Assessment of terrestrial small mammals and a record of the critically endangered shrew Crocidura wimmeri in Banco National Park (Cote d'Ivoire)

This study investigated the small mammal community of the periurban Banco National Park (34 km(2)), Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, using identical numbers of Sherman and Longworth traps. We aimed to determine the diversity and distribution of rodents and shrews in three different habitats: primary forest, secondary forest and swamp. Using 5014 trap-nights, 91 individuals were captured that comprised seven rodent and four shrew species. The trapping success was significantly different for each species, i.e., the Longworth traps captured more soricids (31/36 shrews), whereas the Sherman traps captured more murids (37/55 mice). The most frequent species was Praomys cf. rostratus, followed by Crocidura buettikoferi, Hybomys trivirgatus and Crocidura jouvenetae. Indices of species richness (S) and diversity (H') were greatest in primary forest, followed by secondary forest and swamp. - Several expected species, such as Crocidura obscurior, were not found, whereas we captured four specimens of the critically endangered (IUCN 2012) Wimmer's shrew Crocidura wimmeri, a species that has vanished from its type locality, Adiopodoume. Therefore, Banco National Park represents an important sanctuary, not only for plants, birds and primates, but also for other small forest vertebrates.

ROCK Inhibitor Enhances Adhesion and Wound Healing of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells.

Maintenance of corneal transparency is crucial for vision and depends mainly on the endothelium, a non-proliferative monolayer of cells covering the inner part of the cornea. When endothelial cell density falls below a critical threshold, the barrier and "pump" functions of the endothelium are compromised which results in corneal oedema and loss of visual acuity. The conventional treatment for such severe disorder is corneal graft. Unfortunately, there is a worldwide shortage of donor corneas, necessitating amelioration of tissue survival and storage after harvesting. Recently it was reported that the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 promotes adhesion, inhibits apoptosis, increases the number of proliferating monkey corneal endothelial cells in vitro and enhance corneal endothelial wound healing both in vitro and in vivo in animal models. Using organ culture human cornea (N = 34), the effect of ROCK inhibitor was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Toxicity, corneal endothelial cell density, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell morphometry, adhesion and wound healing process were evaluated by live/dead assay standard cell counting method, EdU labelling, Ki67, Caspase3, Zo-1 and Actin immunostaining. We demonstrated for the first time in human corneal endothelial cells ex vivo and in vitro, that ROCK inhibitor did not induce any toxicity effect and did not alter cell viability. ROCK inhibitor treatment did not induce human corneal endothelial cells proliferation. However, ROCK inhibitor significantly enhanced adhesion and wound healing. The present study shows that the selective ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 has no effect on human corneal endothelial cells proliferative capacities, but alters cellular behaviours. It induces changes in cell shape, increases cell adhesion and enhances wound healing ex vivo and in vitro. Its absence of toxicity, as demonstrated herein, is relevant for its use in human therapy.

Terminología del trabajo y la empresa: proyecto de colaboración con el banco de datos Termium de Canadá

Glosario multilingue (inglés - francés - español) en el que se analizan 30 conceptos pertenecientes al ámbito laboral y se proponen equivalentes en español desde el término francés e inglés debidamente documentados (fuente, contexto, sinónimos, etc.). Además, se explica con detalle cómo se ha resuelto un caso problemático paso a paso.

Rejet de greffe et iontophorèse de corticoïdes: à propos de 3 cas [Corneal graft rejection and corticoid iontophoresis: 3 case reports].

This is the first report of three cases of severe acute corneal graft rejection, treated by transscleral methylprednisolone (Solumédrol) iontophoresis. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by corneal transparency, visual acuity and corneal inflammation parameters. The patient was treated with Solumédrol iontophoresis once a day for 3 days with a topical corticotherapy reduced to three drops of dexamethasone per day. Iontophoresis was performed, under topical anesthesia, and lasted 3 minutes with a 1.5-mA current. The subjective and objective tolerance of iontophoresis was good. No side-effect was observed. Corneal transparency and visual acuity improved rapidly after the second iontophoresis procedure. These observations show that Solumédrol iontophoresis might be an alternative to pulse therapy in the treatment of corneal graft rejection. Further comparative studies are necessary to confirm these preliminary observations.

Effects of rat anti-VEGF antibody in a rat model of corneal graft rejection by topical and subconjunctival routes.

PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rat anti-VEGF antibody, administered either by topical or subconjunctival (SC) routes, on a rat model of corneal transplant rejection.METHODS: Twenty-four rats underwent corneal transplantation and were randomized into four treatment groups (n=6 in each group). G1 and G2 received six SC injections (0.02 ml 10 µg/ml) of denatured (G1) or active (G2) anti-VEGF from Day 0 to Day 21 every third day. G3 and G4 were instilled three times a day with denatured (G3) or active (G4) anti-VEGF drops (10 µg/ml) from Day 0 to Day 21. Corneal mean clinical scores (MCSs) of edema (E), transparency (T), and neovessels (nv) were recorded at Days 3, 9, 15, and 21. Quantification of neovessels was performed after lectin staining of vessels on flat mounted corneas.RESULTS: Twenty-one days after surgery, MCSs differed significantly between G1 and G2, but not between G3 and G4, and the rejection rate was significantly reduced in rats receiving active antibodies regardless of the route of administration (G2=50%, G4=66.65% versus G1 and G3=100%; p<0.05). The mean surfaces of neovessels were significantly reduced in groups treated with active anti-VEGF (G2, G4). However, anti-VEGF therapy did not completely suppress corneal neovessels.CONCLUSIONS: Specific rat anti-VEGF antibodies significantly reduced neovascularization and subsequent corneal graft rejection. The SC administration of the anti-VEGF antibody was more effective than topical instillation.

Downregulation of IRS-1 expression causes inhibition of corneal angiogenesis.

PURPOSE: The antiangiogenic effect of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) targeting insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 was evaluated on rat corneal neovascularization. METHODS: Eyes with neovessels were treated with subconjunctival injections of IRS-1 antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN), IRS-1 sense ODN (SODN), or PBS. At 8 and 24 hours after the first subconjunctival injection, the expression of IRS-1, VEGF, and IL-1beta mRNA was evaluated. IRS-1 protein levels were also measured at 8 hours by Western blot analysis (n = 4/group). On day 10, corneal neovascularization was quantified in flatmount corneas of rats treated daily from days 4 to 9. RESULTS: On day 10, new vessels covered 95.5% +/- 4% of the corneal area in PBS-treated eyes, 92% +/- 7% in SODN-treated eyes and 59% +/- 20% in ASODN-treated eyes (P < 0.001). In the ASODN-treated group, the expression and synthesis of IRS-1 were significantly downregulated when compared with the control groups. ASODN did not significantly affect the expression of VEGF but significantly decreased the expression of IL-1beta at 24 hours (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injections of IRS-1 antisense ODN significantly inhibit rat corneal neovascularization. This effect may be mediated by a downregulation of IL-1beta. IRS-1 proteins may be interesting targets for the regulation of angiogenesis mediated by insulin, hypoxia, or inflammation.

Multi-layer amniotic membrane (MLAM) transplantation for non traumatic corneal perforations or descemetoceles

Purpose:To describe the indications, the surgical procedure and the clinical outcome of MLAM in the treatment of non traumatic corneal perforations and descemetoceles . Methods:A prospective, non comparative, interventional case series of eight consecutive patients (mean age 59 years old, 6 men and 2 women) with non traumatic corneal perforations or descemetoceles.The surgery consisted in a MLAM transplantation of a cryopreservated human amniotic membrane. The series included: three active herpetic keratitis, one rosacea, one perforation of an hydrops, one cicatricial pemphigoid, one perforation after an abcess in a corneal graft and one perforation after protonbeamtherapy. The clinical outcome included: the follow-up, the integrity of the eye, corneal epithelialization, inflammation and neovascularization, and the integration of the MLAM. Stromal thickness was followed precisely with the slit lamp. A corneal graft was performed at one patient after the MLAM, allowing microscopic investigation of the removed MLAM integrated in the cornea. Results:The mean follow-up was 8.78 months (range 3.57 to 30.17). Amniotic membrane transplantation was successful and reduced inflammation in 7 patients out of 8 ,after one procedure.One patient who presented a large herpetic keratitis epithelial defect with corneal anaesthesia had his MLAM dissolved after two weeks with an aqueous leakage. Epithelium healed within 3 weeks above 7 MLAM and remained stable at 3 months in 7 out of 8 patients. MLAM opacification gradually disappeared over a few months, however, stromal layers filling in the corneal perforations or above the descemetoceles remained stable. Conclusions:MLAM transplantation is a safe, effective and useful technique to cure non traumatic corneal perforations and descemetoceles. It can be performed in emergency despite the presence of an active inflammation or infection. By facilitating epithelialization, reducing inflammation and neovascularization, it allows corneal surface reconstruction in patients with persistent epithelial defects and corneal melting that usually ends in a perforation. For full visual rehabilitation, a delayed penetrating keratoplasty is required.

Deposits of transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein in granular corneal dystrophy type II after LASIK.

PURPOSE: To analyze components of the deposits in the corneal flap interface of granular corneal dystrophy type II (GCD II) patients after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: Four corneal GCD II specimens displaying disease exacerbation after LASIK were analyzed. Three of these specimens included the recipient corneal button after penetrating keratoplasty or deep lamellar keratoplasty for advanced GCD II after LASIK. The fourth specimen, a similar case of GCD II after LASIK, included the amputated corneal flap. Specimens were processed for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: Corneal stromal deposits in the LASIK flaps of all specimens were stained with 3 anti-transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein (TGFBIp) antibodies. The deposits displayed bright red color staining with Masson trichrome; however, negative staining was seen with Congo red, suggesting that hyaline is the main component localizing to the TGFBIp deposits rather than amyloid. CONCLUSIONS: Amorphous granular material deposited along the interface of the LASIK flap in GCD II corneas is composed mainly of hyaline deposits.

Under- and over-water halves of Gyrinidae beetle eyes harbor different corneal nanocoatings providing adaptation to the water and air environments.

Whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae) inhabit water surfaces and possess unique eyes which are split into the overwater and underwater parts. In this study we analyze the micro- and nanostructure of the split eyes of two Gyrinidae beetles genera, Gyrinus and Orectochilus. We find that corneae of the overwater ommatidia are covered with maze-like nanostructures, while the corneal surface of the underwater eyes is smooth. We further show that the overwater nanostructures possess no anti-wetting, but the anti-reflective properties with the spectral preference in the range of 450-600 nm. These findings illustrate the adaptation of the corneal nanocoating of the two halves of an insect's eye to two different environments. The novel natural anti-reflective nanocoating we describe may find future technological applications.

A Emissão de Obrigações Subordinadas: Estudo de Caso do Banco Comercial do Atlântico (BCA) Cabo Verde

O presente Trabalho tem como objectivo analisar a motivação de emissão de Obrigações Subordinadas por parte do Banco Comercial do Atlântico (BCA) no Mercado de Capitais Cabo-verdiano. O trabalho de investigação foi desenvolvido através da análise quantitativa dos relatórios e contas anuais publicados nos anos de 2007, 2008, 2009 e 2010, uma análise dos relatórios extensivos da Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (BVC). De acordo com resultados desta pesquisa, a emissão de Obrigações Subordinadas por parte do BCA traduziu-se em melhorias nos rácios prudenciais e num ensejo de conceder mais créditos aos clientes, sendo estes uns dos principais objectivos que motivaram a Emissão. Neste estudo, evidenciou-se que o Mercado de Capitais em Cabo Verde apresenta indícios de baixos níveis de liquidez em termos de transacções de títulos no mercado secundário, que pode ser ultrapassado, por um lado, pela realização de acordos de market-makers por parte de entidades emitentes, ou seja, pela existência da banca de Investimentos que proporciona liquidez aos títulos menos líquidos e por outro lado, pela realização de protocolos de acrossmembershipe de reconhecimento mútuo com as praças financeiras internacionais mais relevantes e estratégicas, o que poderá impulsionar o mercado secundário.

Qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem: satisfacção do utente do banco de urgência de adulto no HBS

A meta de qualidade pretendida no contacto entre o enfermeiro e o utente tem como objectivo maximizar a satisfação dos utentes. Pelo que o acolhimento do utente no banco de urgência é o primeiro contacto que ele tem com o Hospital Dr. Baptista de Sousa (HBS) através dos profissionais de enfermagem, pois é neste momento que ele vai apreender todas as condutas dos profissionais de enfermagem o que irá ditar o desenrolar e permanência do utente noutras unidades de serviço. É com base neste sentido, que a realização do presente estudo pretendeu-se conhecer a satisfação dos utentes relativamente à qualidade dos cuidados do enfermeiro da triagem do Banco de Urgência de Adulto (BUA) do HBS, visando avaliar o grau de satisfação dos utentes em relação ao atendimento proporcionado pelo enfermeiro; a satisfação dos utentes face ao comportamento adoptado pelo enfermeiro na triagem, bem como identificar qual a opinião dos utentes relativamente à postura do enfermeiro; as sugestões e/ou críticas para melhorar o atendimento realizado pelos enfermeiros; o nível de satisfaça face às informações recebidas do enfermeiro e demostrar o índice de qualidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados pelos enfermeiros. Para tal optou-se por uma metodologia qualitativa, como um estudo do tipo exploratório descritivo, sendo a questão de investigação: Qual a satisfação do utente em relação ao serviço prestado pelos enfermeiros do banco de urgências de adulto? A abordagem de colheita de dados utilizada foi a observação sistemática, a entrevista estruturada e questionário, com perguntas abertas e fechadas aplicadas a uma amostra de 60 utentes da população alvo.

Amyloid and non-amyloid forms of 5q31-linked corneal dystrophy resulting from kerato-epithelin mutations at Arg-124 are associated with abnormal turnover of the protein.

Mutations in kerato-epithelin are responsible for a group of hereditary cornea-specific deposition diseases, 5q31-linked corneal dystrophies. These conditions are characterized by progressive accumulation of protein deposits of different ultrastructure. Herein, we studied the corneas with mutations at kerato-epithelin residue Arg-124 resulting in amyloid (R124C), non-amyloid (R124L), and a mixed pattern of deposition (R124H). We found that aggregated kerato-epithelin comprised all types of pathological deposits. Each mutation was associated with characteristic changes of protein turnover in corneal tissue. Amyloidogenesis in R124C corneas was accompanied by the accumulation of N-terminal kerato-epithelin fragments, whereby species of 44 kDa were the major constituents of amyloid fibrils. R124H corneas with prevailing non-amyloid inclusions showed accumulation of a new 66-kDa species altogether with the full-size 68-kDa form. Finally, in R124L cornea with non amyloid deposits, we found only the accumulation of the 68-kDa form. Two-dimensional gels revealed mutation-specific changes in the processing of the full-size protein in all affected corneas. It appears that substitutions at the same residue (Arg-124) result in cornea-specific deposition of kerato-epithelin via distinct aggregation pathways each involving altered turnover of the protein in corneal tissue.

El recurso macha (Mesodesma donacium) en el banco natural Pozo de Lizas, Ilo, mayo a junio 1996

Resume los resultados preliminares de la primera evaluación del recurso macha: estructura por tamaños, relaciones biométricas, distribución espacial y una estimación de la biomasa total del recurso.

Informe sobre los viajes exploratorios entre Salaverry y Banco de Máncora, de los arrastreros Roncal y Tucán del 11 de setiembre al 1° de diciembre de 1968

Presenta información sobre los viajes realizados a bordo de los arrastreros Roncal y Tucán, para efectuar un reconocimiento parcial de la zona de pesca con miras a la identificación de las áreas apropiadas de las especies más importantes. Indica, que el recurso merluza es la especie más abundante por lo que se ubicó las áreas donde se concentra la merluza en tamaños comerciales.

Internet como ferramenta de Relações Públicas: Estudo de caso de Banco Comercial do Atlântico, Instituto Nacional de Previdência Social, Cabo Verde Telecom, Centro Cultural Brasil – Cabo Verde e Casa do Cidadão

A internet contribuiu para que as organizações pudessem acompanhar o ritmo moderno do mundo actual, com a sua velocidade e agilidade na troca e transmissão de informação. Facilitou muito o trabalho do profissional de Relações Publica, disponibilizando ferramentas importantes no processo de comunicação, dando oportunidades de uma relação directa com os clientes, consumidores, e, principalmente, levando o público-alvo a conhecer melhor a empresa com quem pretende ter algum tipo de relação. Entretanto, não basta proporcionar uma relação com o público se não houver uma estratégia que permita a utilização da linguagem correcta, do canal mais adequado e do momento ideal, culminando numa comunicação dirigida eficiente. Ademais a isso, as possibilidades que a rede abre passam da passividade para a gestão ativa do processo comunicacional. A comunicação eletrónica transformou grande parte da comunicação dirigida escrita impressa, em meio eletrónica, com isso abriu novos horizontes nesta area.