Instructional development for the classroom teacher /

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Causes and Implications of the Decline of the Economics Majors: A Focus on Australia

This paper analyses the causes and implications of declining economics major in Australia. Based on a brief review of the relevant literature and an analysis of the Australian time series data, it is found that economics continues to be less attractive to students in relative terms. Three major factors contribute to this phenomenon: less than appropriate product for an increasingly diverse clientele, the introduction of more attractive and business, commerce and industry-oriented programs such as finance, accounting and commerce, and business majors geared to the needs of the real world, and the use of less experienced teaching staff in lower undergraduate courses. It is argued that stemming the tide against the economics discipline would require a significant rethink of development of products more vocational and real world-oriented, market segmentation for different clientele types, and marshalling of more experienced and capable teaching staff for lower undergraduate levels.

Establishing a zone where technology innovation is supported

Learning technologies are now a ubiquitous force in the higher education sector however we continue to pursue more inventive ways to use them for teaching and learning. Many teaching academics that seek to be innovative do not have access to a supportive technology innovation zone. The aim of this study was to investigate the articulated staff development needs of academics involved in a faculty based technology innovation project and create the conditions that would cultivate innovation. The study sought to find out how academics perceived they might best be assisted through their technology innovation process so that participants’ needs were incorporated into planning. A questionnaire was used to elicit background information about the academics’ experience, skills and self diagnosed skill deficits in this context. Participants were also requested to provide information about how they thought they would best acquire the skills given their time and other resource constraints. A modified Delphi Technique was utilised to achieve some consensus on what academics required to support technology innovation. Complemented by an enabling and empowering team based approach, the academics were provided with an innovation zone to achieve significant goals for the project.

EDUCAÇÃO E DITADURA MILITAR: RELATOS DA HISTÓRIA OFICIAL E A MEMÓRIA DE PROFESSORES (1964-1985)

A presente pesquisa propõe analisar o contexto educacional ocorrido no período da ditadura militar, buscando extrair aspectos históricos e educacionais referentes ao período (1964- 1985). Trata-se de uma pesquisa realizada com professores do antigo segundo grau da rede pública de ensino do Município de Santo André (S.P). Optou-se por entrevistar seis professores que atuaram durante esse contexto histórico. Para investigar, foi utilizada a abordagem histórica-metodológica de cunho qualitativo, elegendo a memória como fonte principal de estudo. Para tanto, recorreu-se às contribuições de Bosi (Memória e sociedade: lembranças de velhos, 1984), Thompson (A voz do Passado, 1992), Romanelli (História da Educação no Brasil, 1978), Freitag (Escola Estado e Sociedade, 1980), Góes (O golpe na Educação, 1996), Cunha (Educação e Desenvolvimento Social no Brasil, 1977), Cardoso (Para uma crítica do presente, 2001), Vieira (Estado e miséria social no Brasil, 1995), Minguili (Direção de Escola de 2º grau no Estado de São Paulo, 1984), Arelaro (A extensão do ensino básico no Brasil, 1988), Teixeira (Política e administração de pessoal docente, 1988), Hilsdorf (História da educação brasileira, 2005), Gadotti (Educação e poder, 2001), Germano (Estado militar e educação no Brasil, 1990), Saviani (Escola e democracia, 1986), Santos (Professoras em tempos de mudanças, 2003). A hipótese trabalhada centra-se em interpretar a postura dos professores que atuaram no período em questão, relativa ao regime político que se instalou no País durante esta época, e de que forma isso repercutiu no seu trabalho docente. Na análise do contexto político/social e educacional, recorreu-se à revisão que forneceram subsídios para compreender e explicitar a voz do professor.

Learning to research - researching to learn

Learning to Research Researching to Learn explores the integration of research into teaching and learning at all levels of higher education. The chapters draw on the long and ongoing debate about the teaching research nexus in universities. Although the vast majority of academics believe that there is an important and valuable link between teaching and research, the precise nature of this relationship continues to be contested. The book includes chapters that showcase innovative ways of learning to research; how research is integrated into coursework teaching; how students learn the processes of research, and how universities are preparing students to engage with the world. The chapters also showcase innovative ways of researching to learn, exploring how students learn through doing research, how they conceptualise the knowledge of their fields of study through the processes of doing research, and how students experiment and reflect on the results produced. These are the key issues addressed by this anthology, as it brings together analyses of the ways in which university teachers are developing research skills in their students, creating enquiry-based approaches to teaching, and engaging in education research themselves. The studies here explore the links between teaching, learning and research in a range of contexts, from pre-enrolment through to academic staff development, in Australia, the UK, the US, Singapore and Denmark. Through a rich array of theoretical and methodological approaches, the collection seeks to further our understanding of how universities can play an effective role in educating graduates suited to the twenty-first century

