Spatially selective implementation of the adiabatic T2 prep sequence for magnetic resonance angiography of the coronary arteries.

In coronary magnetic resonance angiography, a magnetization-preparation scheme for T2 -weighting (T2 Prep) is widely used to enhance contrast between the coronary blood-pool and the myocardium. This prepulse is commonly applied without spatial selection to minimize flow sensitivity, but the nonselective implementation results in a reduced magnetization of the in-flowing blood and a related penalty in signal-to-noise ratio. It is hypothesized that a spatially selective T2 Prep would leave the magnetization of blood outside the T2 Prep volume unaffected and thereby lower the signal-to-noise ratio penalty. To test this hypothesis, a spatially selective T2 Prep was implemented where the user could freely adjust angulation and position of the T2 Prep slab to avoid covering the ventricular blood-pool and saturating the in-flowing spins. A time gap of 150 ms was further added between the T2 Prep and other prepulses to allow for in-flow of a larger volume of unsaturated spins. Consistent with numerical simulation, the spatially selective T2 Prep increased in vivo human coronary artery signal-to-noise ratio (42.3 ± 2.9 vs. 31.4 ± 2.2, n = 22, P < 0.0001) and contrast-to-noise-ratio (18.6 ± 1.5 vs. 13.9 ± 1.2, P = 0.009) as compared to those of the nonselective T2 Prep. Additionally, a segmental analysis demonstrated that the spatially selective T2 Prep was most beneficial in proximal and mid segments where the in-flowing blood volume was largest compared to the distal segments. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Midnight express phenomenon : a historical materialist approach to the reception of the film Midnight express /

This thesis examines the Midnight Express phenomenon focusing on the film's reception by audiences in Europe, North America, and Turkey between 1978-2003. Using and enhancing the "historical materialist approach" to film reception developed by Janet Staiger, the thesis considers the historical determinants of the film's nationally and culturally differential readings in different periods and of the transformations in those readings. The thesis argues that while Midnight Express was most likely read in the late 1970s as an attempt to reaffirm American social identity by projecting Turks as an instance of the negative Other, there has been an important shift in the reception of the film in the West during the 1990s due to the changes in the discursive contexts in which the film has been circulating. One does not observe any specific reference to Turkish prisons as a part of the issue of human rights violations in Turkey in the initial reception of the film by European and American critics, whereas these issues appear to be important constituents of a particular reception of the film in the West in the present. The thesis explains this shift by pointing to the constitution of a particular discourse on human rights violations in Turkey after 1980, and especially throughout the 1990s, which has become a part of the discursive repertoires of the Western audience. Therefore, the thesis argues that today, Midnight Express functions as a more legitimate political statement about Turkey in the eyes of some Western audiences than it had been in the 1970s. On the other hand, parallel to the increasing desire of Turkey to connect itself to the West, particularly to become a member of the European Union, one observes an immense increase in the belief in and defense against the negative effects of Midnight Express on Turkey's international representation since the 1990s. The historical and current discourses that audiences, both in Turkey and abroad, bring into play suggest that these audiences engage with Midnight Express by assuming or denying not only the subject positions constructed by the film text but also certain history-specific extra-filmic subject positions produced by other social and discursive formations.

Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 CpcB lyase null mutations alter phycocyanin chromophore function and, consequently, affect the redistribution of excitation energy via the light state transition /

Phycobilisomes are the major light harvesting complexes for cyanobacteria and phycocyanin is the primary phycobiliprotein of the phycobilisome rod. The phycocyanobilin lyases responsible for chromophorylating the phycocyanin p subunit (CpcB) have been recently identified in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Surprisingly, mutants missing the CpcB lyases were nevertheless capable of producing pigmented phycocyanin. 10K absorbance measurements revealed that the energy states of the p phycocyanin chromophores were only subtly shifted; however, 77K steady state fluorescence emission spectroscopy showed excitation energy transfer involving the targeted chromophores to be highly disrupted. Such evidence suggests that phycobilin orientation within the binding domain is specifically modified. We hypothesized that alternate, less specific lyases are able to act on the p binding sites. A phycocyanin linker-polypeptide deficient mutant was similarly characterized. The light state transition, a short term adaptation of the photosynthetic light harvesting apparatus resulting in the redistribution of excitation energy among the photo systems, was shown to be dominated by the reallocation of phycocyanin-absorbed excitation energy. Treatment with a high M phosphate buffer effectively prevented the redistribution of both chlorophyll a- and phycobilisome- absorbed excitation energy, suggesting that the two effects are not strictly independent. The mutant strains required a larger redistribution of excitation energy between light states, perhaps to compensate for their loss in phycobilisome antenna function.

