New programs : National Gallery of Art extension programs catalogue supplement.

Shipping list no.: 90-207-P.

Research Highlights, National Institutes of Health

Mode of access: Internet.

Efectos sobre la salud en los trabajadores expuestos al dióxido de titanio

Objetivo principal: Revisar en la literatura científica si existen problemas en la salud y cuáles son, en los trabajadores expuestos al dióxido de titanio. Métodos: Revisión sistemática de la literatura científica recogida en las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library Plus, LILACS, OSH UPDATE, Biblioteca de la Organización internacional del Trabajo (OIT), Web of Science, IBECS. Los términos utilizados como descriptores y texto libre fueron: MeSH (thesaurus desarrollado por la U. S. National Library of Medicine), considerándose adecuados "Titanium", "Ocupational Exposure" y "Ocupational Diseases". Resultados: Se recuperaron 61 artículos. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión obteniéndose 14 artículos (4 estudios de cohortes, 3 estudios de casos y controles, 1 estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, 4 estudios de casos clínicos y 2 estudios de serie de casos). En los cuales la población estudiada fue masculina en aproximadamente 90%. Entre los trabajadores expuestos se encuentran: Pintores, albañiles, mecánicos y empleados encargados de la fabricación de joyería artificial, pintura, papel, lacas, barnices y productores de TiO2. Las patologías encontradas con mayor frecuencia fueron las alteraciones respiratorias, seguidas de alteraciones cardiovasculares, alteraciones genéticas por exposición a nanopartículas de TiO2. No se encontró asociación entre exposición al TiO2 y cáncer pulmonar. Tampoco se encontró evidencia del incremento de la mortalidad por exposición. Discusión/Conclusión: Con los estudios seleccionados, no se puede establecer una asociación significativa entre exposición laboral al TIO2 y efectos sobre la salud, pese a que se encuentran descritas alteraciones respiratorias, cardiovasculares y sistémicas en trabajadores expuestos.

Charges against members of the House and lobby activities of the National association of manufacturers of the United States and others. Hearings before the Select Committee of the House of Representatives appointed under House resolution 198, Sixty-third Congress, first session, July 12 to [Sept. 19] 1913.

Mode of access: Internet.

An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR–Cas systems

The evolution of CRISPR–cas loci, which encode adaptive immune systems in archaea and bacteria, involves rapid changes, in particular numerous rearrangements of the locus architecture and horizontal transfer of complete loci or individual modules. These dynamics complicate straightforward phylogenetic classification, but here we present an approach combining the analysis of signature protein families and features of the architecture of cas loci that unambiguously partitions most CRISPR–cas loci into distinct classes, types and subtypes. The new classification retains the overall structure of the previous version but is expanded to now encompass two classes, five types and 16 subtypes. The relative stability of the classification suggests that the most prevalent variants of CRISPR–Cas systems are already known. However, the existence of rare, currently unclassifiable variants implies that additional types and subtypes remain to be characterized.

Catalogue of the loan exhibition, 1878, in aid of the Society of Decorative Art : consisting of gems of the modern, foreign and American schools of painting and rare examples of various art industries, at the National Academy of Design.

Cover title: Loan exhibition in aid of the Society of Decorative Art, 1878.

Investigational drugs for schizophrenia targeting the dopamine receptor: phase II trials

Introduction: For over half a century now, the dopamine hypothesis has provided the most widely accepted heuristic model linking pathophysiology and treatment in schizophrenia. Despite dopaminergic drugs being available for six decades, this system continues to represent a key target in schizophrenia drug discovery. The present article reviews the scientific rationale for dopaminergic medications historically and the shift in our thinking since, which is clearly reflected in the investigational drugs detailed. Areas covered: We searched for investigational drugs using the key words `dopamine,' `schizophrenia,' and `Phase II' in American and European clinical trial registers (clinicaltrials. gov; clinicaltrialsregister.eu), published articles using National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, and supplemented results with a manual search of cross-references and conference abstracts. We provide a brief description of drugs targeting dopamine synthesis, release or metabolism, and receptors (agonists/partial agonists/antagonists). Expert opinion: There are prominent shifts in how we presently conceptualize schizophrenia and its treatment. Current efforts are not as much focused on developing better antipsychotics but, instead, on treatments that can improve other symptom domains, in particular cognitive and negative. This new era in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia moves us away from the older `magic bullet' approach toward a strategy fostering polypharmacy and a more individualized approach shaped by the individual's specific symptom profile.