Engineering education research - the UK perspective at a time of change

Engineering education in the United Kingdom is at the point of embarking upon an interesting journey into uncharted waters. At no point in the past have there been so many drivers for change and so many opportunities for the development of engineering pedagogy. This paper will look at how Engineering Education Research (EER) has developed within the UK and what differentiates it from the many small scale practitioner interventions, perhaps without a clear research question or with little evaluation, which are presented at numerous staff development sessions, workshops and conferences. From this position some examples of current projects will be described, outcomes of funding opportunities will be summarised and the benefits of collaboration with other disciplines illustrated. In this study, I will account for how the design of task structure according to variation theory, as well as the probe-ware technology, make the laws of force and motion visible and learnable and, especially, in the lab studied make Newton's third law visible and learnable. I will also, as a comparison, include data from a mechanics lab that use the same probe-ware technology and deal with the same topics in mechanics, but uses a differently designed task structure. I will argue that the lower achievements on the FMCE-test in this latter case can be attributed to these differences in task structure in the lab instructions. According to my analysis, the necessary pattern of variation is not included in the design. I will also present a microanalysis of 15 hours collected from engineering students' activities in a lab about impulse and collisions based on video recordings of student's activities in a lab about impulse and collisions. The important object of learning in this lab is the development of an understanding of Newton's third law. The approach analysing students interaction using video data is inspired by ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, i.e. I will focus on students practical, contingent and embodied inquiry in the setting of the lab. I argue that my result corroborates variation theory and show this theory can be used as a 'tool' for designing labs as well as for analysing labs and lab instructions. Thus my results have implications outside the domain of this study and have implications for understanding critical features for student learning in labs. Engineering higher education is well used to change. As technology develops the abilities expected by employers of graduates expand, yet our understanding of how to make informed decisions about learning and teaching strategies does not without a conscious effort to do so. With the numerous demands of academic life, we often fail to acknowledge our incomplete understanding of how our students learn within our discipline. The journey facing engineering education in the UK is being driven by two classes of driver. Firstly there are those which we have been working to expand our understanding of, such as retention and employability, and secondly the new challenges such as substantial changes to funding systems allied with an increase in student expectations. Only through continued research can priorities be identified, addressed and a coherent and strong voice for informed change be heard within the wider engineering education community. This new position makes it even more important that through EER we acquire the knowledge and understanding needed to make informed decisions regarding approaches to teaching, curriculum design and measures to promote effective student learning. This then raises the question 'how does EER function within a diverse academic community?' Within an existing community of academics interested in taking meaningful steps towards understanding the ongoing challenges of engineering education a Special Interest Group (SIG) has formed in the UK. The formation of this group has itself been part of the rapidly changing environment through its facilitation by the Higher Education Academy's Engineering Subject Centre, an entity which through the Academy's current restructuring will no longer exist as a discrete Centre dedicated to supporting engineering academics. The aims of this group, the activities it is currently undertaking and how it expects to network and collaborate with the global EER community will be reported in this paper. This will include explanation of how the group has identified barriers to the progress of EER and how it is seeking, through a series of activities, to facilitate recognition and growth of EER both within the UK and with our valued international colleagues.

A qualitative analysis of the lived experience of nursing staff developers in the process of changing to a new educational model

The purpose of this study was to document and critically analyze the lived experience of selected nursing staff developers in the process of moving toward a new model for hospital nursing education. Eleven respondents were drawn from a nation-wide population of about two hundred individuals involved in nursing staff development. These subjects were responsible for the implementation of the Performance Based Development System (PBDS) in their institutions.^ A purposive, criterion-based sampling technique was used with respondents being selected according to size of hospital, primary responsibility for orchestration of the change, influence over budgetary factors and managerial responsibility for PBDS. Data were gathered by the researcher through both in-person and telephone interviews. A semi-structured interview guide, designed by the researcher was used, and respondents were encouraged to amplify on their recollections as desired. Audiotapes were transcribed and resulting computer files were analyzed using the program "Martin". Answers to interview questions were compiled and reported across cases. The data was then reviewed a second time and interpreted for emerging themes and patterns.^ Two types of verification were used in the study. Internal verification was done through interview transcript review and feedback by respondents. External verification was done through review and feedback on data analysis by readers who were experienced in management of staff development departments.^ All respondents were female, so Gilligan's concept of the "ethic of care" was examined as a decision making strategy. Three levels of caring which influenced decision making were found. They were caring: (a) for the organization, (b) for the employee, and (c) for the patient. The four existentials of the lived experience, relationality, corporeality, temporality and spatiality were also examined to reveal the everydayness of making change. ^

