteen sisältyneitä normeja ja ihanteita, joita analysoidaan vuoden 1935 sterilisaatiolain toteuttamisessa syntyneiden asiakirjojen kautta. Pyrkimyksenä on löytää asiakirjoihin implisiittisesti kirjatut hyvän elämän ja kansalaisuuden kriteerit. Työn laajemman kehyksen muodostaa suomalaisen modernisaation ja ns. uuden keskiluokan analyysi erityisesti lääketieteen ja huoltotoimen asiantuntijaviranomaisten avulla. Rotuhygienian tarkastelu avaa uuden väylän tutkia moderniin kansalaisuuteen liittyneitä määreitä. Rotuhygienia ja erityisesti sen käytäntöön soveltaminen sterilisaatiolain muodossa tarjoaa kansalaisuuden näkökulmalle konkreettisen ja fokusoidun tutkimuskohteen. Sterilisaatioasiakirjoissa kristallisoituu lääketieteellisin perustein tehty huonon kansalaisen määrittely. Tutkimus rakentuu kolmesta pääluvusta. Ensin käydään läpi vuoden 1935 sterilisaatiolain toteuttamista yleisesti aikaisemman tutkimuksen perusteella, minkä jälkeen tarkennetaan kuvaa otoksista saatujen tulosten avulla. Seuraavassa luvussa tarkastellaan hyvän elämän kriteerejä oikeanlaisen elämänkulun hahmottamisen avulla. Viimeinen pääluku keskittyy modernin kansalaisen muotokuvan rakentamiseen normeiksi määrittyvien fysionomisten ja seksuaalisten sekä luonne- ja älykkyysominaisuuksien palasilla. Normaali, terve kansalainen oli lapsesta asti sekä fyysisiltä että psyykkisiltä ominaisuuksiltaan normien mukaan kehittynyt. Hänessä ei ilmennyt diagnosoitavia häiriötiloja vaan hänen yksilöllinen elämänsä noudatti sisäsyntyistä "luonnollista" elämänkulkua. Fyysiseltä olemukseltaan ihannekansalainen oli sopusuhtainen, säännönmukainen ja mahdollisimman symmetrinen. Normaali kansalainen oli alistanut viettinsä rationaalin alle. Hän hallitsi tunteitaan ja elämäänsä järkevästi niitä itse tietoisesti ohjaillen. Seksuaaliviettinsä ihannekansalainen oli rajannut porvarillisen avioliiton alueelle, ja sielläkin sukupuolielämän tehtävänä oli reproduktio uusien kansalaisten tuottajana. Viettielämän hallitsemattomuus ja ylivalta suhteessa yksilön järjen tahtoon osoitti sisäsyntyistä rappiota, degeneraatiota, jolloin vajaan, epänormaalin yksilön elämä oli jäänyt lapsen tai lähes eläimen tasolle. Normaali kansalainen kulki jatkuvan yksilöllisen kehityksen polkua, jonka tarkoituksena oli saattaa atavistiset piirteet ja vietit järjen ja sivistyksen tuoman hallinnan alle.Ihannekansalaisen evolutionääriseen kehitykseen kuului valintojen tekeminen yhteneväisinä kansallisvaltion päämäärien kanssa. Hän kykeni elättämään itsensä ja perheensä mahdollisimman itsenäisesti muiden apuun turvautumatta. Hän eli kristillisten moraaliarvojen mukaisesti rehellisyydessä, säästäväisyydessä ja anteeksiannossa. Modernin ihannekansalaisen kasvatus alkoi kotona, jossa häntä oli hoidettu ja kasvatettu normien mukaisesti sekä oikeanlaisessa tunnesuhteessa äitiinsä. Indoktrinoiva kasvatus ja ohjaus ihannekansalaisuuteen jatkui koulussa. Tutkimukseni osoittaa kristilliseen opetukseen sisältyneiden arvojen ja moraalikäsitysten jatkumon objektiiviksi kutsutuissa moderneissa (luonnon-)tieteissä. Tieteen avulla perustellut käsitykset työnteosta, sukupuolimoraalista sekä auktoriteetin ylivallasta ovat verrattavissa luterilaisen opin sisältöihin. Avainsanat: Kansalainen, sterilisaatio, rotuhygienia, moderni keskiluokka, älykkyys

Stenotaphrum secundatum, Buffalo Grass 'Sir James'

Spontaneous mutation: discovered in February 2001 as a superior plant growing among “Common” buffalo grass growing on the breeder’s property at Saltash in the Hunter Valley (NSW). The selected material has smaller (finer) leaves and showed better growth and colour than the parent variety with minimal inputs (water, fertiliser) under stressful climatic conditions. Subsequently, it also showed better leaf colour retention than the parent variety during winter. A vegetative plug taken from the original plant has now undergone four subsequent vegetative divisions to expand the original material for performance trials in NSW and Queensland without showing any discernible off types. Main selection criteria: winter colour retention, small leaves, low fertiliser requirement. Propagation: vegetative. Breeder: Brent Redman, Maitland North, NSW. PBR Certificate Number 2715, Application Number 2002/283, granted 18 March 2005.

Ilse Goldschmidt nee Molling with her sons Ernest and Frank Goldschhmidt on her 80th birthday; Laguna Hills, California.

Left to Right: Ernest Goldschmidt, Ilse Goldschmidt born Molling, and Frank Goldschmidt. The picture was taken on the occasion of Ilse's 80th birthday party 22 Dec 1989 Laguna Hills, CA.

Portrait of Ralph and Joan Grahme with Ralph's sister Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk and her husband James at restaurant "Old Vienna"; London, England.

Left to right: Ralph Grahme, Joan Grahme, Ilse Schuster nee Gottschalk, and James Schuster;

Ilse Goldschmidt nee Molling with her sons Ernest and Frank Goldschhmidt on her 80th birthday; Laguna Hills, California.

Left to Right: Ernest Goldschmidt, Ilse Goldschmidt born Molling, and Frank Goldschmidt. The picture was taken on the occasion of Ilse's 80th birthday party 22 Dec 1989 Laguna Hills, CA.

Critically endangered Pristis microdon (Elasmobranchii), as a host for the Indian parasitic copepod, Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar et Murti, 1949 (Siphonostomatoida): New records from northern Australia.

This paper presents the first records of the parasitic copepod Caligus furcisetifer Redkar, Rangnekar et Murti, 1949 beyond Indian waters, specifically, on the body surface and head of the critically endangered largetooth sawfish (commonly referred to as the freshwater sawfish in Australia), Pristis microdon Latham, 1794 (Elasmobranchii, Pristidae), in brackish tidal waters of the Fitzroy River in the Kimberley region of Western Australia and the Leichhardt River in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Queensland. This represents a geographic range extension of similar to 8000 km for this parasite. Further, it is only the second member of the genus Caligus to be found on an elasmobranch host in Western Australia and it is the first time this species has been reported from the Southern Hemisphere. Male biased dispersal of P microdon may be the vector in which the parasite has dispersed from India across to northern Australia, or vice versa. A decline in populations of the critically endangered P microdon (and possibly other pristid species) in these regions may lead to a concomitant decline in their parasite fauna.

Ernest Krakauer outdoors.

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