What does the field of International Relations look like in South America?

Abstract This article provides a comprehensive picture of IR in South America by applying content analysis to 7,857 articles published in 35 journals from six South American countries from 2006 to 2014 in order to discover what the predominant theories, methods and research areas in this field are, how scholars tend to combine them in their research designs, and what the profiles of regional journals are, regarding their epistemological, methodological and subject preferences. The findings reveal a predominantly Positivist and largely Qualitative discipline, resembling North American and European IR.

Ankle dynamic in stroke patients: agonist vs. antagonist muscle relations

O documento em anexo encontra-se na versão post-print (versão corrigida pelo editor).

The influence of relationship quality and culture in the relations between exporter and distributor : the case of portuguese exports to Angola

The objective of this research is to investigate the role of the relationship quality, cooperation and culture between Portuguese companies and their export market intermediaries in Angola. In particular, we aim to understand the importance that the quality of the relationship has in cooperation and the role of cultures in export activities. An important aspect of this study is precisely the fact that it includes an African country, where, in terms of the literature, there is a strong lack of studies. In terms of methodology we opted for qualitative analysis; we present the results of two case studies of Portuguese exporting companies and one case study of Angolan intermediate. In general, the results are that the business relationships are characterized by trust, commitment, cooperation, culture, similar values, as in the past, Angola belonged to Portugal there is easy communication because both countries share the same. Such factors will influence the trade relations between Portuguese exporters and their Angolan distributors.

Health, sleep and lack of time: relations to domestic and paid work in nurses

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether reported morbidity and complaints of lack of time and sleep are associated with the burden of professional work and housework among nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional exploratory study was carried out among female nurses and nurse assistants (N=206) of a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. The prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: Mean duration of professional work and housework time was 40.4 and 31.6 hours/week, respectively. Long professional working time (over 44 hours/week) were associated with mild emotional disorders (PR=1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.80), complaints of lack of time for resting/leisure (PR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.31-1.97), housework (PR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.12-1.97), and childcare (PR=1.99; 95% CI: 1.51-2.63). Long housework time (over 28 hours/week) was associated with lower prevalence of lack of time for childcare (PR=0.62; 95% CI: 0.46-0.84). High housework load was associated with lack of personal time and complaints of varicose veins (PR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.14-1.50 and PR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.08-1.58, respectively). Complaints of varicose veins were also frequent among female nurses with a total work load above 84 hours (PR=1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.61), though this group has shown a lower prevalence of arterial hypertension and recurrent headaches (PR=0.35; 95% CI: 0.15-0.83 and PR=0.53; 95% CI: 0.32-0.89, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that both professional and home environments are relevant in the evaluation of work overload on nurses' health and their family and social life. It is stressed the need for instruments for analyzing total workload among female populations.

Futebol: o caminho de África até à Europa

Similarly to its past, Africa plays a similar role in the football world as it did during History, if we look at the creation of some of the most powerful empires in the world (the Portuguese, French or English, for example) – as an almost unlimited workforce ‘supplier’. Africa is still searching for its own place in the football world map. With a recent history filled with social conflicts, civil wars and racial discrimination, it was possibly in this continent that the sport was first seen as a means towards social evolution and as ‘peacemaker’. Although these problems also exist in African stadiums, supporters all over the continent go to matches to celebrate and socialize; in a reality constantly shrouded in conflicts and oppression, football is like a ‘light at the end of the tunnel’ to those who believe in a continent sustained by healthy political relations between countries, democratic values and a socially fair ‘use’ of a country’s potential – and always for the profit of its own people. But while see the attempt to use football with that objective, others see it as their ticket out of their country, to avoid getting involved in military conflicts and seek better life conditions for themselves and their families (both those who accompany them and those who remain in Africa). Others, still, try to make the most of others’ will to leave a less favourable social reality; Portugal, for its past as a colonizing country, also saw in the African players a way to develop the football phenomenon in its European territory. This article attempts to analyze the influence of Portuguese colonialism in the emigration of African players to Europe, since Portugal presents itself as one of the biggest ‘importers’ of these players.

Public relations in part-time : full-time service: estratégia de comunicação para o lançamento de um novo modelo de negócio ds relações públicas em Portugal

O presente trabalho visa propor uma estratégia para a construção e lançamento de um novo modelo de negócio para a atuação das Relações Públicas em Portugal, numa proposta direcionada para as micro e pequenas empresas. Entre o serviço in house e a consultadoria clássica existe um espaço não coberto em Portugal: um serviço in house partilhado. Apresenta-se aqui este projeto de serviço de Relações Públicas para aqueles para quem é incomportável assumir nos seus quadros um Técnico de Comunicação.

As relações públicas para além das guest relations: relatório de estágio no grupo Porto Bay Hotels & Resorts

Foi realizado um estágio no grupo Porto Bay Hotels & Resorts, um grupo hoteleiro da Região Autónoma da Madeira, com a duração de três meses. Apresenta-se assim no presente trabalho uma perspectiva das Relações Públicas no sector do turismo e hotelaria bem como a discussão do porquê do afunilamento desta função de gestão das relações entre as organizações e os seus públicos nas Guest Relations em algumas das unidades hoteleiras em que trabalhámos. O turismo é actualmente um dos principais sectores da economia mundial. A sobrevivência de um destino turístico, unidade hoteleira ou mesmo de um resort, depende em muito da percepção que os seus stakeholders têm da qualidade dos seus serviços. Assim as Relações Públicas, como em outros sectores, assumem um papel de destaque sendo que estas têm a capacidade de trabalhar a relação entre uma organização e os seus stakeholders, gerindo conflitos e expressando uma identidade positiva sobre a mesma e trabalhando a sua reputação e visibilidade. Em suma este trabalho pretende compreender e reflectir sobre as relações públicas no sector do turismo e hotelaria mesmo quando não o são assim entendidas. Defender-se-á uma perspectiva global, integrada e proactiva das Relações Públicas no sector hoteleiro.

