Saint Anselm /

Mode of access: Internet.

Nederlands eerste betrekkingen met Oostenrijk toegelicht uit de correspondentie der keizerlijke gezanten te 's Gravenhage, 1658-1678.

Signatures marked: Letterk. verh. der Koninkl. akademie, deel v.

Der Geograph Luigi Ferdinando Graf Marsigli (1658-1730).

Thesis (doctoral)--Friedrich-Alexanders-Universitat, Erlangen.

An historical and critical account of the lives and writings of James I. and Charles I. and of the lives of Oliver Cromwell and Charles II... From original writers and state-papers.

Originally published (1751-66) as separate works. The life of Peters appeared without the author's name.

Pirates, exiles, and empire: English seamen, Atlantic expansion, and Jamaican settlement, 1558–1658

A life of piracy offered marginal men a profession with a degree of autonomy, despite the brand of "outlaw" and the fear of prosecution. At various times throughout history, governments and crowned heads suspended much of their piracy prosecution, licensing men to work as "privateers" for the state, supplementing naval forces. This practice has a long history, but in sixteenth-century England, Elizabeth I (1558-1603) significantly altered this tradition. Recognizing her own weakness in effectively prosecuting these men and the profit they could contribute to the government, Elizabeth began incorporating pirates into the English naval corps in peacetime—not just in war. This practice increased English naval resources, income, and presence in the emerging Atlantic World, but also increased conflict with the powerful Spanish empire. By 1605, making peace with Spain, James VI/I (1603-1625) retracted Elizabeth's privateering promotion, prompting an emigration of English seamen to the American outposts they had developed in the previous century. Now exiles, no longer beholden to the Crown, seamen reverted back to piracy. The Carolinas and Jamaica served as bases for these rover communities. In 1650, the revolutionary leader Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) once again recognized the merits of such policies. Determined to demonstrate his authority and solidify his rule, Cromwell offered citizenship and state support to Caribbean exiles in exchange for their aiding of his navy in the taking of Spanish Jamaica. Official chartering of Port Royal, Jamaica served as reward for these men's efforts and as the culmination of a century-long cycle of piracy legislation, creating one of England's most lucrative colonies in the middle of a traditionally Spanish Caribbean empire. Through legal and diplomatic records, correspondence, and naval and demographic records from England and Spain, this dissertation explores early modern piracy/privateering policy and its impact on the development of the Atlantic World. European disputes and imperial competition converged in these piracy debates with significant consequences for the definitions of criminality and citizenship and for the development of Atlantic empire.

A ribeira da discórdia: terras, homens e relações de poder na territorialização do Assu colonial (1680-1720)

The internalization process of the Portuguese possession in Northern Captaincies - after the Dutch eviction and the development of activities related to livestock in the backlands (Sertão) – expanded the Portuguese territory in America. This process resulted in the advancement of Portuguese conquest over the region and conflicts involving agents of colonization and indigenous groups who inhabited that space, as well as conflicts of interest of captaincy’s major social groups and the defense policies of the Portuguese territory possession. Among the rivers which run through Rio Grande captaincy’s territory, the Açu was the one that aroused conquerors and colonizers of the back lands interest, making that spatiality an area where interest and power exercises converged and generated discord. This research aims to analyze the territorial process of Assu backlands, from the pioneers, conquerors and colonizers action over the space studied, during the event known as the War of the Barbarians in Assu, conflict that ensured the integration of the area the territory and the wishes of the Portuguese crown. Thus, it will be taken as objects of study social phenomena that characterized Assu’s riverside - at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century, in a cutout that extends from 1680 to 1720 - as an area of conflicts of interest, noticeable for analysis from period documents such as records of land grants concessions, correspondence between colonial and kingdom authorities, documents from the exercise of administration of Portuguese America and legislation.

