Comparação entre o TRIS, Lactose/TRIS, Ringer-Lactato e Leite Desnatado como diluidores na criopreservação do sêmen bubalino

O objetivo do experimento foi testar a eficácia de diferentes diluidores, a base de Ringer-Lactato, Leite Desnatado, TRIS (hidroxi-methil-amino-methan) e Lactose/TRIS, na criopreservação de sêmen bubalino. Foram utilizados três machos bubalinos da raça Murrah em plena atividade sexual. O sêmen foi colhido por vagina artificial totalizando 71 ejaculados. Após a colheita, cada amostra foi submetida às análises qualitativas e quantitativas do sêmen. Os ejaculados foram fracionados e diluídos nos quatro diluidores. O sêmen diluído foi envasado em palhetas de 0,25ml e submetidos a um tempo de equilíbrio de até quatro horas a 5ºC, com posterior congelação em nitrogênio líquido. As amostras identificadas foram descongeladas em banho maria à temperatura de 40°C por 30 segundos e seqüencialmente avaliadas quanto a motilidade, vigor, lesão de acrossoma, e percentual de patologias espermáticas. As amostras também foram submetidas ao teste de termo-resistência, permanecendo incubadas à temperatura de 40°C durante 30 segundos, 3-5 minutos, 30 minutos, 1 hora, 2 horas e 3 horas, onde foram avaliadas quanto a motilidade e o vigor espermático. As características físicoquímicas, após análise do sêmen in natura, encontraram-se dentro dos valores preconizados para a espécie bubalina e satisfatórios para o processo de congelação. Após descongelação do sêmen, observou redução numérica estatística (p<0,05) na motilidade espermática, sendo que no sêmen in natura se observou 86,67±6,17% reduzindo para 70±6,92% em TRIS, 67,4±8,01% em Ringer/lactato, 67,09±9,03% em Lactose/TRIS e 59,7±9,05% em leite desnatado e ao comparar entre os quatro tratamentos apenas o Leite desnatado mostrou diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05). Após descongelação, o vigor espermático também diminuiu estatisticamente (p<0,05) nos quatro tratamentos (3,50±0,53 TRIS; 3,38±0,49 Ringer-lactato; 3,3±0,46 Lactose/TRIS e 3,25±0,44 Leite desnatado) versus (4±0,39 sêmen in natura) e ao comparar entre os tratamento, apenas entre Leite desnatado e TRIS se observou diferença estatística (p<0,05). Quanto aos defeitos maiores (4,15±1,9% sêmen in natura; 10,51±4,4% TRIS; 11,94±4,2% Ringer-Lactato; 11,88±4,8% Lactose/TRIS; 12,01±5% Leite desnatado), menores (3,81±1,2% sêmen in natura; 4,67±1,1% TRIS; 4,98±1,7% Ringer-Lactato; 4,93±2,0% Lactose/TRIS; 4,93±2,0% Leite desnatado) e totais (7,91±2,1% sêmen in natura; 15,18±4,7% TRIS; 16,92±4,8% Ringer-Lactato; 16,82±5,6% Lactose/TRIS; 17,11±5,6% Leite desnatado), após descongelação houve aumento significativo dos defeitos nos quatro tratamentos (p<0,05), e entre eles não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre si (p>0,05). Na fase pós-TTR, após 3 horas de incubação, a motilidade progressiva (TRIS 21,13±7,5%; Ringer-Lactato 20,78±7,4%; Lactose/TRIS 20,25±5,3%; Leite desnatado 20,12±6,6%) e vigor espermático (TRIS 2,04±0,5; Ringer-Lactato 2,07±0,5; Lactose/TRIS 2,02±0,4; Leite desnatado 2,00±0,5) não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos (p<0,05). Quanto a intergridade do acrossoma, após a descongelação (Sêmen in natura 97,85±0,6%; TRIS 91,65±4,3%; Ringer-Lactato 90,46±4,8%; Lactose/TRIS 89,76±5,4%; Leite desnatado 90,56±5,6%), houve diminuição estatística (p<0,05) e quando se comparou tal parâmetro entre os tratamentos não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamento (p>0,05). Diante dos resultados observados é possível concluir que a congelação de sêmen de búfalo com os diluidores TRIS (Trishydroxy- methyl-amino-methan), Ringer-Lactato, Lactose/TRIS, e Leite desnatado mostraram satisfatória função de crioproteção na viabilidade espermática do sêmen nas diferentes etapas da criopreservação.

