1000 resultados para Alimentação do sistema
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'Introdução à alimentação e nutrição' é a primeira unidade do Módulo Eletivo 01 do Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Pessoa Idosa da UNA-SUS/UERJ "Nutriçao da pessoa idosa". Nesta unidade abordaremos os hábitos alimentares, destacando sua importância em estabelecer relações entre os alimentos e a saúde do indivíduo.
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Ilustração de uma balança onde opõe-se a boa e má alimentação.
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Representação do sistema digestivo humano
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Atualmente, observa-se um envelhecimento populacional, levando a um aumento na demanda de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e que juntamente com as alterações fisiológicas e situações individuais que ocorrem com o envelhecimento, interferem no estado nutricional do indivíduo. Sabe-se que a alimentação é uma necessidade humana básica e como tal é de vital importância para que o idoso tenha uma vida de qualidade. Ressalta-se também que a alimentação é importante para prevenir doenças, bem como evitar agravos na saúde do indivíduo, não devendo, portanto, ser desprezada, nem pelo idoso e nem pela equipe de saúde que assiste ao idoso. Este estudo focaliza as alterações geradas pelo processo de envelhecimento no sistema gastrintestinal porque elas não interferem apenas no apetite em face de diminuição gradativa dos sentidos olfatório, gustativo, visual e tátil, mas também, nas próprias funções do sistema gastrointestinal, que repercute nos processos de absorção de determinados nutrientes e leva a uma maior fragilidade do idoso. Algumas dessas alterações incluem a perda dos dentes; diminuição da produção de saliva e das papilas gustativas o que acarreta dificuldades na mastigação e deglutição dos alimentos. Destacam-se também as medidas relacionadas a uma alimentação saudável, que devem fazer parte das ações trabalhadas pela Equipe de Saúde da Família ao idoso e sua família. Assim, decidiu-se delinear o objetivo do trabalho que é relatar a experiência relacionada a implementação de uma proposta para orientação a pessoa idosa sobre os hábitos alimentares saudáveis. O estudo é descritivo do tipo relato de experiência. O cenário do estudo foi a unidade de Saúde da Família Jardins, localizada no Município de Carmo da Mata/MG. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados de informações do município, como o sistema de informação da atenção básica, cadastro familiar, sistema de informação de pré-natal, sistema de vigilância alimentar e nutricional e fichas de anamnese da alimentação do idoso, artigos, periódicos, teses e dissertações publicadas na Biblioteca virtual de saúde e scielo, bem como livros da área de gerontologia. Os resultados mostraram que a equipe do programa de saúde da família "Jardins" teve a oportunidade de refletir sobre as ações realizadas, e conhecer melhor a realidade dos problemas de saúde enfrentados pelos idosos de sua área de abrangência, o que contribuiu para o planejamento das ações de promoção da alimentação saudável do idoso e execução das atividades propostas. Para concluir destaca-se que para orientar a pessoa idosa sobre a alimentação do idoso requer conhecimento, atenção e principalmente paciência, não apenas por parte da família, como também do próprio idoso, e de toda a equipe que presta cuidados a essa clientela, para que o idoso possa conquistar uma melhor qualidade de vida.