Public relations, satisfaction and commitment

The importance of the organizational relationship (senior managers) with an internal public (employees) is the main focus of this research, aiming to understand how this relationship differs between the different publics. Nowadays, the relevance attributed by Public Relations to this relationship is crucial. The main purpose is to identify two consistent models to measure the impact of an organizational relationship on the internal public. The second purpose is to identify how the internal public react to this organizational relationship, namely by gender. The research was conducted in nine Portuguese companies with a sample of 1.244 subjects in order to study the context of the relationship and validate the identified models. The results show the gender stereotypes in the relationship in these companies and that the organizational relationship has an impact on organizational commitment with a consistent model that highlights the impact of Public Relations on a company's productivity.

Public relations, satisfaction and commitment

The importance of the relationship with an internal public is the main focus of our research. Nowadays, the relevance attributed by Public Relations to this relationship is crucial. Our purpose is to identify two consistent models to measure the impact of an organizational relationship on its internal public. The research was conducted in nine Portuguese companies with a sample of 1244 subjects in order to study the context of the relationship and validate the identified models. The results show us the gender stereotypes in the relationship in these companies and that it is possible to identify the impact of Public Relations on a company's productivity.

Explicit discrimination and health: development and psychometric properties of an assessment instrument

OBJECTIVE: To develop an instrument to assess discrimination effects on health outcomes and behaviors, capable of distinguishing harmful differential treatment effects from their interpretation as discriminatory events. METHODS: Successive versions of an instrument were developed based on a systematic review of instruments assessing racial discrimination, focus groups and review by a panel comprising seven experts. The instrument was refined using cognitive interviews and pilot-testing. The final version of the instrument was administered to 424 undergraduate college students in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil, in 2010. Structural dimensionality, two types of reliability and construct validity were analyzed. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis corroborated the hypothesis of the instrument's unidimensionality, and seven experts verified its face and content validity. The internal consistency was 0.8, and test-retest reliability was higher than 0.5 for 14 out of 18 items. The overall score was higher among socially disadvantaged individuals and correlated with adverse health behaviors/conditions, particularly when differential treatments were attributed to discrimination. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the validity and reliability of the instrument developed. The proposed instrument enables the investigation of novel aspects of the relationship between discrimination and health.

Gender and racial inequalities in trends of oral cancer mortality in Sao Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE:To analyse recent trends in oral cancer mortality, focusing specifically on differences concerning gender and race.METHODS:Official information on deaths and population in the city of Sao Paulo, 2003 to 2009, were used to estimate mortality rates from oral cancer (C00 to C10, International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision), adjusted for age and stratified by gender (females and males) and race (blacks and whites). The Prais-Winsten auto-regression procedure was used to analyse the time series.RESULTS:During the study period, 8,505 individuals living in the city of Sao Paulo died of oral cancer. Rates increased for females (rate of yearly increase = 4.4%, 95%CI 1.4;7.5), and levelled off for men, which represents an inversion of previous trends among genders in the city. Increases were identified for blacks, with a high rate of yearly increase of 9.1% (95%CI 5.5;12.9), and levelled off for whites. Oral cancer mortality in blacks almost doubled during the study period, and surpassed mortality in whites for almost all categories.CONCLUSIONS:Mortality presented a higher increase among women than in men, and it doubled among backs. The surveillance of trends of oral cancer mortality across gender and racial groups may contribute to implementing socially appropriate health policies, which concurrently reduce the burden of disease and the attenuation of unfair, avoidable and unnecessary inequalities in health.

Les acanthopleurocératinés portugais et leurs relations avec les formes subboréales

The evolution of the Portuguese Acanthopleuroceratinae is similar to the celto-souabe succession such as it was described in the collects of the Cottards (Cher, France). A subspecies of one of the oldest Acanthopleuroceras (A. carinatum atlanticum) is abundant in the lower part of the Portuguese Ibex zone; this form is described here. The species is recognized in France by several nuclei associated with A. arietiforme (Cottards-22). Generally the similarity between the successive French and Portuguese populations (A. maugenesti, A. valdani, A. alisiense, junior synonym of A. lepidum TUTCHER and TRUEMAN, 1925), is very good. This fact suggests their specific identity. It is typical for A. lepidum of which the greatest populations allow the biometric comparaisons. In Portugal, the mesogean Tropidaceras are missing. This absence of the subboreal Acanthopleuroceras ancestors suggests the straight celto-souabe derivation of the Portuguese Acanthopleuroceras and not a similar local evolution. A. lepidum the last Acanthopleuroceras reaches the western coast of Canada (British Columbia) probably by the Arctic ocean.

Para lá dos jornalistas: influencer relations, uma nova era de Media Relations

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.