Parâmetros vocais perceptivo-auditivos e acústicos em crianças com nódulos vocais

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Alternative transfer to the Earth-Moon Lagrangian points L4 and L5 using lunar gravity assist

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Perceptual and acoustic parameters of vocal nodules in children

Vocal nodules constitute the major cause of dysphonia during childhood. Auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses have been used to differentiate vocal nodules from normal voice in children.Purpose: To study the value of auditory-perceptual and acoustic vocal analyses in assessments of children with nodules.Design: Diagnostic test study.Patients and interventions: A comparative study was carried out including 100 children with videolaryngoscopic diagnosis of vocal nodules (nodule group-NG); and 100 children without vocal symptoms and with normal videolaryngoscopic exams (control group-CG). The age range of both groups was between 4 and 11 years. All children underwent auditory-perceptual vocal analyses (GRBASI scale); maximum phonation time and s/z ratio were calculated, and acoustic vocal analysis (MDVP software) were carried out.Results: There was no difference in the values of maximum phonation time and s/z ratio between groups. Auditory-perceptual analysis indicated greater compromising of voice parameters for NG, compared to CG: G (79 versus 24), R (53 versus 3), B (67 versus 23) and S (35 versus 1). The values of acoustic parameters jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI were higher for NG for CG. The parameter f0 did not differ between groups.Conclusion: Compromising of auditory-perceptual (G, R, B and S) and acoustic vocal parameters (jitter, PPQ shimmer, APQ, NHR and SPI) was greater for children with nodules than for those of the control group, which makes them important methods for assessing child dysphonia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Four types of evidentiality in the native languages of Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Phosphorus fractions in soils of the mangrove, restinga and Atlantic forest ecosystems from Cardoso Island, Brazil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Exercício físico e fatores de risco cardiovasculares em mulheres obesas na pós-menopausa

Introduction: physical exercise has been recommended as a non-pharmacological, therapeutic strategy in the treatment of important cardiovascular risk factors. Objective: to analyze the impact of an exercise program, tailored to the reality of the Family Health Units (FHU), on body composition, cardiovascular risk factors and Framingham score in obese postmenopausal. Methods: 70 women between 50 and 79 years, sedentary, obese and without menstruating for at least twelve months, were randomly assigned to a trained group (TG) (n = 35) and an untrained (GnT) (n = 35). The GT took 20 weeks of a physical exercise program with three weekly sessions, consisting of monitoring activities and heating (10 minutes), 25 minutes of exercise flexibility and strength, 50 minute walk with intensity between 50-65% of VO2max and 5-minute cool-down. The GnT was instructed to maintain their normal activities. Results: TG showed significant reductions in body mass index (30,1+3,7 vs. 29,3+3,7; p=0,0001), waist circumference (93,3+10,3 vs. 89,1+10,4; p=0,0001), percentage of fat (54,2+2,9 vs. 53,2+3,3; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,0+14,6 vs. 119,2+10,3; p=0,0001), triglycerides (148,4+66,1 vs. 122,8+40,7; p=0,006), VLDL cholesterol (29,7+13,2 vs. 24,5+8,0; p=0,005) and Framingham score (13,08+4,0 vs. 11,77+4,1; p=0,010). In the untrained group were observed significant increases in the percentage of fat (55,0+4,0 vs. 57,0+3,8; p=0,0001), systolic blood pressure (128,6+10,5 vs. 133,7+12,0; p=0,001), fasting glucose (95,2+18,4 vs. 113,7+28,8; p=0,001) and Framingham score (12,82+3,2 vs. 13,91+4,0; p=0,043), but also decreases levels of HDL cholesterol (55,1+10,5 vs. 51,7+11,0; p=0,017). Conclusion: the exercise program, adapted to the conditions of FHU, was effective in reducing cardiovascular risk factors in obese postmenopausal women served by the SUS program.

Gastric cancer is associated with NOS2-954G/C polymorphism and environmental factors in a Brazilian population

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of soil texture in the recovery of Toxocara canis eggs by a flotation method

In epidemiological surveys, the evaluation of soil contamination by Toxocara canis eggs requires a quick and easy method for the isolation of parasite eggs from soil samples. The efficiency of flotation methods is influenced by sample size, soil texture, degree of soil contamination, pretreatment, flotation solutions and time of flotation. This investigation was designed to evaluate the influence of soil texture in the recovery of T. canis eggs with the centrifugal flotation technique of Dada (Dada, B.J.O., 1979. A new technique for the recovery of Toxocara eggs from soil. J. Helminthol., 53: 141-144). Four types of soil (clay silt, sandy, silty clay and sand) were artificially contaminated with T. canis eggs (200 eggs per gram). Zinc sulphate (specific gravity 1.20) and sodium dichromate (specific gravity 1.35) were used as flotation solutions. Twenty replicated examinations were performed for each type of soil and flotation solution. There was a statistically significant difference in the results depending on soil type. The highest recovery percentages were observed in soils rich in sand (62.5% for sand and 38.0% for sandy soil). Differences were also observed with different flotation solutions. Sodium dichromate solution was more efficient for recovering T. canis eggs, regardless of the soil texture. © 1994.

