521 resultados para poker incomes
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This paper provides regression discontinuity evidence on long-run and intergenerational education impacts of a temporary increase in federal transfers to local governments in Brazil. Revenues and expenditures of the communities benefiting from extra transfers temporarily increased by about 20% during the 4 year period from 1982 to the end of 1985. Schooling and literacy gains for directly exposed cohorts established in previous work that used the 1991 census are attenuated but persist in the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Children and adolescents of the next generation --born after the extra funding had disappeared-- show gains of about 0.08 standard deviation across the entire score distribution of two nationwide exams at the end of the 2000s. While we find no evidence of persistent improvements in school resources, we document discontinuities in education levels, literacy rates and incomes of test takers' parents that are consistent with intergenerational human capital spillovers.
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L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball és fer un programa que permeti portar la informació que un treballador autònom li interessa, d’acord amb les seves necessitats. En el nostre cas es tracta d’un centre d’estètica, que té més d’una seu, el qual li interessa portar tota la cartilla de clients, centres associats, proveïdors ... a més de poder fer les factures corresponents als centres associats, poder calcular en el moment que en el treballador li interessi, els ingressos realitzats durant un període de temps determinat i poder portar una agenda actualitzada dels dos centres, on es mostren totes les visites que hi ha en un dia. Per tal de realitzar el programa, s’han portat a terme mitjançant dos aplicacions, i connectant-los en una base de dades. Per una banda tenim una aplicació implementada amb C++, per l’altra, una pàgina web amb PHP, finalment com a sistema gestor de base de dades utilitzem el MySQL Server. El programa fet amb C++, consta de tota la part d’entrada i/o modificacions de dades, en aquesta part només hi pot accedir el treballador autònom, ja que és la única persona que pot fer aquesta feina. En la pàgina web, hi pot accedir qualsevol persona que tingui un nom d’usuari i una contrasenya. A través de la web es pot fer qualsevol tipus de consulta, fer tot el control de les agendes, portar a terme tot el tema de facturació i ingressos, i com a excepció l’entrada de dades de clients, ja que s’ha de poder realitzar en qualsevol moment i lloc. Per acabar, tenim la necessitat de tenir un servidor, aquest ha d’estar format, mínim, per la base de dades. Com que l’aplicació amb C++ i la base de dades han d’estar ubicades al mateix lloc. A més, necessitem un servidor web per tal de tenir la nostra pàgina a la xarxa, per aconseguir això, utilitzem un programa anomenat DynDNS, que es fa servir per a convertir una IP dinàmica en una IP estàtica i d’aquesta manera convertir un ordinador qualsevol amb un servidor web.
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The Haemophilia Registry of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was created in the year 2000. The latest records from October 31st 2011 are presented here. Included are all patients with haemophilia A or B and other inherited coagulation disorders (including VWD patients with R-Co activity below 10%) known and followed by the 11 paediatric and 12 adult haemophilia treatment or reference centers. Currently there are 950 patients registered, the majority of which (585) having haemophilia A. Disease severity is graded according to ISTH criteria and its distribution between mild, moderate and severe haemophilia is similar to data from other European and American registries. The majority (about two thirds) of Swiss patients with haemophilia A or B are treated on-demand, with only about 20% of patients being on prophylaxis. The figure is different in paediatrics and young adults (1st and 2nd decades), where 80 to 90% of patients with haemophilia A are under regular prophylaxis. Interestingly enough, use of factor concentrates, although readily available, is rather low in Switzerland, especially when taking the country's GDP into account: The total amount of factor VIII and IX was 4.94 U pro capita, comparable to other European countries with distinctly lower incomes (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary). This finding is mainly due to the afore mentioned low rate of prophylactic treatment of haemophilia in our country. Our registry remains an important instrument of quality control of haemophilia therapy in Switzerland.
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[cat] En aquest treball, es realitza una nova estimació del VAB industrial espanyol a un nivell de desagregació territorial corresponent a les províncies (NUTSIII) i les Comunitats Autònomes (NUTS II). Per assolir aquest objectiu es planteja una nova metodologia d’estimació de les xifres històriques de VAB industrial regional. Front a les aproximacions tradicionals, basades en la utilització de fonts fiscals com a forma d’aproximar la capacitat productiva industrial, en aquest treball s’ofereix una estimació que també es basa en les rendes generades per la producció industrial de les regions. Amb aquest objectiu, es fa servir la metodologia proposada per Geary i Stark (2002) i les millores proposades per Crafts (2005). La utilització d’aquesta metodologia permet elaborar una nova estimació retrospectiva del VAB industrial de les regions espanyoles a diversos talls temporals corresponents al període 1860-1930.
