Os discursos acerca das tecnologias no Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024 e na escola

Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta uma discussão acerca da implementação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos processos educacionais na rede pública de ensino, considerando as políticas educacionais, mais especificamente, o Plano Nacional de Educação para o decênio 2014-2024 (PNE 2014-2024) e o contexto de uma escola da rede estadual do Rio de Janeiro, localizada no município de São Gonçalo. O que se pretende é analisar a presença do discurso hegemônico sobre as tecnologias, que assumem, por vezes, nos discursos, o papel de sujeitos na educação, responsáveis por solucionar questões de acesso e permanência na escola, e de qualidade do ensino, tanto no Plano Nacional de Educação quanto nas vozes de professores e alunos da rede pública. Os discursos acerca das tecnologias, no macro contexto do PNE 2014-2024 e no micro contexto da escola, são analisados sob o olhar da Análise Crítica do Discurso (ACD), que, por considerar o discurso uma prática social dotada de ideologias, fornece os referenciais teórico e metodológico necessários para a compreensão da hegemonia de sentido atribuída às tecnologias, na educação, seja no micro ou no macro contexto.

O Plano Municipal de Saúde: um estudo sobre o Plano Municipal de Saúde de Queimados e demais municípios da Baixada Fluminense.

O estudo tem por objetivo conhecer a realidade do planejamento de saúde do município de Queimados e da Baixada Fluminense, enfatizando a análise dos Planos Municipais de Saúde, identificando sobretudo em que bases o planejamento do município e da Baixada Fluminense foi estruturado. A metodologia foi realizada através de revisão bibliográfica, sites oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e análise dos Planos Municipais de Saúde da Baixada Fluminense, com vigência nos anos 20102013. A análise dos Planos Municipais de Saúde busca identificar as peculiaridades existentes, as características específicas de cada plano, a regionalização da rede de saúde e os instrumentos legais que norteiam sua elaboração. O resultado do estudo aponta que os planos são instrumentos de gestão elaborados pelos municípios no cumprimento da legislação e não são monitorados e acompanhados pela equipe municipal e pelos órgãos fiscalizadores. Assim, destaca-se a importância do tema na condução e perspectiva de melhorias nos O processos de estruturação e organização das políticas públicas de saúde em âmbito municipal e regional.

On the relationship between hidden Markov Models and convex functional transforms for simulating scanning probe Microscopy

Models for simulating Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) may serve as a reference point for validating experimental data and practice. Generally, simulations use a microscopic model of the sample-probe interaction based on a first-principles approach, or a geometric model of macroscopic distortions due to the probe geometry. Examples of the latter include use of neural networks, the Legendre Transform, and dilation/erosion transforms from mathematical morphology. Dilation and the Legendre Transform fall within a general family of functional transforms, which distort a function by imposing a convex solution.In earlier work, the authors proposed a generalized approach to modeling SPM using a hidden Markov model, wherein both the sample-probe interaction and probe geometry may be taken into account. We present a discussion of the hidden Markov model and its relationship to these convex functional transforms for simulating and restoring SPM images.©2009 SPIE.

Liquid crystal multi-mode lenses and axicons based on electronic phase shift control

We report on the principle of operation, construction and testing of a liquid crystal lens which is controlled by distributing voltages across the control electrodes, which are in turn controlled by adjusting the phase of the applied voltages. As well as (positive and negative) defocus, then lenses can be used to control tip/tilt, astigmatism, and to create variable axicons. © 2007 Optical Society of America.

Optical design of liquid crystal lenses: Off-axis modelling

We report on our work on producing liquid crystal switchable modal lenses and their use in a compound lens system in order to produce variable focus/zoom lenses. We describe work on producing a high power lens, and present theoretical work on off-axis phase modulation in a liquid crystal lens which is important in order to be able to carry out a complete optical design of a liquid crystal lens.

Adaptive lenses based on polarization modulation

We present and demonstrate a technique for producing a high-speed variable focus lens using a fixed birefringent lens and a ferroelectric liquid crystal cell as a polarization switch. A calcite lenses with ordinary and extraordinary focal lengths of 109mm and 88mm respectively, was used to demonstrate focus switching at frequencies of up to 3kHz. Two identical lenses and a single liquid crystal were also used to demonstrate zoom.

Adaptive modally addressed liquid crystal lenses

An adaptive lens, which has variable focus and is rapidly controllable with simple low-power electronics, has numerous applications in optical telecommunications devices, 3D display systems, miniature cameras and adaptive optics. The University of Durham is developing a range of adaptive liquid crystal lenses, and here we describe work on construction of modal liquid crystal lenses. This type of lens was first described by Naumov [1] and further developed by others [24]. In this system, a spatially varying and circularly symmetric voltage profile can be generated across a liquid-crystal cell, generating a lens-like refractive index profile. Such devices are simple in design, and do not require a pixellated structure. The shape and focussing power of the lens can be controlled by the variation of applied electric field and frequency. Results show adaptive lenses operating at optical wavelengths with continuously variable focal lengths from infinity to 70 cm. Switching speeds are of the order of 1 second between focal positions. Manufacturing methods of our adaptive lenses are presented, together with the latest results to the performance of these devices.

Convex approaches to model wavelet sparsity patterns

Statistical dependencies among wavelet coefficients are commonly represented by graphical models such as hidden Markov trees (HMTs). However, in linear inverse problems such as deconvolution, tomography, and compressed sensing, the presence of a sensing or observation matrix produces a linear mixing of the simple Markovian dependency structure. This leads to reconstruction problems that are non-convex optimizations. Past work has dealt with this issue by resorting to greedy or suboptimal iterative reconstruction methods. In this paper, we propose new modeling approaches based on group-sparsity penalties that leads to convex optimizations that can be solved exactly and efficiently. We show that the methods we develop perform significantly better in de-convolution and compressed sensing applications, while being as computationally efficient as standard coefficient-wise approaches such as lasso. © 2011 IEEE.