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A hipertensão arterial é uma doença basicamente detectável por meio da medida da pressão arterial; caracteriza-se por ser uma doença crônica, silenciosa, de grande prevalência na população que requer grande atenção devido ao seu potencial de gerar complicações. Um sistema de saúde organizado apresenta boa capacidade de enfrentamento desta problemática. A cidade de Inhapi-Al apresenta alta prevalência de pacientes com hipertensão arterial que a despeito do tratamento farmacológico adequado não controlam a cifras de tensão arterial, devido aos maus hábitos de vida e alimentação. Desse modo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi elaborar um Projeto de Intervenção sobre hábitos alimentares associados à hipertensão arterial no intuito de melhorar o controle e reduzir a incidência de hipertensão entre a população da área de abrangência da equipe. Foram selecionados do universo de pacientes o total de hipertensos cadastrados na área. Realizaram-se orientações sobre alimentação saudável utilizando diferentes técnicas educativas e o acompanhamento dos pacientes para o controle da hipertensão foi realizado durante as consultas e visitas domiciliares apoiando-se na participação de todos os membros da equipe. O desenvolvimento do Plano de Intervenção baseou-se no Método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional e na revisão da literatura realizada na BVS, LILACS e SCIELO cuja localização de artigos, teses, dissertações e documentos técnicos se deu a partir das palavras-chaves: Hipertensão arterial, estilo de vida, alimentação e maus hábitos alimentares. A maior compreensão sobre a hipertensão arterial, a necessidade de capacitação da equipe e sua efetiva participação, a estruturação do processo de trabalho e o enfrentamento de outros nós críticos, foi necessário para que o projeto seja realizado com êxito, ou seja, obter, a diminuição das cifras pressóricas dos pacientes hipertensos.
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Multi-element analyses of sediment samples from the Santos-Cubatão Estuarine System were carried out to investigate the spatial and seasonal variability of trace-element concentrations. The study area contains a rich mangrove ecosystem that is a habitat for tens of thousands of resident and migratory birds, some of them endangered globally. Enrichments of metals in fine-grained surface sediments are, in decreasing order, Hg, Mn, La, Ca, Sr, Cd, Zn, Pb, Ba, Cu, Cr, Fe, Nb, Y, Ni and Ga, relative to pre-industrial background levels. The maximum enrichment ranged from 49 (Hg) to 3.1 (Ga). Mercury concentrations were greater in the Cubatão river than in other sites, while the other elements showed greater concentrations in the Morrão river. Concentrations of Mn were significantly greater in winter and autumn than in summer and spring. However, other elements (e.g. Cd and Pb) showed the opposite, with greater concentrations in summer and spring. This study suggests that seasonal changes in physical and chemical conditions may affect the degree of sediment enrichment and therefore make the assessment of contamination difficult. Consequently, these processes need to be considered when assessing water quality and the potential contamination of biota.
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A solid-phase in-line extraction system for water samples containing low levels of emerging contaminants is described. The system was specially developed for large volume samples (up to 4 L) using commercial solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Four sets containing PTFE-made connectors, brass adapters and ball valves were used to fit SPE cartridges and sample bottles to a 4-port manifold attached to a 20 L carboy. A lab-made vacuum device was connected to the manifold cap. The apparatus is robust and less expensive than the typical available system. Its also provides less experimental handling, avoiding cross contamination and sample losses.
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The difficulty in adapting European dairy cows breeds in Brazil affect considerably the milk production sector. Brazilian climatic conditions are not totally favorable and the development of new tecnologies is needed for the animals express their genetic potential, as well as their best feed conversion. An economical analysis of the applied investment in the free-stall climatization equipment in dairy housing, for estimating studies related to profit, possibility of return investment as well as time for this return is necessary. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of climatization investment in the milk production process and analyze the economical aspect of this investment. There were used 470 high productive dairy cows with genetic and morphologic homogeneous characteristics, and analyzed in two similar periods. Investment calculations were done using Excell®. The results were satisfactory and the invested capital was proved to return to the producer in a short term, 57 days.
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In the last few years the sugar-cane mechanical harvested area has increased, especially in regions with appropriated slop. The use of this technology brings some inconveniences, such as, the increase in the percentage of extraneous matter, which causes the reduction of technological quality of the raw material, and losses in the field. Extraneous matter (trash) is composed of tops and leaves in major percentage, plus soil and roots, and eventually some metal parts. In the green cane harvest system the percentage of extraneous matter has a tendency to increase due to the great amount of vegetal matter to be processed. The increase in the blower fan speed to reduce the amount of extraneous matter can lead to an unacceptable economic level of raw material losses. The main objective of this work was, using a cane loss monitor, to evaluate and quantify the amount of visible losses of sugar cane through the primary extractor at two different fan speeds. Afterwards these losses were related to the harvester cleaning efficiency. The piezoelectric transducer shows a reasonable sensibility. The results show that the cleaning efficiency in the primary extractor (85% mean), the cane losses (between 5.68% and 2.15%) and fan speed are interrelated. The total losses and specially splinters (between 3.19% and 0.91%), showed a significant difference among the treatments.