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In the early 1990s, the Cold War ended, Back to the Future III was in theaters, and Iowa led the nation in reading and mathematics. Times have changed. A decade into the 21st century, Iowa has conceded its place at the top. During the past 20 years, achievement trends illustrate Iowa’s slide from a national leader in PK-12 education to a national average―sometimes below average―performer as other states (and nations) have accelerated past the state. Iowa students’ futures are at risk. Collectively, Iowa students are not hitting the mark in mathematics and reading competency. Sure, Iowa has its share of super-achievers. But the mass of Iowa students—not just underprivileged or minority students, but many of the majority white, relatively affluent students as well—are falling short of what is needed to attain quality jobs, growing incomes, and secure livelihoods in today’s globally competitive world. The world has moved beyond the industrial age and information age and is now in the innovation age. Students must be armed not only with knowledge, but also with skills and insights needed to critically analyze and innovate. The pressing problems and grand opportunities the world faces require that many more people contribute as innovators and problem solvers, not order takers and implementers. Innovators will prosper. Order takers will stagnate. The days of an abundance of low-skill jobs have come to an end.
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This act applying to a competitive and dynamic environment for job creators is needed to achieve our goals of 200,000 new jobs for Iowans and a 25% increase in family incomes over the next five years
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This act is a competitive and dynamic environment for job creators is needed to achieve our goal of 200,000 new jobs for Iowans and a 25% increase in family incomes over the next five years.
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[cat] En aquest treball, es realitza una nova estimació del VAB industrial espanyol a un nivell de desagregació territorial corresponent a les províncies (NUTSIII) i les Comunitats Autònomes (NUTS II). Per assolir aquest objectiu es planteja una nova metodologia d’estimació de les xifres històriques de VAB industrial regional. Front a les aproximacions tradicionals, basades en la utilització de fonts fiscals com a forma d’aproximar la capacitat productiva industrial, en aquest treball s’ofereix una estimació que també es basa en les rendes generades per la producció industrial de les regions. Amb aquest objectiu, es fa servir la metodologia proposada per Geary i Stark (2002) i les millores proposades per Crafts (2005). La utilització d’aquesta metodologia permet elaborar una nova estimació retrospectiva del VAB industrial de les regions espanyoles a diversos talls temporals corresponents al període 1860-1930.
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How does income inequality affect political representation? Jan Rosset, Nathalie Giger and Julian Bernauer examine whether politicians represent the views of poorer and richer citizens equally. They find that in 43 out of the 49 elections included in their analysis, the preferences of low-income citizens are located further away from the policy positions of the closest political party than those with mid-range incomes. This suggests that income inequality may spill-over into political inequalities, although it is less clear whether this effect is likely to get better or worse as a result of the Eurozone crisis.
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Today, per capita income differences around the globe are large ? varying by as much as a factor of 35 across countries (Hall and Jones 1999). These differentials mostly reflect the "Great Divergence" (Sam Huntingon) ? the fact that Western Europe and former European colonies grew rapidly after 1800, while other countries grew much later or stagnated. What is less well-known is that a "First Divergence" preceded the Great Divergence: Western Europe surged ahead of the rest of the world long before technological growth became rapid. Europe in 1500 was already twice as rich on a per capita basis as Africa, and one-third richer than most of Asia (Maddison 2007). In this essay, we explain how Europe's tumultuous politics and deadly penchant for warfare translated into a sustained advantage in per capita incomes.
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El treball de fi de grau “La Gestió dels Costos a la regidoria de cultura de l’Ajuntament de Ripoll” ha estat elaborat mitjançant la col·laboració de l’Ajuntament de la vila de Ripoll i el projecte planteja elaborar un estudi que serveixi per a portar un control exhaustiu dels costos a una regidoria en concret d’aquest ajuntament, la regidoria de cultura, que engloba les àrees de cultura i joventut, fires i festes. Per tant, mitjançant aquesta gestió dels costos s’ha pogut determinar quin és el cost per habitant en aquestes tres àrees de la regidoria de cultura i quins ingressos s’han obtingut al llarg del període 2011.