The Bond Girl phenomenon: defining the female protagonists of the James Bond films

Please consult the paper edition of this thesis to read. It is available on the 5th Floor of the Library at Call Number: Z 9999 C65 F86 2005

Modulation du cytochrome P450 par l’insuffisance rénale chronique dans un modèle murin transgénique

L’insuffisance rénale chronique (IRC) est associée à une diminution de la clairance métabolique des médicaments résultant en partie de l’inhibition des cytochromes P450 (CYP450) et des enzymes de phase II, notamment la N-acétyltransférase 2 (NAT2), tel que démontré chez le rat. Nous avons précédemment démontré le rôle de l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTH) dans la diminution des CYP450 hépatiques chez le rat souffrant d’IRC. Toutefois, l’étude des mécanismes sous-jacents pouvant être facilitée par l’utilisation de souris transgéniques, l’objectif de cette étude consiste à confirmer ces résultats dans un modèle murin. D’abord, afin de valider ce modèle expérimental, une IRC a été induite par néphrectomie subtotale 3/4 chez des souris C57BL/6, puis l’expression protéique et génique des CYP450 et de la Nat2 hépatiques a été étudiée. Les résultats indiquent que l’IRC induit effectivement une diminution d’expression de ces enzymes dans un modèle murin. Ensuite, des souris mutantes pour le gène codant la PTH (PTH-/-) et les souris correspondantes de type sauvage (PTH+/+) ont été néphrectomisées, puis l’expression protéique et génique des CYP450 hépatiques a été analysée. Si la PTH est responsable de la diminution du CYP450 en situation d’IRC, les souris PTH-/- atteintes d’IRC ne devraient présenter aucune baisse d’expression. Les résultats obtenus pour les souris PTH-/- ne peuvent être interprétés, puisque chez les souris PTH+/+ atteintes d'IRC, le CYP450 hépatique est inchangé par rapport aux souris PTH+/+ témoins. Des expériences supplémentaires seront requises afin de déterminer si la régulation à la baisse du CYP450 précédemment observée est contrecarrée par l’absence de PTH.

THE RED RAIN PHENOMENON OF KERALA AND ITS POSSIBLE EXTRATERRESTRIAL ORIGIN

A red rain phenomenon occurred in Kerala, India starting from 25th July 2001, in which the rainwater appeared coloured in various localized places that are spread over a few hundred kilometers in Kerala. Maximum cases were reported during the first 10 days and isolated cases were found to occur for about 2 months. The striking red colouration of the rainwater was found to be due to the suspension of microscopic red particles having the appearance of biological cells. These particles have no similarity with usual desert dust. An estimated minimum quantity of 50,000 kg of red particles has fallen from the sky through red rain. An analysis of this strange phenomenon further shows that the conventional atmospheric transport processes like dust storms etc. cannot explain this phenomenon. The electron microscopic study of the red particles shows fine cell structure indicat- ing their biological cell like nature. EDAX analysis shows that the major elements present in these cell like particles are carbon and oxygen. Strangely, a test for DNA using Ethidium Bromide dye fluorescence technique indicates absence of DNA in these cells. In the context of a suspected link between a meteor airburst event and the red rain, the possibility for the extraterrestrial origin of these particles from cometary fragments is discussed.

Präventionsstudie Psychoanalytische Prävention für Familien mit Kindern im Alter von null bis drei Jahre

Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Entwicklung eines Konzeptes einer psychoanalytischen Prävention zur Verhinderung von psychischen und psychosomatischen Erkrankungen bei Kindern im Alter von 0-3 Jahre unter Einbeziehung ihrer Eltern. Dieses soll nicht lediglich die Entstehung von Symptomen bei Kindern in statu nascendi verhindern, sondern darüber hinausgehend der Entfaltung einer stabilen altersgemäßen Persönlichkeit im Rahmen einer adäquaten, kindlichen, psychischen und körperlichen Entwicklung dienen. Ohne mögliche genetische Kofaktoren in Abrede zu stellen, werden in dieser Arbeit die schon in der Säuglingszeit beginnenden, sozialen und familiendynamischen Entwicklungsbedingungen von Kindern als die entscheidenden Variablen in den Überlegungen zur Psychopathologie angesehen, die auch in der Entwicklung des Gehirns über die daraus resultierenden frühen Bindungserfahrungen mit den Eltern eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. So können die Wurzeln von später verdrängten kindlichen Konflikten mit den Wünschen nach einem emotionalen Austausch in Bezug auf Ohnmachtserlebnisse bis in die früheste Kindheit hinein reichen und später u.a. zu Symptomen von Unaufmerksamkeit und Bewegungsunruhe führen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden psychoanalytisch reflektierte Interviews als hypothesengenerierendes Forschungsinstrument angewandt, mit dem sich das in der Übertragung und Gegenübertragung vermittelnde, individuelle, zugrunde liegende, innere Erleben erschließen lässt. Die dabei generierten Hypothesen werden durch Evidenzerlebnisse und Erweiterungen der Handlungsspielräume der Betroffenen bestätigt oder verworfen. Anhand einer nach intrafamiliären Kommunikationsstörungen, sozialen Status, psychischer und körperlicher Komorbidität und Alter ausgewählten Anzahl von fünf Einzelfalldarstellungen von beteiligten Familien wird ein Einblick in die auf die inner familiären Konfliktkonstellationen ausgerichteten Interventionstechniken ermöglicht. Unter Berücksichtigung der Abwehrstruktur der beteiligten Personen und einer auf einem emotionalen Verstehen basierenden Begleitung kommen dabei Interventionen, Konfrontationen, Deutungen und gelegentlich auch Beratungen zur Anwendung. Bei allen Familien konnte durch neue Beziehungserfahrungen zunächst in den Sitzungen und danach auch außerhalb eine Symptom- und Konfliktreduzierung bzw. -auflösung bei den Kindern und einigen der Erwachsenen erreicht werden. Zwei Erwachsene begannen eine eigene Psychotherapie, um u.a. ihre emotionalen Handlungsspielräume ihren Kindern gegenüber zu erweitern. Die Replizierbarkeit der Ergebnisse der Studie müssen der Langzeituntersuchung an ausreichend großen und differenzierten Stichproben vorbehalten bleiben.

