Folkloristit Argentiinan pampalla : ISFNR Interim Conference "Folk Narrative and Society" Santa Rosa, Argentina 20.-22.9.2007

Ajankohtaista

Narrative discourse in interviews to linguistically mixed couples

This article deals with self-referential storytelling in sociolinguistic interviews. It analyzes the personal stories in ten interviews to linguistically heterogeneous couples. For this purpose, it is applied the model of linguistic analysis of drama (Bruner & Weisser 1991) and it identifies and interprets discursive markers of autobiographical storytelling. Therefore it takes into consideration the elements referred to agents and to their actions, to the sequences of events, to the canon or rule, and to the narrator's perspective. At the same time, it proposes to extend our approach to the existence itself of the participants. Resumen.-"Discurso narrativo en entrevistas a parejas lingüísticamente mixtas". Este artículo trata de las narraciones autorreferenciales en entrevistas sociolingüísticas sobre concepciones y usos de las lenguas en familias lingüísticamente mixtas. Analiza los relatos que aparecen en diez entrevistas a padres y madres que forman parejas lingüísticamente heterogéneas. Aplica el modelo de análisis lingüístico del dramatismo (Bruner & Weisser 1991). Identifica e interpreta los marcadores discursivos de la narración autobiográfica. Con este propósito considera los constituyentes que se refieren a los agentes y sus acciones, a las secuencias de sucesos, al canon o norma y a la perspectiva del narrador. Y propone la ampliación del estudio a los guiones de vida de lo actores. Palabras clave: entrevista, relato, narración, pareja, política lingüística de la familia, multilingüismo, marcador discursivo.

Standard care practices and psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing parental distress following stillbirth: A systematic narrative review

Objective: To summarise and critically evaluate the evidence informing the provision of standard care practices and psychosocial interventions following stillbirth. Background: Stillbirth is increasingly recognised as a significant bereavement experience with the potential to cause substantial psychological distress for parents. Standard care practices and psychosocial interventions to support parents have undergone dramatic changes, with limited basis in evidence. Methods: A systematic narrative review was conducted of quantitative studies examining interventions designed to reduce psychological distress in parents following the loss of a stillborn baby. Results: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Substantial methodological weaknesses were identified among reviewed studies, including small and heterogeneous loss samples, weak study designs and lack of clarity in reported methods and outcomes. Inadequate replication of many findings substantially limits the generalisability of the evidence. Conclusion: Tentative evidence was found for the provision of mementoes of the baby and information regarding the cause of the loss, support group attendance, and cognitive behavioural interventions for parents identified with clinical levels of distress. Contradictory findings for the impact of contact with the baby prevent the formation of clear conclusions for this practice. Due to the methodological weaknesses prevalent in the research identified, the current evidence base is not considered sufficiently able to reliably inform care practices and intervention approaches. High-quality research evidence in this field is urgently required.

The economic cost of hospital malnutrition in Europe; a narrative review

Background: Malnutrition among hospitalized patients increases length of stay (LOS) and carries extra hospitalization costs. Objective: To review the impact of malnutrition on hospital LOS and costs in Europe. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar search. All articles from January 2004 until November 2014 were identified. Reference lists of relevant articles were also manually searched. Results: Ten studies on LOS and nine studies on costs were reviewed. The methods used to assess malnutrition and to calculate costs differed considerably between studies. Malnutrition led to an increased LOS ranging from 2.4 to 7.2 days. Among hospitalized patients, malnutrition led to an additional individual cost ranging between 1640 V and 5829 V. At the national level, the costs of malnutrition ranged between 32.8 million V and 1.2 billion V. Expressed as percentage of national health expenditures, the values ranged between 2.1% and 10%. Conclusions: In Europe, malnutrition leads to an increase in LOS and in hospital costs, both at the individual and the national level. Standardization of methods and results reported is needed to adequately compare results between countries. © 2015 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Eletty paikka esityksessä

