A set of polymorphic microsatellite loci for the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians

The method of creating enriched microsatellite libraries can supply an abundant source of microsatellite sequences at a considerably reduced cost. Here we report the development of 15 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians, using enrichment protocol. Polymorphism was assessed in a sample of hatchery population (n = 38) revealing three to seven alleles per locus. The expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.198 to 0.813 and from 0.083 to 0.833, respectively. These markers will be useful for genetic variation monitoring and parentage analysis.

正交实验研究白刺种子尿囊素提取工艺

利用高效液相色谱法测定尿囊素的含量,本文采用正交实验,对白刺种子尿囊素的提取工艺进行了优化.结果表明各因素对尿囊素的提取效果的影响程度为乙醇浓度＞温度＞料液比＞提取时间＞提取次数.从而确定白刺种子中尿囊素的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度为60%,料液比为1∶12(W/V),提取温度为80℃,提取时间为1 h,重复提取3次.

藏成药安神丸脂溶性提取物对大鼠脂质代谢及抗氧化功能的影响

目的 观察藏成药安神丸饱和脂及不饱和脂提取物对大鼠脂质代谢及抗氧化功能的影响。方法 测定连续ig给药4周、8周及给药8周又停药4周后大鼠血清中丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）及高密谋脂蛋白（HDL）的含量。结果 安神丸的脂溶性提取物可明显增加较大龄鼠血清中的GSH和HDL含量。结论 安神丸脂溶性提取物可改善较大龄鼠脂质代谢功能，提高其抗氧化能力。

藏药牦牛骨主要矿物质元素及其特征

采用220FS原子吸收光谱仪测定了传统藏药牦牛骨中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Cd等12种矿物质元素含量。结果显示，藏药牦牛骨中含有丰富的矿物质元素，对儿童和青少年骨骼的生长发育，中老年骨质疏松症预防有着极为重要的营养学和治疗意义，开发前景广阔。

The boundary of palaearctic and oriental realms in western China

In the world-wide zoogeographic division, there has been no consentaneous understanding about the delimitation between palaearctic and oriental realms in western China. In this study, we will discuss the division based on amphibian distribution in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet according to species coefficient similarity between each zoogeographic province. The results show that the northern border lies from Qinling Mountains-Feng Xian (Shaanxi)-Debu (Gansu)-Aba (Sichuan)-Batang-Bomi (Tibet), to Linzhi districts, and the southern border is from Taibai-Feng Xian in Shaanxi-Wen Xian (Gansu)-Songpan-Kangding-Daocheng (Sichuan), to Zhongdian-Gongshan in Yunnan, and westward to Motuo and Bomi district in Tibet. (c) 2008 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.

土法炼锌导致Cd对土壤-农作物系统污染的研究

采用现场取样及室内分析方法，研究了贵州省赫章县的土法炼锌活动导致Cd对当地土壤-农作物系统的污染状况及规律。结果表明，炼锌污染土壤Cd含量高达5．3～144．7mg·k^-1，且Cd在土壤中的累积程度随着冶炼时间的增长而加剧。形态分析结果显示，土壤中的CaCl2和DTPA提取态Cd分别占全量的2．47％～16．80％和3．18％～10．11％，随着Cd在土壤中累积时间的加长，CaCl2和DTPA提取态Cd的百分含量均呈显著下降趋势。土壤污染导致农作物体内Cd的明显蓄积，玉米、土豆和大豆三类当地主要农作物可食部分Cd含量分别为1．8、4．8和2．0mg·kg^-1，分别超过国家粮食卫生标准9、24和10倍。相关分析结果显示，CaCl2提取态Cd与农作物中Cd含量没有相关关系，而DTPA提取态Cd和全量Cd与农作物根和茎叶中Cd含量显著正相关。

新疆萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床石英的^40Ar／^39Ar快中子活化年龄及其意义

对新疆西南天山萨瓦亚尔顿金矿床成矿主阶段的石英样品进行了^40Ar/^39Ar快中子活化测定，谱线特征为马鞍型，其坪年龄为210.59Ma±0.99Ma，最小视年龄为208.07Ma±1.22Ma，等时线年龄为207.14Ma±1.92Ma，三者均十分接近，说明所测石英样品的年龄真实可靠，坪年龄代表了含金石英脉的形成时代-相当于印支晚期，结合西南天山大区域内金，铜及其他矿种的成矿部分集中在印支期这一现象，认为西南天山在印支期一定存在着某种缺其不可的成矿作用的关键因素。在区域内统一制约着矿床的形成。

Características agronômicas de bananeira Terra, cv. D'Angola, em consórcio com açaizeiro (Euterpe precatoria Mart.).