Targeting the dopamine receptor in schizophrenia: investigational drugs in Phase III trials

Introduction: Antipsychotic drugs date back to the 1950s and chlorpromazine. Soon after, it was established that blockade of dopamine and, in particular, the D-2 receptor was central to this effect. Dopamine continues to represent a critical line of investigation, although much of the work now focuses on its potential in other symptom domains. Areas covered: A search was carried out for investigational drugs using the key words `dopamine', `schizophrenia' and `Phase III' in an American clinical trial registry (clinicaltrials.gov), published articles using the National Library of Medicine's PubMed database, and supplemented results with a manual search of cross-references and conference abstracts. Drugs were excluded that were already FDA approved. Expert opinion: There remains interest, albeit diminished, in developing better antipsychotic compounds. The greatest enthusiasm currently centres on dopamine's role in negative and cognitive symptom domains. With theories conceptualising hypodopaminergic activity as underlying these deficits, considerable effort is focused on drug strategies that will enhance dopamine activity. Finally, a small body of research is investigating dopaminergic compounds vis-a-vis side-effect treatments. In domains beyond psychosis, however, dopamine arguably is not seen as so central, reflected in considerable research following other lines of investigation.

CpG islands or CpG clusters: how to identify functional GC-rich regions in a genome?

Background: CpG islands (CGIs), clusters of CpG dinucleotides in GC-rich regions, are often located in the 5' end of genes and considered gene markers. Hackenberg et al. ( 2006) recently developed a new algorithm, CpGcluster, which uses a completely diffe

Complying with the NIH Public Access Policy - Copyright Considerations and Options

On January 11, 2008, the National Institutes of Health ('NIH') adopted a revised Public Access Policy for peer-reviewed journal articles reporting research supported in whole or in part by NIH funds. Under the revised policy, the grantee shall ensure that a copy of the author's final manuscript, including any revisions made during the peer review process, be electronically submitted to the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central ('PMC') archive and that the person submitting the manuscript will designate a time not later than 12 months after publication at which NIH may make the full text of the manuscript publicly accessible in PMC. NIH adopted this policy to implement a new statutory requirement under which: The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication: Provided, That the NIH shall implement the public access policy in a manner consistent with copyright law. This White Paper is written primarily for policymaking staff in universities and other institutional recipients of NIH support responsible for ensuring compliance with the Public Access Policy. The January 11, 2008, Public Access Policy imposes two new compliance mandates. First, the grantee must ensure proper manuscript submission. The version of the article to be submitted is the final version over which the author has control, which must include all revisions made after peer review. The statutory command directs that the manuscript be submitted to PMC 'upon acceptance for publication.' That is, the author's final manuscript should be submitted to PMC at the same time that it is sent to the publisher for final formatting and copy editing. Proper submission is a two-stage process. The electronic manuscript must first be submitted through a process that requires input of additional information concerning the article, the author(s), and the nature of NIH support for the research reported. NIH then formats the manuscript into a uniform, XML-based format used for PMC versions of articles. In the second stage of the submission process, NIH sends a notice to the Principal Investigator requesting that the PMC-formatted version be reviewed and approved. Only after such approval has grantee's manuscript submission obligation been satisfied. Second, the grantee also has a distinct obligation to grant NIH copyright permission to make the manuscript publicly accessible through PMC not later than 12 months after the date of publication. This obligation is connected to manuscript submission because the author, or the person submitting the manuscript on the author's behalf, must have the necessary rights under copyright at the time of submission to give NIH the copyright permission it requires. This White Paper explains and analyzes only the scope of the grantee's copyright-related obligations under the revised Public Access Policy and suggests six options for compliance with that aspect of the grantee's obligation. Time is of the essence for NIH grantees. As a practical matter, the grantee should have a compliance process in place no later than April 7, 2008. More specifically, the new Public Access Policy applies to any article accepted for publication on or after April 7, 2008 if the article arose under (1) an NIH Grant or Cooperative Agreement active in Fiscal Year 2008, (2) direct funding from an NIH Contract signed after April 7, 2008, (3) direct funding from the NIH Intramural Program, or (4) from an NIH employee. In addition, effective May 25, 2008, anyone submitting an application, proposal or progress report to the NIH must include the PMC reference number when citing articles arising from their NIH funded research. (This includes applications submitted to the NIH for the May 25, 2008 and subsequent due dates.) Conceptually, the compliance challenge that the Public Access Policy poses for grantees is easily described. The grantee must depend to some extent upon the author(s) to take the necessary actions to ensure that the grantee is in compliance with the Public Access Policy because the electronic manuscripts and the copyrights in those manuscripts are initially under the control of the author(s). As a result, any compliance option will require an explicit understanding between the author(s) and the grantee about how the manuscript and the copyright in the manuscript are managed. It is useful to conceptually keep separate the grantee's manuscript submission obligation from its copyright permission obligation because the compliance personnel concerned with manuscript management may differ from those responsible for overseeing the author's copyright management. With respect to copyright management, the grantee has the following six options: (1) rely on authors to manage copyright but also to request or to require that these authors take responsibility for amending publication agreements that call for transfer of too many rights to enable the author to grant NIH permission to make the manuscript publicly accessible ('the Public Access License'); (2) take a more active role in assisting authors in negotiating the scope of any copyright transfer to a publisher by (a) providing advice to authors concerning their negotiations or (b) by acting as the author's agent in such negotiations; (3) enter into a side agreement with NIH-funded authors that grants a non-exclusive copyright license to the grantee sufficient to grant NIH the Public Access License; (4) enter into a side agreement with NIH-funded authors that grants a non-exclusive copyright license to the grantee sufficient to grant NIH the Public Access License and also grants a license to the grantee to make certain uses of the article, including posting a copy in the grantee's publicly accessible digital archive or repository and authorizing the article to be used in connection with teaching by university faculty; (5) negotiate a more systematic and comprehensive agreement with the biomedical publishers to ensure either that the publisher has a binding obligation to submit the manuscript and to grant NIH permission to make the manuscript publicly accessible or that the author retains sufficient rights to do so; or (6) instruct NIH-funded authors to submit manuscripts only to journals with binding deposit agreements with NIH or to journals whose copyright agreements permit authors to retain sufficient rights to authorize NIH to make manuscripts publicly accessible.

