Taxonomy, Hemipenial Morphology, and Natural History of Two Poorly Known Species of Anadia (Gymnophthalmidae) from Northern South America

Anadia pariaensis Rivas, La Marca, and Oliveros, 1999, and Anadia steyeri Nieden, 1914, are two particularly rare and poorly known lizards described from single specimens. In the case of A. pariaensis, it remains known from the holotype, whereas A. steyeri is known from three additional specimens reported in the literature after the original description of the species. A single new specimen of A. pariaensis and five of A. steyeri, including the first adult males recorded for both species, make possible a more representative description of both species, including descriptions of the hemipenes. Despite both species presenting some similar morphological characteristics, the examination of the hemipenial morphology revealed very different organs. The hemipenis of A. steyeri presents some characteristics that resemble the organs of two species from the Santa Marta Mountain Range in the "bitaeniata-group" (Anadia pulchella and Anadia altaserrania). On the other hand, the hemipenes of A. pariaensis are unique morphologically and cannot be associated with the hemipenes known from other species in the genus. We describe variation within both species, and we comment on possible sexual dimorphism (number and arrangement of the femoral pores), natural history, and the known geographic distribution of the species. We also comment on Anadia bumanguesa Rueda-Almonacid and Caicedo 2004 based on a new specimen, the second known. This species may be a synonym of A. steyeri.

137Cs Inventory in sedimentary columns from continental shelf of São Paulo State

137Cs is an artificial radioactive isotope produced by 235U fission. This radionuclide has a high fission yield and a half-life of 30 years. It has been detected in the environment since 1945 and its principal contamination source has been nuclear tests in the atmosphere. There are other sources of 137Cs contamination in the environment, such as: release from nuclear and reprocessing plants, radioactive dumping and nuclear accidents (Chernobyl, for example). This paper presents an inventory of 137Cs on the Continental Shelf of São Paulo State, a region located between Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (Santa Catarina state) and Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro state). In this area, 9 cores were collected by the Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo University Institute of Oceanography). The cores were sliced at every 2 cm; sub-samples were lyophilized, grinded and stored in plastic containers. 137Cs was determined by 661 keV photopeak using a gamma spectrometry detector (Ge hyperpure). The analysis was performed by efficiency and background in different counting times. 137Cs concentration activities varied from 0.3 to 3.6 Bq kg-1 with a mean value of 1.2±0.6 Bq kg-1. The inventory of 137Cs in this area was 13±7 Bq m-2. Values obtained are in agreement with the Southern Hemisphere, a region contaminated by atmospheric fallout due to past nuclear explosions.

Natural radionuclides distribution in the shelf and upper slope off southeast Brazil

In recent decades, Oceanography has been using a variety of radionuclides as tracers to understand the ocean dynamic processes, handling and disposal of sediments of seabed. In this context, the determination of natural radionuclides distributions (238U, 232Th and 40K) has been carried out with sediments samples from the shelf and upper slope off Southeast Brazil using a gamma spectrometry technique. The samples were sliced into strata of 2 cm, dried, ground and properly packed to be analysed. The concentration of activities was performed in a hyperpure Ge detector with a resolution of 1,9 keV for the peak of 1332,3 keV of 60Co, model GEM50P by EGG&ORTEC. The study area is located between latitudes 28°40'S and 23°00'S and extends from Cabo Frio (RJ) to Cabo de Santa Marta Grande (SC). The activity concentrations varied from 0,6 to 52,8 BqKg-1 for 238U, from 1,6 to 50,9BqKg-1 for 232Th and from 65,4 to 873,3 BqKg-1 for 40K. From these results it is possible to establish a correlation between the depositional area dynamics and the samples size parameters

Evolución de la transmisión de la energía del oleaje a través de un rompeolas flotante empleando un método SPH

[ES] Debido a la necesidad de proponer estructuras de protección costera que sean ambientalmente viables y operacionalmente efectivas, se propone como estructura para proteger el muelle de la Estación de Guardacostas de Santa Marta, Colombia, un Rompeolas Flotante; empleando para su diseño y validación un modelo en numérico de partículas en 2D, conocido como Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics. Desarrollando todo el proceso de validación y análisis de los casos para obtener resultados confiables y que permitan proponer un Rompeolas Flotante con dimensiones concretas, que atenúe el efecto del oleaje incidente en el muelle.

