Avaliação e caracterização dos principais compostos químicos da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar envelhecida em tonéis de carvalho (Quercus sp.)

A aguardente de cana-de-açúcar ou cachaça é muito apreciada por seu aroma e sabor característico, que podem melhorar pelo envelhecimento em barris de madeira. Durante o envelhecimento muitas transformações ocorrem e alguns compostos novos podem ser incorporados ou formados, enquanto outros desaparecem. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da madeira sobre a qualidade e composição química da aguardente quando envelhecida em barris de carvalho. Doze amostras de aguardentes foram armazenadas em barris de carvalho e em recipientes de vidro, sob as mesmas condições. As amostragens para análises foram realizadas a cada três meses por um período de três anos. Foram determinados os seguintes compostos: teor alcoólico, polifenóis, acetaldeído, acetato de etila, metanol, n-butílico, n-propílico, isobutílico, isoamílico, acidez e cobre. Houve diferença significativa entre as aguardentes armazenadas em barris de madeira e nos recipientes de vidro. As aguardentes armazenadas em barris apresentaram diferenças significativas para todos os elementos analisados, com exceção do n-butílico. Enquanto que as dos recipientes de vidro não apresentaram diferenças significativas, com exceção do acetato de etila, em relação às épocas de amostragem. Os recipientes utilizados e o tempo de armazenamento interferem nas características químicas e na qualidade da aguardente de cana-de-açúcar.

1.° Annotata ad Horatii satyras quintam et sextam libri secundi. — 2.° Epithalamium Pelei et Thetidis è Catullo descriptum ; cum glossis et annotationibus. — 3.° Quercus et aliae arbores publica religione consecratae in locis publicis. — 4.° Joannis Grangerii annotationes in librum secundum Ciceronis de legibus. — 5.° Ciceronianae legis, quae ad sacra et religiones pertinet, interpretatio ; ejusque capitum cum Christianae religionis decretis parallela collatio.

Mazarinaeus

Diagnóstico y evaluación del impacto de insectos asociados al género Quercus L. en la Sierra Madre Oriental, en Nuevo León, México por Florentino Caldera Hinojosa

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Forestales) U.A.N.L.

Algunos aspectos sobre la fenología, producción de bellota y propagación de seis especies de encino Quercus L. del estado de Nuevo León, México por Rubén Alejandro Marroquín Flores

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Forestales) U.A.N.L. Facultad de Ciencias Forestales.

Análisis estructural en un ecosistema multicohortal de Pinus-Quercus en una fracción de la Sierra Madre Oriental [por] Luis Mario Torres Espinosa

Tesis (Maestro en Ciencias Forestales) U.A.N.L.

Evaluación del proceso de producción de carbón vegetal de residuos de quercus sideroxyla humb & bonpl., en hornos tipo colmena brasileño.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Forestales) UANL, 2011.

Propiedades físicas y mecánicas de la madera de las especies quercus mexicana y quercus muehlenbergii.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias Forestales) UANL, 2012.

Evaluación del uso de quercus rugosa née y quercus resinosa liebm en la alimentación de pequeños rumiantes.

Tesis (Doctor en Ciencias con acentuación en Alimentos) UANL, 2014.

IES Quercus : la organización específica y la acción tutorial individualizada.

Resumen tomado de la revista

The influence of commercial film-forming polymers on reducing salt spray injury in evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.)