O sistema de cultivo em consórcio de fruteiras com outras culturas, sejam anuais, semiperenes ou perenes, constitui uma boa alternativa para propriedades rurais e uma importante forma de recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento de bananeira, cv. D'Angola, em monocultivo e consorciada com açaizeiro, Euterpe precatoria, em diferentes espaçamentos, no primeiro ciclo de produção. Para tanto, foi instalado um experimento seguindo um delineamento em blocos casualizados completos com quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos foram: T1 ? bananeira em 3 m x 3 m (1.111 plantas ha-1); T2 ? bananeira em 3 m x 2 m (1.666 plantas ha-1) com açaizeiro em 3 m x 4 m (833 plantas ha-1); T3 ? bananeira em 3 m x 3 m (1.111 plantas ha-1) com açaizeiro em 3 m x 4 m (833 plantas ha-1); T4 ? bananeira em 4 m x 2 m x 2 m (1.666 plantas ha-1) com açaizeiro em 6 m x 3 m (555 plantas ha-1) e T5 ? bananeira em 4 m x 2 m x 2 m (1.666 plantas ha-1) com açaizeiro em 4 m x 2 m x 3 m (1.111 plantas ha-1). O sistema de cultivo da bananeira terra consorciada com açaizeiro em diferentes espaçamentos pode ser considerado como boa alternativa no primeiro ciclo, pois não apresentou interferência nas características de desenvolvimento, de produção e qualidade física dos frutos. Os plantios mais adensados propiciaram maiores produtividades no primeiro ciclo da cultura.

Toward a European Army: A Military Power in the Making?

Shepherd, Alistair, and T. C. Salmon, Toward a European Army: A Military Power in the Making? (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2003), pp.x+237 RAE2008

Dolutegravir plus Abacavir-Lamivudine for the treatment of HIV-1 infection

BACKGROUND: Dolutegravir (S/GSK1349572), a once-daily, unboosted integrase inhibitor, was recently approved in the United States for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in combination with other antiretroviral agents. Dolutegravir, in combination with abacavir-lamivudine, may provide a simplified regimen. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 study involving adult participants who had not received previous therapy for HIV-1 infection and who had an HIV-1 RNA level of 1000 copies per milliliter or more. Participants were randomly assigned to dolutegravir at a dose of 50 mg plus abacavir-lamivudine once daily (DTG-ABC-3TC group) or combination therapy with efavirenz-tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DF)-emtricitabine once daily (EFV-TDF-FTC group). The primary end point was the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter at week 48. Secondary end points included the time to viral suppression, the change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count, safety, and viral resistance. RESULTS: A total of 833 participants received at least one dose of study drug. At week 48, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of less than 50 copies per milliliter was significantly higher in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (88% vs. 81%, P = 0.003), thus meeting the criterion for superiority. The DTG-ABC-3TC group had a shorter median time to viral suppression than did the EFV-TDF-FTC group (28 vs. 84 days, P<0.001), as well as greater increases in CD4+ T-cell count (267 vs. 208 per cubic millimeter, P<0.001). The proportion of participants who discontinued therapy owing to adverse events was lower in the DTG-ABC-3TC group than in the EFV-TDF-FTC group (2% vs. 10%); rash and neuropsychiatric events (including abnormal dreams, anxiety, dizziness, and somnolence) were significantly more common in the EFV-TDF-FTC group, whereas insomnia was reported more frequently in the DTG-ABC-3TC group. No participants in the DTG-ABC-3TC group had detectable antiviral resistance; one tenofovir DF-associated mutation and four efavirenz-associated mutations were detected in participants with virologic failure in the EFV-TDF-FTC group. CONCLUSIONS: Dolutegravir plus abacavir-lamivudine had a better safety profile and was more effective through 48 weeks than the regimen with efavirenz-tenofovir DF-emtricitabine. Copyright © 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Modelo matemático para la determinación de las tarifas sociales destinadas a los clientes residenciales del servicio eléctrico

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar, a los estudiantes de los niveles superiores, los procedimientos principales de construcción de modelos matemáticos para resolver situaciones problemáticas que se manifiestan en la realidad cotidiana en el desarrollo de una determinada actividad profesional y como objetivo específico establecer alternativas de tarifas sociales con destino a núcleos de clientes perfectamente identificados en cuanto a su calidad, por su escasa capacidad de pago, y aproximadamente delimitados en cuanto a la cantidad. Bajo la denominación de tarifa social de cualquier servicio público se entiende a aquellas tarifas que, siguiendo distintos mecanismos, se subsidian implícita o explícitamente, parcial o totalmente, para beneficiar a ciertos sectores de usuarios con un determinado fin. Para tener una herramienta de análisis que permita simular distintas escenarios con el fin de fijar los subsidios a la tarifa de los clientes residenciales y tomar decisiones al respecto, se elaboró un modelo matemático que describe esta situación. Después del análisis de validación del modelo, mediante el trazado de superficies y curvas de nivel con la ayuda del medio lógico Derive, se realizó una simulación numérica a fin de acotar los resultados posibles que satisfagan los requerimientos impuestos por la situación problemática a resolver. Finalmente se concluye el trabajo con la especificación de la tarifa social buscada.