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One of the characteristics of the finite risk reinsurance is the existence of an found of experience, which is constituted by the premiums charged by the reinsurer, together with his financial incomes, and his objective is to finance the claims to be satisfied to the insurer in the specified period. The objective of this work is to design a model that allows us to determinate the reserve that the found of experience should have in every annual period in order to guarantee its dynamic solvency, taking into the experience of the claims of the reinsurer"s portfolio and of each insurance company.
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Diplomityössä selvitetään Imatran Seudun Sähkö Oy:n myynti- ja siirtotuotteiden kehitystarpeita. Työssä tarkastellaan käytössä olevien siirtotuotteiden kustannusvastaavuutta, lakkautustuotteiden tulevaisuutta ja tarvetta uusille tuotteille. Lopuksi lasketaan uusi siirtohinnoittelumalli ja sitä tukevat myyntituotteet. Työn alussa perehdytään tariffisuunnittelun periaatteisiinja tehdään kulutusanalyysi Imatran Seudun Sähkö Oy:ssä 1999 tehdyn tehoennusteen ja edellisten vuosien kulutustietojen pohjalta. Seuraavaksi selvitetään sähkönsiirrosta aiheutuvat kustannukset kustannusanalyysissä rajakustannus- ja keskikustannuslaskentaa soveltaen ja kohdistetaan kustannukset käyttäjille. Kun sähkönsiirron aiheuttamat kustannukset on selvitetty, voidaan käytössä olevien ja kehitettävien siirtotuotteiden kustannusvastaavuus ja sopivuus käyttäjille määrittää. Lopuksi tuotteet muotoillaan järkeväksi kokonaisuudeksi muuttamalla energiamaksun ja perus- tai tehomaksun painoja. Tariffien suunnittelussa mitoitetaan tulot niin, että ne kattavat kaikki kulut ja tuottovaatimuksen.
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Tämän Pro gradu -tutkielman tarkoituksena on luoda malli yhteisöllisten verkkopalveluiden ansaintalogiikoista ja niiden edellytyksistä. Ansaintalogiikoiden edellytyksistä käsiteltiin isona kokonaisuutena arvontuottoa. Tutkimus suoritettiin rekisteröitymällä tutkittaviin yhteisöllisiin palveluihin sekä haastattelemalla yhteisöjen parissa työskenteleviä asiantuntijoita. Tutkimuksen teoreettisina viitekehyksinä käytettiin virtuaaliyhteisöjen teorioita sekä arvontuoton teorioita sähköisestä liiketoiminnasta. Tutkimuksesta kävi ilmi, että käytännön ansaintamahdollisuudet ovat teorian esittämää valikoimaa pienemmät. Yhteisöjen kannalta mahdollisia ansaintalogiikoita ovat tutkimuksen mukaan mainonnasta saatavat tulot sekä maksullisista lisäpalveluista saatavat tulot. Mahdollistaakseen nämä ansaintalogiikat täytyy yhteisön hallinnoijan saada kerättyä suuri määrä aktiivisia käyttäjiä palveluun, jotka tuottavat itse palvelun arvokkaimmansisällön. Palvelun perustamisen osalta voidaan päätellä, että yhteisön koko ja sen aktiivisuus ovat suurelta osin mahdottomia ennustaa. Yhteisöjen kehitystä ja toimintaa voidaan kuitenkin tukea tarjoamalla sosiaalista vuorovaikutusta tukevia toimintoja.
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El trabajo intenta evaluar la dimensión mínima de la tierra que debiera poseer la unidad familiar campesina para garantizar su reproducción en el marco histórico de la etapa final de la Edad Moderna. Geográficamente, el trabajo se refiere a las tierras del interior llano catalán, que experimentaron durante el siglo XVIII un notable proceso de colonización agraria para atender los déficits cerealísticos del litoral catalán. Dado que la mayor parte del campesinado no disfruta de explotaciones viables económicamente, se analizan las estrategias campesinas encaminadas a la obtención de ingresos complementarios. Estas, lejos de situarse en actividades no agrarias, tienen una estrecha relación con la agricultura y con el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales.