Ab initio cluster-model study of the on-top chemisorption of F and Cl on Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces

The interaction of atomic F and Cl with Si4H9 and Ge4H9 cluster models has been studied by using ab initio pseudopotentials and basis sets of increasing complexity. The results show that the effect of d orbitals is important in order to reproduce the experimental findings. However, the use of polarization functions in the atoms which are directly involved in the chemisorption bond leads to results which are very close to those obtained using extended basis sets. The local nature of the chemisorption bond is also interpreted by means of a Mulliken population analysis. For F-Si4H9 and Cl-Si4H9 the present results are in good agreement with previous ab initio all-electron calculations, and for the chemisorption of Cl on Si(111) and Ge(111) surfaces, good agreement is found with respect to the available experimental results as well as with previous slab calculations based on the local-density-functional formalism.

3D dose reconstruction for narrow beams using ion chamber array measurements.

3D dose reconstruction is a verification of the delivered absorbed dose. Our aim was to describe and evaluate a 3D dose reconstruction method applied to phantoms in the context of narrow beams. A solid water phantom and a phantom containing a bone-equivalent material were irradiated on a 6 MV linac. The transmitted dose was measured by using one array of a 2D ion chamber detector. The dose reconstruction was obtained by an iterative algorithm. A phantom set-up error and organ interfraction motion were simulated to test the algorithm sensitivity. In all configurations convergence was obtained within three iterations. A local reconstructed dose agreement of at least 3% / 3mm with respect to the planned dose was obtained, except in a few points of the penumbra. The reconstructed primary fluences were consistent with the planned ones, which validates the whole reconstruction process. The results validate our method in a simple geometry and for narrow beams. The method is sensitive to a set-up error of a heterogeneous phantom and interfraction heterogeneous organ motion.

Koiran katkenneen etummaisen ristisiteen hoito muunnellulla "over-the-top"-menetelmällä : tulosten seurantatutkimus

Summary

L'efficacité c'est bien, l'impact c'est top [Efficacy is good, impact is great].

This article summarizes the different stages of research for the development of medical interventions and their specific characteristics in terms of design, population, resources, importance of results and scientific interest. The emphasis is focused on the two final stages of development, the effectiveness and the impact. An example from our own experience is given to illustrate the reduction of the effect of an intervention against malaria in young children at different stages of the development of the intervention, and the parallel decrease of the recognition by the scientific community of the importance of these results.

Dense Concrete Layer as Top Course of Bridge Deck Construction, HR-502, 1990

The use of deicing salts in this part of the country is a necessity to remove ice from our bridges. The use of these salts has always been a problem since the chloride-ions penetrate the concrete and reach the steel and cause corrosion which eventually cause deterioration of both the steel and concrete. One method used to try to prevent this from happening was to apply a waterproof membrane to the concrete after it was placed. This method did help, but was not cost effective as the longevity of the membrane system was of relatively short duration. For this reason, this research project was initiated. After the original deck was placed a second layer of concrete about 1 1/2" thick was placed on top. Biennial evaluation of the decks included testing for delaminations and steel corrosion. Cores were also obtained for a chloride analysis. Testing and observations showed the two-layer bridge deck to be effective in preventing corrosion. Since the time this project was initiated, epoxy steel has been introduced and is a cost effective way to protect the steel from corrosion.

Development of a dose-controlled multiculture cell exposure chamber for efficient delivery of airborne and engineered nanoparticles

In order to study the various health influencing parameters related to engineered nanoparticles as well as to soot emitted b diesel engines, there is an urgent need for appropriate sampling devices and methods for cell exposure studies that simulate the respiratory system and facilitate associated biological and toxicological tests. The objective of the present work was the further advancement of a Multiculture Exposure Chamber (MEC) into a dose-controlled system for efficient delivery of nanoparticles to cells. It was validated with various types of nanoparticles (diesel engine soot aggregates, engineered nanoparticles for various applications) and with state-of-the-art nanoparticle measurement instrumentation to assess the local deposition of nanoparticles on the cell cultures. The dose of nanoparticles to which cell cultures are being exposed was evaluated in the normal operation of the in vitro cell culture exposure chamber based on measurements of the size specific nanoparticle collection efficiency of a cell free device. The average efficiency in delivering nanoparticles in the MEC was approximately 82%. The nanoparticle deposition was demonstrated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Analysis and design of the MEC employs Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and true to geometry representations of nanoparticles with the aim to assess the uniformity of nanoparticle deposition among the culture wells. Final testing of the dose-controlled cell exposure system was performed by exposing A549 lung cell cultures to fluorescently labeled nanoparticles. Delivery of aerosolized nanoparticles was demonstrated by visualization of the nanoparticle fluorescence in the cell cultures following exposure. Also monitored was the potential of the aerosolized nanoparticles to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g. free radicals and peroxides generation), thus expressing the oxidative stress of the cells which can cause extensive cellular damage or damage on DNA.

Top manta: escenario actual y perspectiva de futuro

1. Como consecuencia de la LO 5/2010 se ha introducido en el art. 270 CP un segundo párrafo, con el objeto de solucionar los supuestos conocidos como “top manta”, esto es, venta callejera de CD y DVD reproducidos ilegalmente. Para un creciente sector de la doctrina3 y la jurisprudencia tales supuestos eran (o debían ser) atípicos, por tres razones: a) se trataría de supuestos en los que el perjuicio ocasionado al titular de los derechos de explotación de la obra es reducido, dado el escaso número de copias que se distribuyen (principios de proporcionalidad, fragmentariedad y subsidiariedad del Derecho penal con respecto al Derecho administrativo);4 b) el concepto de distribución previsto en el art. 19 LPI no comprende la venta al detalle, sino sólo la distribución a gran escala, por lo que es necesaria una mínima estructura organizativa que en los casos de top manta no concurre;5 c) ausencia de engaño en el consumidor, dado el carácter burdo de las copias.

Top Manta a Roses. Resposta policial des de la vessant de seguretat ciutadana

Tractament conjunt Policia Local de Roses i Mossos d’Esquadra de Roses. Prioritzar la intervenció administrativa davant la Penal. Requeriments per venda ambulant no per delictes contra la propietat industrial o intel·lectual. Venda a la via pública, no en establiments. Dificultats tractament penal: canvi de tipificació a falta penal / concepte d’imitació cap marca comercial / custòdia del material recuperat etc . Majoria dels productes a la venda no simulen ni imiten cap marca comercial. Lluita contra les organitzacions delictives, venda a l’engròs, venda en establiments comercials etc, tractament penal des de les Unitats d’Investigació