Excited leptonic states in polarized e(-)gamma and e(+)e(-) collisions

We analyze the capability of the next generation of linear electron-positron colliders to unravel the spin and couplings of excited leptons predicted by composite models. Assuming that these machines will be able to operate both in the e+e- and e-γ modes, we study the effects of the excited electrons of spin 1/2 and 3/2 in the reactions e-γ → e-γ and e+e- → γγ. We show how the use of polarized beams is able not only to increase the reach of these machines, but also to determine the spin and couplings of the excited states.

Ensino de ciências e educação moral: uma interface de implicações mútuas

Nas teorias sociomorais que perpassam Piaget, Kohlberg e Habermas, encontramos subsídios para o ensino de Ciências que se estabelece na perspectiva da construção crítica do conhecimento e da desmistificação da visão de ciência, assim como, de forma correspondente, também encontramos nos pressupostos do ensino crítico e desmistificado de Ciências um conjunto de subsídios que potencializa o desenvolvimento moral e a dimensão ética discursiva. Neste artigo, compartilhamos com o leitor alguns de nossos argumentos em prol da existência dessa ainda subestimada interface de implicações mútuas entre Ensino de Ciências e Educação Moral, com a presença de relevantes subsídios teórico-práticos que uma área pode dar à outra. A expectativa é que as discussões apresentadas contribuam para a reflexão do trabalho docente, numa perspectiva de educação científica e moral baseada no processo de construção da autonomia do aluno.

On suppression of chaotic motions of a portal frame structure under non-ideal loading using a magneto-rheological damper

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Patterns and processes of diversification in a widespread and ecologically diverse avian group, the buteonine hawks (Aves, Accipitridae)

Buteonine hawks represent one of the most diverse groups in the Accipitridae, with 58 species distributed in a variety of habitats on almost all continents. Variations in migratory behavior, remarkable dispersal capability, and unusual diversity in Central and South America make buteonine hawks an excellent model for studies in avian evolution. To evaluate the history of their global radiation, we used an integrative approach that coupled estimation of the phylogeny using a large sequence database (based on 6411 bp of mitochondrial markers and one nuclear intron from 54 species), divergence time estimates, and ancestral state reconstructions. Our findings suggest that Neotropical buteonines resulted from a long evolutionary process that began in the Miocene and extended to the Pleistocene. Colonization of the Nearctic, and eventually the Old World, occurred from South America, promoted by the evolution of seasonal movements and development of land bridges. Migratory behavior evolved several times and may have contributed not only to colonization of the Holarctic, but also derivation of insular species. In the Neotropics, diversification of the buteonines included four disjunction events across the Andes. Adaptation of monophyletic taxa to wet environments occurred more than once, and some relationships indicate an evolutionary connection among mangroves, coastal and varzea environments. On the other hand, groups occupying the same biome, forest, or open vegetation habitats are not monophyletic. Refuges or sea-level changes or a combination of both was responsible for recent speciation in Amazonian taxa. In view of the lack of concordance between phylogeny and classification, we propose numerous taxonomic changes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The exponential COM-Poisson distribution

The Conway-Maxwell Poisson (COMP) distribution as an extension of the Poisson distribution is a popular model for analyzing counting data. For the first time, we introduce a new three parameter distribution, so-called the exponential-Conway-Maxwell Poisson (ECOMP) distribution, that contains as sub-models the exponential-geometric and exponential-Poisson distributions proposed by Adamidis and Loukas (Stat Probab Lett 39:35-42, 1998) and KuAY (Comput Stat Data Anal 51:4497-4509, 2007), respectively. The new density function can be expressed as a mixture of exponential density functions. Expansions for moments, moment generating function and some statistical measures are provided. The density function of the order statistics can also be expressed as a mixture of exponential densities. We derive two formulae for the moments of order statistics. The elements of the observed information matrix are provided. Two applications illustrate the usefulness of the new distribution to analyze positive data.

Use of Chlorine to Remove Magnesium from Molten Aluminum

Removal of Mg from aluminum scraps, known as demagging, has been widely applied in the,aluminum industry. This work discusses bubble-formation theories and magnesium kinetic removal from aluminum scraps using chlorine and inert gas fluxing. The interfacial area of the bubbles and residence time were estimated using a mathematical model. To inject gaseous chlorine, three types of nozzles were used with varying internal diameter. In addition, a porous plug, as well as varying input chlorine flow and concentration were used. The use of lower chlorine concentration improves efficiency because the interfacial tension is reduced therefore, more and smaller bubbles are formed. The model proposed herein is consistent with the experimental data. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2011256]