A field trial was undertaken to determine the influence of four commercially available film-forming polymers (Bond [alkyl phenyl hydroxyl polyoxyethylene], Newman Crop Spray 11E™ [paraffinic oil], Nu-Film P [poly-1-p menthene], and Spray Gard [di-1-p menthene]) on reducing salt spray injury on two woody species, evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) and laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.). Irrespective of species, the film-forming polymers Nu-Film-P and Spay Gard did not provide any significant degree of protection against salt spray damage irrespective of concentration (1% or 2%) applied as measured by leaf chlorophyll concentrations, photosynthetic efficiency, visual leaf necrosis, foliar sodium and chloride content, and growth (height, leaf area). The film-forming polymer Newman Crop Spray 11E™ provided only 1-week protection against salt spray injury. The film-forming polymer Bond provided a significant (P < 0.05) degree of protection against salt spray injury 3 months after application as manifest by higher leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, height and leaf area, and lower visual leaf necrosis and foliar Na and Cl content compared with nontreated controls. In conclusion, results indicate that application of a suitable film-forming polymer can provide a significant degree of protection of up to 3 months against salt spray injury in evergreen oak and laurel. Results also indicate that when applied at 1% or 2% solutions, no problems associated with phytotoxicity and rapid degradation on the leaf surface exist.

Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) canopy as interceptor of airborne trace elements and their accumulation in the litter and topsoil

We investigated the role of urban Holm Oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees as airborne metal accumulators and metals' environmental fate. Analyses confirmed Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn as main contaminants in Siena's urban environment; only Pb concentrations decreased significantly compared to earlier surveys. Additionally, we determined chemical composition of tree leaves, litter and topsoil (underneath/outside tree crown) in urban and extra-urban oak stands. Most notably, litter in urban samples collected outside the canopy had significantly lower concentrations of organic matter and higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn than litter collected underneath the canopy. There was a greater metals' accumulation in topsoil, in samples collected under the tree canopy and especially near the trunk ('stemflow area'). Thus, in urban ecosystems the Holm Oak stands likely increase the soil capability to bind metals.

ANÁLISE DESCRITIVA QUANTITATIVA da AGUARDENTE DE CANA DURANTE O ENVELHECIMENTO em TONEL DE CARVALHO (Quercus alba L.)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of simulated herbivory on photosynthesis and N resorption efficiency in Quercus pyrenaica Willd. saplings

We examined the effects of simulated folivory by caterpillars on photosynthetic parameters and nitrogen (N) resorption efficiency in Quercus pyrenaica saplings. We analyzed the differences between intact leaves in control plants, punched leaves in damaged plants, and intact leaves in damaged plants. We then established two levels of simulated folivory: low (approximate to 13% of the leaf area of one main branch removed per plant) and high (approximate to 26% of the leaf area of one main branch removed per plant) treatments. No differences were found in net assimilation rate and conductance between either leaf type or treatment during the most favourable period for photosynthesis. However, the N content was lower in punched than in intact leaves, and as a result PNUE was higher in damaged leaves from treated trees. In leaf-litter samples, N mass was significantly higher in punched than in intact leaves in treated plants, and LMA was significantly higher in damaged than in intact leaves of both the treated and control plants. Consequently, N resorption efficiency was around 15% lower in damaged leaves as compared with intact leaves from treated and control plants. Mechanical injury to leaves not only triggered no compensatory photosynthetic response to compensate a lower carbon uptake due to leaf area loss, but also affected the resorption process that characterizes leaf senescence.

Evolution of the concentration of phenolic compounds in cachaça during aging in an oak (Quercus sp.) barrel

Cachaça is a traditional and popular Brazilian drink obtained by distilling fermented sugar cane juice. Among the steps involved in its production, natural aging in wood containers for a certain period of time can lead to alterations in the chemical composition, aroma, flavor and color of the beverage. The present work sought to determine the concentration of phenolic compounds after different periods of aging of the cachaça in an oak (Quercus sp.) barrel. Periodic collections during the aging period were performed, and thirteen selected phenolic compounds were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD). A progressive increase in the concentration of the compounds analyzed was observed, with syringaldehyde and gallic acid as the compounds encountered in the highest concentration.

Identificacao do carbamato de etila durante o armazenamento da cachaca em tonel de carvalho (Quercus sp) e recipiente de vidro

The objective of the present study was the identification and quantification of ethyl carbamate (EC), by HPLC-FLD, after different periods of storage in an oak (Quercus sp) barrel and a glass vessel. The concentration of EC in the cachaça samples varied from