NARRATIVAS DE EXPERIÊNCIAS VIVIDAS POR DOCENTES E DISCENTES COM USO DE TECNOLOGIA DE INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO – TDIC NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA

Vivemos um período de transformações políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais que, a todo instante, nos impõe desafios. Neste contexto, nas últimas décadas, o uso da tecnologia tem sido ampliado na realização de diversas atividades cotidianas, na divulgação de informações, na comunicação, como forma de expressão e organização da sociedade. A escola, enquanto instituição social, precisa reconhecer esta nova realidade, esta diferente possibilidade de aquisição e transformação de saber, para que possa intervir, ressignificar e redirecionar sua ação, a fim de atender as demandas de seu tempo. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa, a partir da apresentação e análise de experiências realizadas com o uso de Tecnologias da Informação e Conhecimento, é o de refletir sobre como inserir estas ferramentas no processo de ensinar e aprender na escola a partir da visão de professores e alunos, visando a formação integral do educando. Deste modo, no desenvolvimento, entendemos como necessário conhecer e considerar o contexto histórico, bem como as perspectivas relacionadas a escola e seus protagonistas (professores e estudantes) na chamada Sociedade da Informação e do Conhecimento. Ressaltamos a importância do docente (sua formação) e seu papel de mediador nos processos de aprendizagem, assim como a recepção à tecnologia, observando função e espaço de atuação desta. Destacamos experiências com a utilização de TDIC, realizada por professores e alunos, como a produção de game, revistas científicas, escrita de histórias, produções artísticas, blogs, vlogs, discussões em grupos presentes em redes sociais. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa é qualitativa, na modalidade de pesquisa-ação e narrativa, em função do envolvimento com o grupo e com as atividades desenvolvidas, nas quais os participantes compartilham com o pesquisador suas histórias pessoais e de aprendizagem relacionadas às ações ou às atividades que realiza, fornecendo informações e indícios relevantes sobre o seu processo de formação ao longo do tempo. A revisão de literatura foi realizada por meio de análise bibliográfica e documental em livros, teses, dissertações, periódicos específicos sobre o assunto, além de artigos publicados na Internet. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de conversas informais, entrevistas semiestruturadas e filmagem dos relatos. A análise foi realizada a partir da abordagem hermenêutico-fenomenológica, que busca descrever e interpretar fenômenos da experiência humana, a fim de investigar a essência por meio da identificação de temas. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade e possibilidade da ampliação da utilização de TDIC como recurso no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, por meio de formação, diálogo, interação, intencionalidade, expectativas, esperança e seus desdobramentos.

From teaching clinician to research academic- changing focus within UK nurse education; a discussion paper

The focus of this discussion paper is the need for effective professional socialisation of student nurses and the degree to which core values and culture are transferred through University schools of nursing, the academic teaching staff and to the student nurses.
UK schools of nursing had progressively transferred into university institutions more than two decades ago. Schools of nursing and the teaching academics within them, to a greater or lesser extent, impact on and help to professionally socialize student nurses. Professed core values of universities whilst including a focus on excellence and innovation, perhaps also include, collegiality, integrity and social commitment to care. These are all qualities, which should be core values and elements
of the transferable professional culture to student nurses. Notwithstanding the professed core values, at least in some areas of UK universities there is some evidence of increasing competition and a disproportionate research market driven focus. This can reflect back into schools of nursing and is inconsistent with nursing professional values.

This paper explores the degree to which the professed core values of universities and the institutional culture are necessarily enacted, and the degree to which
any dissonance in the institutions professed/enacted core values and culture reflect through the schools of nursing and impact in the professional socialisation of student nurses. The paper also explores the degree to which effective leadership in schools of nursing can help to maintain professional core values and a culture of nursing professional

The flexible citizen: education and citizenship

This paper considers the recent focus on citizenship within education by taking curricular reform within Scottish secondary schooling and its linkage with higher education as a case study. In Scotland the Curriculum for Excellence reform places citizenship as one of the four main capacities that pupils must work towards as part of their education. This is echoed to some extent within higher education through the Enhancement Theme reforms and the focus on graduate attributes. A unifying theme in these reforms is the need for students to work across different disciplines, to develop a cross-disciplinary perspective on the world by, for example, considering issues of sustainability in relation to scientific or technological developments. In this model of curriculum development teaching staff are considered as agents of change, enabling learners to develop their sense of citizenship in response to a fast-paced world of innovation and change. This kind of change is objectified as a need that must be responded to and met if tomorrow’s citizens are to be able to not only cope, but thrive in the world in which they inhabit. As such, the citizen is positioned as an ongoing project, as something to be worked at and worked on. However, this kind of notion of agency cloaks an neoliberal ideological construction of the citizen as a flexible resource for society, and usually in relation to economic output. The paper seeks to subject this construction of the citizen to critical scrutiny in relation to the idea that, in education, learners are developing their ability to be creative and enquiring in order to be adaptive to change.

„Schulinterne Unterstützungs- und Beratungsteams“ (SUBs) - konzeptionelle Skizzierungen im Kontext inklusiver Schulentwicklung, in Anlehnung an das kanadische Modell der Methods & Resource Teams

Mit der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention verpflichtet sich Deutschland seit 2009, ein inklusives Bildungssystem einzurichten. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist auf schulorganisatorischer Ebene ein heterogenes, multiprofessionelles Team mit entsprechenden Unterstützungsmaßnahmen und Unterstützungsrollen notwendig, das sich strukturell und personell abbildet. In diesem Beitrag werden - auf Basis des kanadischen "Methods & Resource Teams" - Überlegungen zu einer schulinternen und systemisch ausgerichteten Unterstützungrolle in Schule und Unterricht in Deutschland vorgestellt, die in die Konzeption eines "Schulinternen Unterstützungs- und Beratungsteams" (SUB) münden. (Autor)

REDUCING TEACHER ATTRITION: THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUILDING PRINCIPALS IN A LARGE URBAN DISTRICT TO SUPPORT TEACHER RETENTION

The high rate of teacher attrition in urban schools is well documented. While this does not seem like a problem in Carter County, this equates to hundreds of teachers that need to be replaced annually. Since school year (SY) 2007-08, Carter County has lost over 7,100 teachers, approximately half of (50.1%) of whom resigned, often going to neighboring, higher-paying jurisdictions as suggested by exit survey data (SY2016-2020 Strategic Plan). Included in this study is a range of practices principals use to retain teachers. While the role of the principal is recognized as a critical element in teacher retention, few studies explore the specific practices principals implement to retain teachers and how they use their time to accomplish this task. Through interviews, observations, document analysis and reflective notes, the study identifies the practices four elementary school principals of high and relatively low attrition schools use to support teacher retention. In doing so, the study uses a qualitative cross-case analysis approach. The researcher examined the following leadership practices of the principal and their impact on teacher retention: (a) providing leadership, (b) supporting new teachers, (c) training and mentoring teaching staff, (d) creating opportunities for collaboration, (d) creating a positive school climate, and (e) promoting teacher autonomy. The following research questions served as a foundational guide for the development and implementation of this study: 1. How do principals prioritize addressing teacher attrition or retention relative to all of their other responsibilities? How do they allocate their time to this challenge? 2. What do principals in schools with low attrition rates do to promote retention that principals in high attrition schools do not? What specific practices or interventions are principals in these two types of schools utilizing to retain teachers? Is there evidence to support their use of the practices? The findings that emerge from the data revealed the various practices principals use to influence and support teachers do not differ between the four schools.

Aperfeiçoamento de professores primários nos primórdios de Brasília : contribuições do INEP (1957-1964)

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, 2016.

A satisfação e atitudes dos docentes face à inclusão de crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais na Região Autónoma da Madeira

A ideia de escola inclusiva é uma realidade com a qual todos se confrontam nos dias de hoje. Esta ajuda a promover o desenvolvimento das pessoas com e sem necessidades educativas especiais, tendo demonstrado ser um grande benefício para todos. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender qual a satisfação dos docentes face à inclusão dos alunos com necessidades educativas especiais, na Região Autónoma da Madeira, bem como compreender a atitude e perspetiva dos educadores de infância e professores dos ensinos básico e secundário em relação a esta problemática. Na realização deste estudo, utilizou-se um inquérito por questionário para a recolha de dados, recorrendo a uma metodologia de cariz quantitativo. Os resultados desta investigação concluem que os docentes apresentam valores baixos a médios, no que se refere à sua satisfação profissional face à inclusão. Observou-se que os docentes mais novos demonstraram uma maior satisfação. Verifica-se também que os docentes do sexo masculino revelaram estar mais satisfeitos do que os do sexo feminino. Finalmente, constatou-se que os docentes com menos tempo de serviço estão mais satisfeitos do que os que possuem mais tempo de serviço. No que diz respeito às atitudes, verificamos que os professores concordaram que os docentes mais jovens, os que têm menos tempo de serviço e os do sexo feminino possuem atitudes mais favoráveis face à inclusão das crianças com NEE.