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One of the problems found in mechanical harvest of sugar cane is the lack of synchronism between the harvest machine and the infield wagon, causing crop losses as well as operational capacity. The objective of the present research was to design a system capable of helping to synchronize the sugar cane harvest machine with the wagon. The communication between tractor and harvest machine is wireless. Two ultrasound sensors coupled to the elevator and a microprocessor manage such information, generating a correct synchronization among the machines. The system was tested in laboratory and on field performing its function adequately, maintaining the two machines in synchronization, indicating and alerting the operators their relative positions. The developed system reduced the sugar cane lost in 60 kg ha-1 comparing to the harvest with the system turned off.
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The MINUS system was developed as a minimally invasive procedure that uses a diaphyseal cephalic extramedullary implant for the treatment of transtrochanteral fractures of the femur in elderly patients. The implant consists of a sliding screw coupled to a plate adapted to the minimally invasive technique. The surgical access is approximately three centimeters in length located on the lateral surface of the hip, below the projection of the small trochanter. A perfectly adapted instrument was used for the procedure, which also requires the use of an image intensifier, reducing surgery time and rate of bleeding. The objective of this study is to present a new instrument and implant, developed specifically for treatment with the minimally invasive technique, reducing the length of the conventional surgical access from 10 to three centimetres. This new implant was given the commercial name of MINUS System.
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Problems identified in the study and analysis of the phonology of Brazilian Indian languages belonging to the Macro-Jê branch such as Kaingang, Maxakali, and Mebengokre led the author to confirm the accuracy of some intuitions on the part of Piggott (1992) and Rice (1993) on dealing with relations between nasality and sonorancy (D'Angelis 1998). The applicability of the approach to the distinct processes of nasality and nasalization in Portuguese was verified with surprising results that recover some intuitions of Trubetzkoy (1939) and contribute to reconfirm the Mattoso Câmara's (1953; 1970) considerations, but at the same time go beyond them. This article presents the result of this investigation and its conclusions that suggest the validity and the necessity of reexamining even the phonemic inventory of the Portuguese language, an issue not at all questioned in the teaching of phonology, to take into account the linguistic changes in the phonological system of that language in the last fifty years.
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This text which discusses the central theme of the National Conference on Education (CONAE), held in Brasília from 28th March to 1st April 2010, deals with the concept of a National System of Education in articulation with the National Plan of Education. To that end, after pointing to the basic uses of the concept of system, it discusses the question of the National System of Education exploring the federative question in order to reveal the complete compatibility of the organization of the National System of Education with the federative regime. Thereafter, it deals with the historical meaning of the National Plan of Education demonstrating that the plan is a demand of the system, since planned action is implicit in systematized education. Thus the National Plan of Education is fulfilling those goals and objectives for which it is responsible.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positive predictive value for BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) categories 3, 4 and 5, correlating mammographic and histological diagnosis in non-palpable breast lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical-descriptive study of 169 women submitted to stereotactic localization for surgical biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions. Mammographic and histological findings were correlated, analyzing the predictive positive value for each category. RESULTS: Forty-two (24.8%) cases were diagnosed with breast cancer - only one in category 3, 19 in category 4, and 22 in category 5. The positive predictive value for categories 3, 4A, 4B, 4C and 5 were, respectively, 3.4%, 10.3%, 11.3%, 36% and 91.7%. Microcalcifications were the most frequent finding related to malignancy, present in 61.5% of these cases. CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated that BI-RADS allows a safe prediction of high suspicion of malignancy in lesions category 5 and low suspicion for category 3. As regards the category 4, the positive predictive value has shown a progressive increase in subcategories A, B and C, demonstrating that this subclassification represents an invaluable contribution for a more detailed and accurate assessment of lesions suspicious for malignancy.
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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física