长白山几种主要森林群落木本植物细根生物量及其动态

2005年在长白山北坡选择5种垂直植被带典型植物群落类型阔叶红松林、白桦林、山杨林、云冷杉林和岳桦林,利用钻取土芯法对细根分布及细根生物量进行了研究。研究结果表明,不同森林群落细根现存生物量存在一定的差异,其中白桦林最高,月平均细根现存生物量为5.1340 t/hm2、其次为云冷杉林(5.0530 t/hm2)、岳桦林(4.9255 t/hm2)、阔叶红松林(4.4919 t/hm2)和山杨林(3.9372 t/hm2);不同群落细根现存量月动态变化也有较大差异,月均最高最低相差阔叶红松林约为72%、白桦林近73%、山杨林26%、云冷杉林56%、岳桦林144%。在生长季节内不同群落细根发生和死亡也是不均匀的,春季所有群落都会产生大量的细根,一些群落在初秋(9月份)出现另一个较高的峰值,同时发现每次细根大量发生后,都随之产生大量细根的死亡,生长季末群落死亡细根生物量往往是最高的。调查群落72.9%以上的细根集中于土壤表层0~10cm的范围内,不同群落略有差别,在所研究的5种森林群落中,不同月份0~10cm土层中细根生物量几乎都表现出白桦林>阔叶红松林>云冷杉林>岳桦林>山杨林。

辅酶Q_(10)高产菌株的选育

以根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)1.1416为出发菌株,考察了紫外线(UV)、1-甲基-3-硝基-1-亚硝基胍(NTG)和硫酸二乙脂(DES)对该菌株产生辅酶Q10能力的诱变效应,并结合辅酶Q10合成途径设计了快速筛选辅酶Q10高产菌株的模型。结果表明:NTG和DES交替诱变处理根癌土壤杆菌1.1416具有较好的诱变效果,筛选到的突变株AGR0619和AGR0610的辅酶Q10总产量分别提高了137.49%和156.07%。

曲面效应法优化辅酶Q_(10)发酵条件

以根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tum efaciens)1.1416的突变株AGR 0610为出发菌株,采用P lackett-Burm an设计法(P lackett-Burm an design,P-B)对影响AGR 0610发酵产辅酶Q10的相关因素进行了研究,选取到4种有显著效应的因素:糖蜜、大豆蛋白胨、玉米浆和蛋氨酸.再采用响应曲面法(response surface m ethodology,RSM)对这4种因素的最佳水平范围进一步探讨,得到二次回归方程,优化了培养基组成.当这4种因素分别取值为1.02%、0.49%、0.29%和0.34%时,辅酶Q10产量有最大预测值38.88 mg/L,并被实验所证实.图6表4参8

沙地云杉生态型对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应

采用干旱胁迫处理不同生态型沙地云杉幼苗,对其主干高生长、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量进行了测定。结果表明,沙地云杉幼苗高生长明显受到干旱胁迫的抑制,绿果型沙地云杉在水分条件良好的情况下,高生长迅速,明显高于紫果型沙地云杉。随着干旱胁迫强度的增强,其高生长受抑制的程度高于紫果型沙地云杉。红果型沙地云杉处于二者之间。同时干旱胁迫也影响沙地云杉生长进程,使得其封顶时间提前一个多月,MDA含量无论在叶还是根中呈上升趋势,只是在土壤含水量在10％左右出现轻度胁迫时略有下降;叶片中MDA含量明显高于根中;从不同生态型来看,紫果型沙地云杉体内MDA含量高,绿果型低且具有较大的变化幅度。脯氨酸含量随干旱胁迫强度增加而增加;绿果型沙地云杉根部脯氨酸含量在处理4之前高于另外两种生态型,叶绿素的变化规律,紫果型和红果型沙地云杉基本相同,只是红果型含量略微低于紫果型,其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量都是开始逐渐升高;随着胁迫强度增加,叶绿素含量下降;绿果型沙地云杉叶绿素含量总体上都呈下降趋势,只有叶绿素b含量在胁迫初期有所增加。从叶绿素a/b值出现下降趋势,但不同生态型表现不一样。绿果型沙地云杉由最高下降到最低,紫果型沙地云杉下降幅度较小,红果型介于二者之间。表明不同