Visible Volume: a Robust Measure for Protein Structure Characterization

We propose a new characterization of protein structure based on the natural tetrahedral geometry of the β carbon and a new geometric measure of structural similarity, called visible volume. In our model, the side-chains are replaced by an ideal tetrahedron, the orientation of which is fixed with respect to the backbone and corresponds to the preferred rotamer directions. Visible volume is a measure of the non-occluded empty space surrounding each residue position after the side-chains have been removed. It is a robust, parameter-free, locally-computed quantity that accounts for many of the spatial constraints that are of relevance to the corresponding position in the native structure. When computing visible volume, we ignore the nature of both the residue observed at each site and the ones surrounding it. We focus instead on the space that, together, these residues could occupy. By doing so, we are able to quantify a new kind of invariance beyond the apparent variations in protein families, namely, the conservation of the physical space available at structurally equivalent positions for side-chain packing. Corresponding positions in native structures are likely to be of interest in protein structure prediction, protein design, and homology modeling. Visible volume is related to the degree of exposure of a residue position and to the actual rotamers in native proteins. In this article, we discuss the properties of this new measure, namely, its robustness with respect to both crystallographic uncertainties and naturally occurring variations in atomic coordinates, and the remarkable fact that it is essentially independent of the choice of the parameters used in calculating it. We also show how visible volume can be used to align protein structures, to identify structurally equivalent positions that are conserved in a family of proteins, and to single out positions in a protein that are likely to be of biological interest. These properties qualify visible volume as a powerful tool in a variety of applications, from the detailed analysis of protein structure to homology modeling, protein structural alignment, and the definition of better scoring functions for threading purposes.

Sensibilidad del cuestionario anamnésico de síntomas de miembro superior y columna desarrollado por la unidad de investigación de ergonómica de postura y movimiento (EPM) desde la perspectiva de la fisioterapia en Colombia

El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del Cuestionario Anamnésico de Síntomas de Miembro Superior y Columna (CASMSC) desarrollado por la Unidad de Investigación de Ergonomía de Postura y Movimiento (EPM). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo correlacional, mediante el análisis de datos secundarios de una base de datos con registros de trabajadores de la industria de alimentos (n=401) en el año 2013, a quienes se les había aplicado el CASMSC, así como una evaluación clínica fisioterapéutica enfocada en los mismos segmentos corporales; esta última utilizada como prueba de oro. Para analizar si existían diferencias estadísticas por edad, antigüedad y género se aplicó el análisis de varianza de una vía. La sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos del CASMSC se informan con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza (95%). La prevalencia de umbral positivo para sospecha de Desorden Músculo Esquelético (DME) tanto de miembro superior como de columna se encontró muy por encima de la media nacional para el sector. La sensibilidad del CASMSC para miembro superior estuvo en el rango de un 80% a 94,57% y para columna cervical y lumbar fue de 36,4% y 43,4%, respectivamente. Para la región dorsal fue casi del doble de las otras dos regiones (85,7%). El CASMSC es recomendable en su apartado para miembro superior dado a su alto nivel de sensibilidad.