PREP Framework Handbook, Appendix 8 for Descriptor 4

decription of Descriptor 4 Portfolio requirements

General induction at companies - between an administrative process and a sociological phenomenon

From the example of the process of general induction into the organization and using certain sociological resources, shows paradox are specialists in human management: is to carefor the motivation and the welfare of workers to achieve its high performance, their fidelity and his tenure at the company; However, current mutations of the social architecture in general and of work in particular –as structure of organized action– force thinking that organizational loyalty tends to be increasingly unlikely and that, conversely, the current personnel administration processes appear made inappropriate notions and appear to contribute directly to the adversities of human beings in organizational settings.

Plan de intervención en seguridad humana 75-cien, un análisis desde la implementación de políticas públicas en materia de seguridad ciudadana en Bogotá. Estudio de caso UPZ Las Cruces

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal, explicar la influencia de la línea de intervención de Seguridad Humana del plan 75-cien, en la seguridad ciudadana de la UPZ Las Cruces, con el fin de demostrar que la política pública no influye de manera significativa en la seguridad ciudadana de la UPZ Las Cruces, ante la participación casi nula de la Policía Nacional en el proyecto. A pesar de que la intervención focaliza el territorio y prioriza las necesidades sociales, el vacío que existe en el trabajo conjunto entre la Policía y la Secretaria Distrital de Gobierno, implica que no se establezcan acciones policivas que acompañen las estrategias de desarrollo humano para evitar o disuadir el delito. Por lo tanto a partir de la utilización del método cualitativo, se recolectaran datos de grupos focales, informes de las fuentes primarias y un diagnóstico de la línea de intervención, que permitan un análisis descriptivo y explicativo del fenómeno.

Poldering a teaching qualification system in Higher Education in the Netherlands : a typical dutch phenomenon

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Prediction of the bulking phenomenon in wastewater treatment plants

The control and prediction of wastewater treatment plants poses an important goal: to avoid breaking the environmental balance by always keeping the system in stable operating conditions. It is known that qualitative information — coming from microscopic examinations and subjective remarks — has a deep influence on the activated sludge process. In particular, on the total amount of effluent suspended solids, one of the measures of overall plant performance. The search for an input–output model of this variable and the prediction of sudden increases (bulking episodes) is thus a central concern to ensure the fulfillment of current discharge limitations. Unfortunately, the strong interrelation between variables, their heterogeneity and the very high amount of missing information makes the use of traditional techniques difficult, or even impossible. Through the combined use of several methods — rough set theory and artificial neural networks, mainly — reasonable prediction models are found, which also serve to show the different importance of variables and provide insight into the process dynamics

Industria y concentración de cultivos: la contribución de la industria del frío en la fruticultura leridana

Para avanzar en el estudio de la concentración espacial de cultivos, se ha elegido el caso de la manzana, la pera y el melocotón en Lleida, desde 1962 a 2000. La evolución de ese fenómeno se ha estudiado mediante técnicas de equilibrio espacial y análisis shift share, encontrándose una pauta espacial de comportamiento distinta entre la manzana y la pera por una parte y el melocotón por otro. En el caso de las técnicas shift share se ha modelado el efecto diferencial como el resultado de un juego de suma nula, y suponiendo que las transferencias de efectos son más probables hacia las regiones más cercanas, se ha avanzado una explicación de las transferencias de superficie que se produjeron entre 1962 y 2000. La diferencia encontrada en el distinto comportamiento espacial de esos cultivos se ha atribuido a la susceptibilidad de cada cultivo para ser conservado frigoríficamente. Se ha desarrollado un modelo que relaciona los incrementos de la capacidad en la industria frigorífica y de la superficie.