Coal-burning roasted corn and chili as the cause of dental fluorosis for children in southwestern China

To find the pathologic cause of the children's dental fluorosis in southwestern China, diet structure before the age of 6 and prevalence rate of dental fluorosis (DF) of 405 children were investigated, and the fluorine and arsenic content of several materials were determined. The prevalence rate of DF of children living on roasted corn before the age of 6 is 100% with nearly 95% having the mild to severe DF; while that of children living on non-roasted corn or rice is less than 5% with all having very mild DF. The average fluorine and arsenic concentration are 20.26 mg/kg and 0.249 mg/kg in roasted corn, which are about 16 times and 35 times more than in non-roasted corn, respectively. The average fluorine concentration is 78 mg/kg in coal, 1116 mg/kg in binder clay and 313 mg/kg in briquette (coal mixed with clay). The average arsenic concentration of coal is 5.83 mg/kg, the binder clay is 20.94 mg/kg, with 8.52 mg/kg in the briquette. Living on roasted corn and chili is the main pathologic cause of endemic fluorosis in southwestern China. The main source of fluorine and arsenic pollution of roasted corn and chill is the briquette of coal and binder clay. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

含侧链苯炔基的热固性聚酰亚胺薄膜

采用3,3,′4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(3,3,′4,4-′BPDA)和3种二胺,3,5-二氨基-4′-苯炔基二苯甲酮(DPEB)、4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(4,4-′ODA)及4,4′-二氨基二苯甲酮(4,4-′DABP),以苯酐(PA)为封端剂制备了不同比例的带苯炔侧基的聚酰亚胺薄膜,采用DMTA、TGA和力学性能测试等分析技术对侧链含苯乙炔基的聚酰亚胺膜的性能进行了表征。

Y_2O_3∶Eu~(3+)纳米线阵列的制备与表征

Y2 O3∶ Eu3+红色荧光粉由于色纯度高、化学性质稳定和量子效率接近 1 0 0 %而广泛用于荧光灯和投影电视等方面 .近年来 ,Y2 O3∶Eu3+的大量研究工作主要集中于纳米粉末的制备方法及其与体相材料不同的发光特性 [1～ 3] .最近 ,有关 Y2 O3∶ Eu3+及其稀土化合物的纳米管、纳米线和纳米带一维材料的制备成为研究热点 . Wu Changfeng等[4 ,5] 利用表面活性剂合成了 Y2 O3∶ Eu3+纳米管 .激光格位选择激发测试结果表明 ,Eu3+在纳米管中占据 3个不同的格位 ,其 61 1 nm处的红色发光峰出现了宽化 .HeYu等 [6 ] 采用水热法及退火处理制备出了 Y2 O3∶ Eu3+纳米带 ,发现 Eu3+的发射峰不仅宽化 ,而且出现了 62 5 nm的新峰 .Li Yadong等 [7～ 9]采用水热法制备了稀土氧化物、硫氧化物和氢氧化物等的纳米线和纳米管 ,并探索了其形成机理 ,同时发现 Y2 O3S∶ Yb3+,Er3+具有上转换的性质 .制备各种类型的一维纳米材料的目的之一是为了进一步组装出如纳米阵列材料等功能结构 ,最终实现纳米器件的制作 ,但上述制备方...