När hjärtat sviktar : Information och undervisning med hjälp av sjuksköterskan

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att ta reda på hur information och undervisning kan utformas och vara ett bra sätt att förbättra den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten hos patienter med hjärtsvikt. Femton vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut genom fulltextdatabasen United States National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE) och Högskolan Dalarnas sökmotor Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN). Sökorden som användes var heart failure, quality of life, information/education och nursing i olika kombinationer. Artiklarna som valdes ut granskades med hjälp av modifierade granskningsmallar för att säkerställa att dom var av så hög kvalite som möjligt. Fysisk funktionell förmåga och kunskap om sjukdomen har betydelse för patientens upplevelse av sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet. Flera av artiklarna i litteraturstudien visar att sjuksköterskeinriktad patientutbildning är effektivt för att förbättra livskvaliteten och den hjälper patienterna att se sina symtom och främjar egenvård. Utbildningen innefattar ofta information om att förändra sin livsstil, fysisk aktivitet, daglig vägning, diet och läkemedelsdosering samt information och undervisning till både patienter och anhöriga om hjärtsvikt och dess symtom. Familj och vänner är ofta ett stort stöd för patienter med hjärtsvikt. Studier visar dock att de ofta har de begränsade kunskaper om vad hjärtsvikt är och hur behandlingen ser ut. De övergripande resultaten av litteraturstudien visar på att databaserad utbildning ger ökad kunskap om hjärtsvikt i jämförelse med sedvanlig utbildning.

Omvårdnadsbehov hospatienter med diabetesmellitus typ 2 : En systematisk litteraturstudie

Föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudie syftade till att klarlägga vilka omvårdnadsbehov som föreligger hos patienter med typ 2-diabetes. Sammanlagt 15 vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut via sökmotorn Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN), databasen Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) samt sökmotorn och databasen för medicinska artiklar som drivs av United States National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE), för vidare granskning. Sökorden type 2 diabetes AND quality of life AND nurs* användes. Alla titlar lästes, om titeln verkade relevant för forskningsområdet lästes även abstraktet. Kvalitetsgranskning av artiklarna genomfördes efter granskningsmallar med 28 bedömningskriterier. Omvårdnadsbehoven hos patienter med typ 2-diabetes som framkom vid artikel granskningen evidensgraderades på basen av kvalitetsgranskningen med hjälp av graderingsskala. Resultatet visade att hjälp till förbättrad egenvård, önskan om utökad utbildning, information och kunskap, socialt stöd och kontinuerlig vårdkontakt var de omvårdnadsbehov som studien fann evidens för. Omvårdnadsbehov hos patienter med typ 2-diabetes som framkom var kända sedan tidigare men föreliggande studie säkrade evidensen för dessa. Resultatet diskuterades utifrån Virginia Hendersons omvårdnadsteori där omvårdnaden måste ha en utgångspunkt i individens egna upplevelser av sina behov och hur dessa behov på bästa sätt kan tillfredsställas. Med hjälp av studiens resultat sammanlänkat med Virginia Hendersons teori om individens omvårdnadsbehov kan sjuksköterskan få en bättre bild av vilka behov som föreligger hos patienter med typ 2-diabetes för att bevara deras livskvalité.

A sífilis na gestação e sua influência na morbimortalidade materno-infantil

Syphilis in pregnancy is a public health problem, responsible for the high intrauterine mortality rates. This article aims to present a review of historical and epidemiological aspects, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, the treatment of maternal and congenital syphilis, and its perinatal repercussions. The manuscript also describes the Brazilian main policies in public health care for pregnant women with syphilis and for congenital syphilis eradication. The set of words used were “congenital syphilis”, “syphilis in pregnancy” and “syphilis prenatal care”. The databases searched were PubMed (National Library of Medicine - USA), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences), PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), IBECS, and WHOLIS Cochrane Library, from 1980 to 2011. Fifty-six articles were included in this review, 18 institutional technical manuals, two textbooks and 36 articles relating to maternal and congenital syphilis. The present review showed that there is a gap between intention and action needed to control and eradicate the disease especially with regard to the expansion of access, not only in relation to the number of visits recommended male gender, it is important to assess the quality of their content as well as the actions to be carried out between appointments.