A ribeira da discórdia: terras, homens e relações de poder na territorialização do Assu colonial (1680-1720)

The internalization process of the Portuguese possession in Northern Captaincies - after the Dutch eviction and the development of activities related to livestock in the backlands (Sertão) – expanded the Portuguese territory in America. This process resulted in the advancement of Portuguese conquest over the region and conflicts involving agents of colonization and indigenous groups who inhabited that space, as well as conflicts of interest of captaincy’s major social groups and the defense policies of the Portuguese territory possession. Among the rivers which run through Rio Grande captaincy’s territory, the Açu was the one that aroused conquerors and colonizers of the back lands interest, making that spatiality an area where interest and power exercises converged and generated discord. This research aims to analyze the territorial process of Assu backlands, from the pioneers, conquerors and colonizers action over the space studied, during the event known as the War of the Barbarians in Assu, conflict that ensured the integration of the area the territory and the wishes of the Portuguese crown. Thus, it will be taken as objects of study social phenomena that characterized Assu’s riverside - at the turn of the 17th to the 18th century, in a cutout that extends from 1680 to 1720 - as an area of conflicts of interest, noticeable for analysis from period documents such as records of land grants concessions, correspondence between colonial and kingdom authorities, documents from the exercise of administration of Portuguese America and legislation.

Gobierno, justicias y milicias : La frontera entre Buenos Aires y Santa Fe (1720-1830)

Tabla de contenidos: Instantánea de una pausa Estudiando a los agentes que producen fronteras en el largo siglo XVIII rioplatense / Darío G. Barriera. La justicia rural en tensión. Alcaldes provinciales, cabildos y autoridades centrales en el proceso de territorialización / Carlos M. Birocco. Espacios en tensión, territorios en construcción. Santa Fe y Buenos Aires durante la primera etapa borbónica [1700-1745] / Griselda Tarragó. Con los curas a otra parte. Curatos rurales y doctrinas en la frontera sur santafesina [1700-1740] / Miriam Moriconi. El gobierno de los campos entre el reformismo borbónico y la política de los vecinos : Partidos, distritos y jueces delegados [Santa Fe, 1789-1808] / Darío G. Barriera. Jueces santafesinos en la otra banda del Paraná. El problema de la proximidad en el proceso de reordenamiento territorial de la campaña. Pago de Bajada, último cuarto del siglo XVIII / Paula Polimene. Soldados de Pinazo. El poder miliciano en el norte de la frontera de Buenos Aires [1766-1779] / María Eugenia Alemano. Fuerzas militares y milicianas y configuración de un espacio fronterizo [1760-1820] / Raúl Osvaldo Fradkin. Repensando los malones del siglo XVIII en la frontera de Buenos Aires / Florencia Carlón. El norte también existe? Diplomacia y relaciones interétnicas en la frontera bonaerense / Silvia Ratto. Autoridades locales y elecciones en la frontera norte bonaerense [1815-1828] / Vicente Agustín Galimberti.

Miguel Calderón de la Barca (1653-1720): biografía y aspectos artísticos

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer a Miguel Calderón de la Barca, figura de relieve por su carrera jurídica, pero sobre todo por las donaciones y legado artístico que enriquecieron el patrimonio cultural de la villa de Conil de la Frontera y el tesoro de la Iglesia Catedral de Cádiz. Los estudios que se habían efectuado hasta el momento eran parciales e incompletos, algo que se ha pretendido subsanar con la aportación de datos inéditos mediante los que recomponer la biografía del personaje, al tiempo que se ha procurado la comprensión y análisis profundo del momento histórico y manifestaciones artísticas ligadas a Calderón. Ha sido preciso recurrir a fuentes de diversa índole para poder cumplir estos objetivos. En la fase heurística de la investigación, realizamos la consulta y recopilación de la documentación manuscrita que se halla dispersa en archivos andaluces y madrileños. En concreto, el Archivo General de Indias es el principal repositorio para lo tocante al nombramiento de Calderón como oidor de la Real Audiencia de Nueva España en 1689 y el desempeño de sus funciones como ministro; el Archivo Histórico Nacional lo es, a su vez, para complementar la información tocante a la provisión de la plaza de toga en el Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias en 1707. Por último, los archivos históricos de protocolos de Madrid, Cádiz y Conil, y los eclesiásticos –parroquiales, diocesano y catedralicio– de la capital y localidad de la expresada provincia gaditana, han suministrado las noticias útiles de la historia personal y familiar de don Miguel: bautismo, matrimonios, poderes para testar y testamento. No sólo eso. En su acervo hemos descubierto algo más: inventarios de bienes dotales y de la testamentaría –estos con la consiguiente tasación y almoneda–, escrituras de fundación de capellanías y donación de piezas de plata y pintura de señalada importancia a las fábricas de los templos de Conil y de la catedral de Cádiz...

Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658

A life of piracy offered marginal men a profession with a degree of autonomy, despite the brand of “outlaw” and the fear of prosecution. At various times throughout history, governments and crowned heads suspended much of their piracy prosecution, licensing men to work as “privateers” for the state, supplementing naval forces. This practice has a long history, but in sixteenth-century England, Elizabeth I (1558-1603) significantly altered this tradition. Recognizing her own weakness in effectively prosecuting these men and the profit they could contribute to the government, Elizabeth began incorporating pirates into the English naval corps in peacetime—not just in war. This practice increased English naval resources, income, and presence in the emerging Atlantic World, but also increased conflict with the powerful Spanish empire. By 1605, making peace with Spain, James VI/I (1603-1625) retracted Elizabeth’s privateering promotion, prompting an emigration of English seamen to the American outposts they had developed in the previous century. Now exiles, no longer beholden to the Crown, seamen reverted back to piracy. The Carolinas and Jamaica served as bases for these rover communities. In 1650, the revolutionary leader Oliver Cromwell (1649-1658) once again recognized the merits of such policies. Determined to demonstrate his authority and solidify his rule, Cromwell offered citizenship and state support to Caribbean exiles in exchange for their aiding of his navy in the taking of Spanish Jamaica. Official chartering of Port Royal, Jamaica served as reward for these men’s efforts and as the culmination of a century-long cycle of piracy legislation, creating one of England’s most lucrative colonies in the middle of a traditionally Spanish Caribbean empire. Through legal and diplomatic records, correspondence, and naval and demographic records from England and Spain, this dissertation explores early modern piracy/privateering policy and its impact on the development of the Atlantic World. European disputes and imperial competition converged in these piracy debates with significant consequences for the definitions of criminality and citizenship and for the development of Atlantic empire.

Texture for Script identification

The problem of determining the script and language of a document image has a number of important applications in the field of document analysis, such as indexing and sorting of large collections of such images, or as a precursor to optical character recognition (OCR). In this paper, we investigate the use of texture as a tool for determining the script of a document image, based on the observation that text has a distinct visual texture. An experimental evaluation of a number of commonly used texture features is conducted on a newly created script database, providing a qualitative measure of which features are most appropriate for this task. Strategies for improving classification results in situations with limited training data and multiple font types are also proposed.

Defining reference service life : an open innovation approach

The endeavour to obtain estimates of durability of components for use in lifecycle assessment or costing and infrastructure and maintenance planning systems is large. The factor method and the reference service life concept provide a very valuable structure, but do not resolve the central dilemma of the need to derive an extensive database of service life. Traditional methods of estimating service life, such as dose functions or degradation models, can play a role in developing this database, however the scale of the problem clearly indicates that individual dose functions cannot be derived for each component in each different local and geographic setting. Thus, a wider range of techniques is required in order to devise reference service life. This paper outlines the approaches being taken in the Cooperative Research Centre for Construction Innovation project to predict reference service life. Approaches include the development of fundamental degradation and microclimate models, the development of a situation-based reasoning ‘engine’ to vary the ‘estimator’ of service life, and the development of a database on expert performance (Delphi study). These methods should be viewed as complementary rather than as discrete alternatives. As discussed in the paper, the situation-based reasoning approach in fact has the possibility of encompassing all other methods.

Depth of focus and visual acuity with primary and secondary spherical aberration

It is known that the depth of focus (DOF) of the human eye can be affected by the higher order aberrations. We estimated the optimal combinations of primary and secondary Zernike spherical aberration to expand the DOF and evaluated their efficiency in real eyes using an adaptive optics system. The ratio between increased DOF and loss of visual acuity was used as the performance indicator. The results indicate that primary or secondary spherical aberration alone shows similar effectiveness in extending the DOF. However, combinations of primary and secondary spherical aberration with different signs provide better efficiency for expanding the DOF. This finding suggests that the optimal combinations of primary and secondary spherical aberration may be useful in the design of optical presbyopic corrections. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.