Opinnäytetyössäni tutkin kahta paikkakohtaista (site-specific) esitystä Siurunmaa ja Kökar. Molemmat teokset ammensivat materiaalinsa esityspaikoistaan. Työssäni kysyn miten esityspaikat toimivat esitysten lähtökohtina ja materiaalina, ja minkälaisessa suhteessa esitykset ja esityspaikat olivat toisiinsa nähden. Työni teoreettinen viitekehys tulee paikkakohtaisen teatterin ja esitystaiteen tutkimuksesta. Paikkakohtainen esitys kiinnittää huomion paikkaan, jossa se tapahtuu. Keskeisenä ajatuksena työssäni on se, miten ihminen on ympäristössä ja havaitsee ympäristöään kokonaisvaltaisen kehollisesti. Näitä kehollisia kokemuksia ihminen jäsentää kulttuuristen narratiivien kautta ja rakentaa identiteettiään kertomalla niistä. Työssäni avaan esitysten teon prosesseja ja sitä, mitä materiaalia paikoista syntyi. Sekä Siurunmaassa että Kökarissa paikan kokemisen narratiivit muodostivat olennaisen osan esitystä. Esitysten ja esityspaikkojen suhdetta hahmotan paikan performatiivisuuden kautta. Arkinen tila esityspaikkana sisältää jo itsessään merkityksiä: käyttötarkoituksen, tarinoita, ehdotuksen katsojien ja esiintyjien paikoista jne. Esityksen elementit voivat tukea näitä merkityksiä tai olla ristiriidassa niiden kanssa. Siurunmaa ja Kökar asettuivat suurelta osin yhdenmukaiseen suhteeseen esityspaikkojensa kanssa, mutta sisälsivät myös joitakin ristiriitaisia elementtejä. Työni lopuksi tarkastelen todellisuuden ja fiktion suhdetta Siurunmaassa ja Kökarissa. Paikkakohtaisessa esityksessä faktan ja fiktion, todellisen ja rakennetun välinen jännite on aina läsnä. Esityksen illuusiovaikutus on vahva, mutta arkinen paikka ja esiintyjän keho voivat konkreettisesti aistittavissa olevina vastustaa illuusiota.

La construcción narrativa de la identidad en un contexto educativo intercultural = The narrative construction of identity in a intercultural educative setting

En este trabajo se expone e ilustra un modelo teórico para entender las funciones de la identidad, así como los mecanismospsicosociales asociados a su construcción: “Modelo Evolutivo y Funcional de la Identidad Mediada” (MEBIM). La identidad, mediada narrativamente, cumple una función personal orientada a la dirección de la propia vida, así como una función sociocultural vinculada a la búsqueda de reconocimiento de los derechos de los grupos sociales a los que uno se siente apegado. Se ilustran los factores asociados a la construcción de la identidad personal (sí mismos posibles, transiciones vitales, vínculo afectivo) y sociocultural (acción-transformación e identificación simbólica) a partir de 12 historias de vida realizadas con mestizos e indígenasde la Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas (México). Se sugiere que en contextos educativos formales, como la escuela o la Universidad, se deben propiciar narrativas personales y socioculturales con el objetivo de optimizar la identidad en un mundo a la vez globalizado y plural

Ruokalistoja : Restaurant du Grand Theatre d'Helsingfors

Diner 17.11.1877

Poetikk og politikk : Augusto Boal og de undertryktes teater Poetics and Politics

Poetics and Politics. AugustoBoal and the Theatre of the Oppressed deals with the ideas and methods of the Brazilian author, director and theatre theorist Augusto Boal. The main purpose of the thesis is to give a description of what can be characterized as the poetics of Augusto Boal. What is the specific nature of his theatre methods and in what way do they differ from traditional theatre? How do these methods actually work? What is the overall intention of the Theatre of the Oppressed? As objects for my research I have selected Forum Theatre and Rainbow of Desire. The reason for this choice is partly that the two methods mentioned have become the most widespread among Boal's theatre forms, partly that they complement each other, the former being a method that works with problems of the material world, in realistic action-based narratives; the latter being an expressionistic analytical method, designed to deal with psychological problems and internalized oppression. Going from a micro- to a macro-level, I first examine the theatrical text of both forms, which in this case includes not only the verbal narrative, but also the performance itself and the setting of it, and even the implied conditions of the whole theatrical situation. Secondly, I turn to the encounter between the text and its actual recipient in the theatrical space. What happens, psychologically, when the observing, but passive spectator is turned into the actor of the play? Thirdly, I discuss the ideological and political implications of the Theatre ofthe Oppressed in real life. The way I interpret Boal's poetics, this is of vital importance. The purpose of the Theatre of the Oppressed is not anything resembling l'art pour l'art. In the contrary, its intention is to teach the oppressed the use of theatre as a martial art, so that they can fight and break the oppression in a social context of the real world. Thus the title Poetics and Politics.