Performance Optimization of a Floating Breakwater Model Using SPH Method, with a Practical Application

Máster en Oceanografía

Diagnosi di strutture lignee e murarie: Il contributo delle indagini sperimentali

Conoscere dal punto di vista tecnico-costruttivo una costruzione storica è fondamentale per un’attendibile valutazione della sicurezza strutturale attuale e per la scelta di un eventuale ed efficace intervento di miglioramento. Per le strutture di interesse storico appartenenti al patrimonio culturale, ma anche per gli altri edifici, risulta difficile conoscere le origini del manufatto, le modifiche avvenute nel corso del tempo dovute a fenomeni di danneggiamento derivanti dal peggioramento delle condizioni dei materiali e dall’avvenimento di eventi calamitosi a causa della mancanza di documentazione storica. La mia tesi e’ focalizzata su tecniche di indagine non distruttive in modo da migliorare la conoscenza della struttura per poi intervenire in modo corretto. L’obiettivo del lavoro svolto e’ stato indagare il contributo delle indagini sperimentali alla diagnosi di edifici storici, in particolare elementi strutturali lignei e di muratura applicando indagini sperimentali non distruttive. Ho dapprima descritto lo stato dell’arte delle varie prove effettuate attraverso la lettura e il confronto di diversi articoli tecnico-scientifici riportando gli obiettivi, la strumentazione impiegata e i risultati ottenuti dalle diverse prove. Ho poi effettuato uno studio del materiale legno utilizzato per le costruzioni, riportandone la descrizione dal punto di vista strutturale, le caratteristiche fisiche, chimiche e meccaniche, le diverse classificazioni e le fasi di lavorazione. Quindi ho analizzato alcune delle prove non distruttive necessarie per una diagnosi di elementi lignei. Per ogni prova vengono riportate alcune caratteristiche, il principio di funzionamento e la strumentazione utilizzata con eventuali software annessi. Negli ultimi 3 capitoli si procede con l’applicazione sperimentale delle prove in sito o in laboratorio precedentemente descritte, in diversi casi di studio; in particolare 1) l’applicazione della prova di compressione assiale su alcuni provini ricavati da un elemento strutturale in legno antico per ricavare vari parametri fisici e meccanici; 2) lo studio di una capriata di legno presente in laboratorio, recuperata dopo il sisma dell’Emilia del 2012, iniziando dall’ispezione visuale classificazione a vista degli elementi sulla base di quanto riportato nella normativa per poi analizzare i dati delle varie prove non distruttive eseguite. 3) Infine è applicata la prova termografica ad un edificio di interesse storico, come l’ex Monastero di Santa Marta, situato in via S. Vitale a Bologna per indagare la tipologia strutturale, le tecnologie costruttive impiegate nelle varie epoche di questo complesso.

Spatiotemporal monitoring of water quality in coral reefs of Tayrona National Natural Park, Colombian Caribbean, 2011-2013

Tayrona National Natural Park (TNNP; 11°17' - 11°22' N and 73°53' - 74°12' W) is a hotspot of coral reef biodiversity in the Colombian Caribbean, located between the city of Santa Marta (>455,000 inhabitants) and several smaller river mouths (Rio Piedras, Mendihuaca, Guachaca). The region experiences a strong seasonal variation in physical parameters (temperature, salinity, wind, and water currents) due to alternating dry seasons with coastal upwelling and rainy seasons. Here, a range of water quality parameters relevant for coral reef functioning is provided. Water quality was measured directly above local coral reefs (~10 m water depth) by a monthly monitoring for up to 25 months in the four TNNP bays (Chengue, Gayraca, Neguanje, and Cinto) and at sites with different degree of exposition to winds, waves and water currents (exposed vs. sheltered sites) within each bay. The water quality parameters include: inorganic nutrient (nitrate, nitrite and soluble reactive phosphorus), chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations (with a replication of n=3) as well as oxygen availability, biological oxygen demand, seawater pH, and water clarity (with a replication of n=4). This is by far the most comprehensive coral reefs water quality dataset for the region. A detailed description of the methods can be found within the referenced publications.

La explotación de las esmeraldas de Muzo (Nueva Granada), en sus primeros tiempos

Las primeras esmeraldas colombianas fueron descubiertas, el año de 1514, en Santa Marta, Costa Norte, por el Capitán General Pedro Arias de Ávila. Durante la conquista se requisaron muchas a los indios y también se recogieron en placeres, lo que ponía en evidencia la riqueza de este país. En 1535, el naturalista Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo (1478-1557) nos señala en la Historia Natural y General de Indias (1535) que desde Tierra Firme 'se han llevado muchas (esmeraldas) en cantidad de diversas estimaciones, é precio', oferta tal que llevó a la caída de precios en Europa.

Como un paraíso en la tierra

Prólogo del libro Hogar del jubilado Santa Marta de Tormes, de Jesús María Aparicio Guisado.

Historia de Venezuela,

The second part ends with the death of Lope de Aguirre in 1561.

Ordine de Caualieri del Tosone.

ICCU,

Teatro eclesiástico de la primitiua Iglesia de las Indias Occidentales, vidas de sus arzobispos, y obispos, y cosas memorables de sus sedes, en lo que pertenece al Reino del Piru ... /

Contiene: Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia Arzobispas de Lima y vidas de sus arzobispos: h. 1-22 -- Teatro eclesiastico ... del Nueuo Reyno de Granada ...: h. 23-29 -- Teatro eclesiasico ... de la ciudad de La Plata, que tiene su assiento en la prouincia de los Charcas ...: h. 30-34 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia del Cuzco ...: h. 35-43 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia de Quito ...: h. 44-50 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... S. Miguel de Tucuman ...: h. 51-54 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la Santa Iglesia de Panama ...: h. 55-61 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santa Marta ...: h. 62-65 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Guamanga ...: h. 66-68 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Cartagena ...: h. 69-73 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Popayan ...: h. 74-77 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Truxillo ...: h. 78-81 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santiago de Chile ...: h. 82-86 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... la ciudad imperial de la Concepcion de Chile ...: h. 87-89 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santa Maria de la Paz ...: h. 90-93 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... la ciudad de la Assumpcopm del Rio de la Plata ...: h. 94-95 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Catedral de la ciudad de la Santissima Trinidad de Buenos Aires ... : h. 98-100 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Catedral de Arequipa ...: h. 101-104 -- Teatro eclesiastico de la ... Assumpcion del Paraguay ...: h. 105-107 -- Teatro eclesiastico de ... Santacruz de la Sierra : h. 108-119 [i.e. 110]

Discorsi quadragesimali /

Mode of access: Internet.

Trenta discorsi del padre Gregorio Mastrilli della Compagnia di Giesu :Nelli quali si spiega la sacra historia del santo peofeta Giona. Vivuo ritratto della vita, predicationa, e passione di Giesu Christo nostro redentore.

Mode of access: Internet.

Adventures and Misfortunes in Macondo: Rehabilitation of the Cienaga Grande

We describe trajectories of selected ecological indicators used as performance measures to evaluate the success of a mangrove rehabilitation project in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) Delta-Lagoon complex, Colombia, as result of freshwater diversions initiated in 1995. There is a significant reduction in soil and water column salinity in all sampling stations following the hydraulic reconnection of the Clarín and Aguas Negras channels to the Magdalena River. Soil intersticial water salinity (depth: 0.5 m) (7 stations) and water column salinity (0.5 m) (10 stations) values declined significantly (soil <30 g kg-1; water <10 g kg-1) from 1994 to 2000. During 1994 soil interstitial water salinity ranged from 40 g kg-1 (Rinconada) to 100 g kg-1 (KM 13), while water column salinity fluctuated between 25-35 g kg-1 for most of the sampling stations. This salinity reduction increased mangrove forest regeneration promoting a net gain of 99 km2 from 1995 to 1999. The high precipitation recorded in 1995 and 1999 caused by El Niño-La Niña (ENSO), coinciding with the channels rehabilitation, influenced rapid mangrove regeneration. The lack of economic investment in the maintenance of the diversion structures from 2001 to 2004 caused a salinity increase affecting negatively already restored vegetation. A sustainable effort from the international community and the Colombian government is needed to maintain the strategic social and economic benefits reached until 2000 in the CGSM region.