Sol-gel fabrication and photoluminescence properties of SiO2@Gd2O3 : Eu3+ core-shell particles

A uniform nanolayer of europium-doped Gd2O3 was coated on the surface of preformed submicron silica spheres by a Pechini sol-gel process. The resulted SiO2@Gd2O3:Eu3+ core-shell structured phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as kinetic decays. The XRD results show that the Gd2O3:Eu3+ layers start to crystallize on the SiO2 spheres after annealing at 400 degrees C and the crystallinity increases with raising the annealing temperature. The core-shell phosphors possess perfect spherical shape with narrow size distribution (average size: 640 nm) and non-agglomeration. The thickness of the Gd2O3:Eu3+ shells on the SiO2 cores can be adjusted by changing the deposition cycles (70 nm for three deposition cycles). Under short UV excitation, the obtained SiO2@Gd2O3:Eu3+ particles show a strong red emission with D-5(0)-F-7(2) (610 nm) of Eu3+ as the most prominent group.The PL intensity of Eu3+ increases with increasing the annealing temperature and the number of coating cycles.

A highly reduced polyoxoanion with phosphorus-centered alternate layers of Mo/V oxides, [(PMo2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)](9-)

An unusual polyoxometalate [H2N(C2H4)(2)NH2](4)(H3O)[(PMO2Mo6V4O40)-Mo-V-V-VI-O-IV((VO)-O-IV)(2)].H2O is hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by IR, UV-VIS, elemental analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectrum, ESR, TG and Single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 15-227(5), b = 19.491(4), c = 18.737(3) Angstrom, V = 5123(2) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, and R-1 (wR(2)) = 0.0726(0.1416). The compound contains an unusual highly reduced pseudo-Keggin type polyoxoanion and exhibits an interesting phosphorus-centered alternate arrangement of layers of molybdenum and vanadium oxides.

Observation of twisting growth of branched polyethylene single crystals formed from the melt

The twisting growth of a branched polyethylene single crystal formed from the melt was observed directly by means of transmission electron and atomic force miscroscopy. The surface stress asymmetry arising from the asymmetry of the surface-fold structure and, chain tilting resulted in the twisting growth of the single crystals. The handedness of the twisting lamellae was consistent With the chain-tilting direction. When multilayer lamellae piled up in a thicker film, the lamellar twist would be inevitably causing screw dislocations.

Two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of ruthenium-(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine)(2) (2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) (PF6)(2)

The (1) H and C-13 NMR spectra are reported for Ru(4, 4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridene)(2) (2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid) (PF6)(2) that can be used as a new electrochemiluminescent probe in immunoasssay and nucleic acid hybridization assay. Because of the effect ol:Ru atom ligands and complex steric configuration, it is difficult to attribute spectra of the title molecular, By using 2D (1) H-(1) H COSY and (1) H-C-13 HETCOR method, the proton and C-13 NMR spectra are assigned completely, which provides a satisfactory method to quantitative and qualitative, analysis of the title moleculer in the further study.

六氟磷酸二(4,4’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶)(2,2’-联吡啶-4,4’-二羧酸)合钌(Ⅱ)的二维核磁共振

用~1H NMR和~(13)C NMR谱研究了新型电化学发光探针六氟磷酸二(4,4’-二甲基-2,2’-联吡啶)·(4,4’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)合钌(Ⅱ)的立体结构,通过~1H~(-1)H COSY、~(13)C~(-1)H HETCOR谱对其氢谱和碳谱中的各谱峰进行了归属,并给出了氢谱和碳谱峰的化学位移值.

Li_8SiN_4-Li_3N-BN体系中立方BN转化行为的研究

研究了高温高压下x·Li_8SiN_4-0.1(1-x)·Li_3N-0.9(1-x)·BN体系中立方氮化硼(cBN)的转化行为。Li_8SiN_4的存在可显著改善cBN晶体的发育,提高晶体质量。在4.2～5.5GPa,1340～1750℃范围内确定了x=4.8％时体系的cBN转化区,并对转化区内cBN转化率、平均生长速度、成核速度及破碎强度与转化温度和压力的关系进行了研究。