Reagan's mythical America : towards a narrative theory of prophetic politics

Lectio praecursoria Tampereen yliopistossa 17.8.2010.

Reflexive model of research-based theatre – processing innovation at the crossroads of theatre, reflection and practice-based innovation activities

Contemporary organisations have to embrace the notion of doing ‘more with less’. This challenges knowledge production within companies and public organisations, forcing them to reorganise their structures and rethink what knowledge production actually means in the context of innovation and how knowledge is actually produced among various professional groups within the organisation in their everyday actions. Innovations are vital for organisational survival, and ‘ordinary’ employees and customers are central but too-often ignored producers of knowledge for contemporary organisations. Broader levels of participation and reflexive practices are needed. This dissertation discusses the missing links between innovation research conducted in the context of industrial management, arts, and culture; applied drama and theatre practices (specifically post-Boalian approaches); and learning – especially organising reflection – in organisational settings. This dissertation (1) explores and extends the role of research-based theatre to organising reflection and reflexive practices in the context of practice-based innovation, (2) develops a reflexive model of RBT for investigating and developing practice-based organisational process innovations in order to contribute to the development of a tool for innovation management and analysis, and (3) operationalises this model within private- and publicsector organisations. The proposed novel reflexive model of research-based theatre for investigating and developing practice-based organisational process innovations extends existing methods and offers a different way of organising reflection and reflexive practices in the context of general innovation management. The model was developed through five participatory action research processes conducted in four different organisations. The results provide learning steps – a reflection path – for understanding complex organisational life, people, and relations amid renewal and change actions. The proposed model provides a new approach to organising and cultivating reflexivity in practice-based innovation activities via research-based theatre. The results can be utilised as a guideline when processing practice-based innovation within private or public organisations. The model helps innovation managers to construct, together with their employees, temporary communities where they can learn together through reflecting on their own and each others’ experiences and to break down assumptions related to their own perspectives. The results include recommendations for practical development steps applicable in various organisations with regard to (i) application of research-based theatre and (ii) related general innovation management. The dissertation thus contributes to the development of novel learning approaches in knowledge production. Keywords: practice-based innovation, research-based theatre, learning, reflection, mode 2b knowledge production

Perspectives on narrative discourse markers : focus on Old English þa

Ett element som har intresserat forskarna av fornengelska sedan början av filologiska studier är adverbet þa ’då’, som är högfrekvent i många berättande texter. Utöver ordföjldsregeln enligt vilken satsinitialt þa följs av omvänd ordföljd, finns det redan tidigt kommentarer om användningen av þa för emfas, livlighet och konnektivitet. Även om sådana karakteriseringar tar den textuella kontexten i beaktande, är deras fokus inte på diskursfunktioner utan på satsgrammatik. Denna avhandling betraktar användningen av þa från diskursstrukturens perspektiv och undersöker dess funktioner i markeringen av berättelsens huvudlinje (eng. grounding), kohesiva kontinuiter (eng. continuities), samt vändpunkter och spänning (eng. peak, tension) i texten. I stället för att fokusera på bara en funktion som har associerats med þa, undersöks denna frekventa element från olika perspektiv. Genom både kvantitativa och kvalitativa analyser av narrativt material, visar de inkluderade delstudierna att detta ord spelar en viktig roll i struktureringen av fornengelska berättelser. Parallellt med kärnfunktionen att markera berättelsens huvudlinje, används þa i samspel med andra strukturerande element för att uttrycka den hierarkiska strukturen och spänning i berättelsen. Jämförelser med andra uttryck av temporal kontinuitet visar att þa skiljer sig från dem i sina användningsmönster, vilket vidare bekräftar dess status som en narrativ diskursmarkör.