Low Bone Mass In Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Climacteric Women Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Prevalence And Associated Factors.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients; however, data on associated factors remain unclear, specifically in middle-aged women. This study aims to evaluate factors associated with low BMD in HIV-positive women. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to 206 HIV-positive women aged 40 to 60 years who were receiving outpatient care. Clinical features, laboratory test results, and BMD were assessed. Yates and Pearson χ(2) tests and Poisson multiple regression analysis were performed. The median age of women was 47.7 years; 75% had nadir CD4 T-cell counts higher than 200, and 77.8% had viral loads below the detection limit. There was no association between low BMD at the proximal femur and lumbar spine (L1-L4) and risk factors associated with HIV infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Poisson multiple regression analysis showed that the only factor associated with low BMD at the proximal femur and lumbar spine was postmenopause status. Low BMD is present in more than one third of this population sample, in which most women are using highly active antiretroviral therapy and have a well-controlled disease. The main associated factor is related to estrogen deprivation. The present data support periodic BMD assessments in HIV-infected patients and highlight the need to implement comprehensive menopausal care for these women to prevent bone loss.

A Metabolomic Protocol For Plant Systematics By Matrix-assisted Laser-desorption/ionization Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely used for the identification and classification of microorganisms based on their proteomic fingerprints. However, the use of MALDI-TOF MS in plant research has been very limited. In the present study, a first protocol is proposed for metabolic fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF MS using three different MALDI matrices with subsequent multivariate data analysis by in-house algorithms implemented in the R environment for the taxonomic classification of plants from different genera, families and orders. By merging the data acquired with different matrices, different ionization modes and using careful algorithms and parameter selection, we demonstrate that a close taxonomic classification can be achieved based on plant metabolic fingerprints, with 92% similarity to the taxonomic classifications found in literature. The present work therefore highlights the great potential of applying MALDI-TOF MS for the taxonomic classification of plants and, furthermore, provides a preliminary foundation for future research.

37-year-old Female With Intraventricular Mass.

25

In Vitro Evaluation Of Sun Protection Factor And Stability Of Commercial Sunscreens Using Mass Spectrometry.

Sunlight exposure causes several types of injury to humans, especially on the skin; among the most common harmful effects due to ultraviolet (UV) exposure are erythema, pigmentation and lesions in DNA, which may lead to cancer. These long-term effects are minimized with the use of sunscreens, a class of cosmetic products that contains UV filters as the main component in the formulation; such molecules can absorb, reflect or diffuse UV rays, and can be used alone or as a combination to broaden the protection on different wavelengths. Currently, worldwide regulatory agencies define which ingredients and what quantities must be used in each country, and enforce companies to conduct tests that confirm the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and the UVA (Ultraviolet A) factor. Standard SPF determination tests are currently conducted in vivo, using human subjects. In an industrial mindset, apart from economic and ethical reasons, the introduction of an in vitro method emerges as an interesting alternative by reducing risks associated to UV exposure on tests, as well as providing assertive analytical results. The present work aims to describe a novel methodology for SPF determination directly from sunscreen formulations using the previously described cosmetomics platform and mass spectrometry as the analytical methods of choice.

Partial-hepatectomized (70%) Model Shows A Correlation Between Hepatocyte Growth Factor Levels And Beta-cell Mass.

6

Profile Of Phenolic Compounds Of Brazilian Virgin Olive Oils By Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography Coupled To Electrospray Ionisation Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (rrlc-esi-tof-ms).

In recent years, agronomical researchers began to cultivate several olive varieties in different regions of Brazil to produce virgin olive oil (VOO). Because there has been no reported data regarding the phenolic profile of the first Brazilian VOO, the aim of this work was to determine phenolic contents of these samples using rapid-resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. 25 VOO samples from Arbequina, Koroneiki, Arbosana, Grappolo, Manzanilla, Coratina, Frantoio and MGS Mariense varieties from three different Brazilian states and two crops were analysed. It was possible to quantify 19 phenolic compounds belonging to different classes. The results indicated that Brazilian VOOs have high total phenolic content because the values were comparable with those from high-quality VOOs produced in other countries. VOOs from Coratina, Arbosana and Grappolo presented the highest total phenolic content. These data will be useful in the development and improvement of Brazilian VOO.

Desidratação osmótica de abacaxi aplicada à tecnologia de métodos combinados

The aim of this research was to optimize osmotic dehydration of pineapple, according to two criteria: maximize water loss and minimize solid gain. The process was made as an application to Combined Methods Technology, in which three preservation factors were combined: water activity, pH and chemical preservatives, all being applied at low levels, in order to get a product resembling non-processed fruit. The experiment was divided into three treatments, being: non-coated pineapple pieces (A), pieces coated with alginate (B) and coated with low-methoxyl pectin (C). Process involved the following main steps: enzymatic inactivation of fruit pieces; in treatments B and C, incorporation of their respective coatings; and osmotic dehydration, in sucrose syrup containing potassium sorbate and citric acid. Optimum conditions, determined from Response Surface Methodology, were the following: dehydration of fruit pieces coated by alginate, at 42-47° C, in sucrose syrup at 66-69° Brix, for 220 to 270 minutes. Results indicated that both coatings significantly affected the mass transfers of the process, reducing solid incorporation and increasing water loss; therefore, increasing weight loss and performance ratio (water loss: solid incorporation) took place. Water activity was not significantly affected by the coatings. The product obtained under optimum conditions was submitted to sensorial evaluation, and presented a good general acceptance. Moulds and yeasts countings indicated good microbiological stability of the product for at least 60 days at 30ºC.

Indicadores dermatoglificos de aptidão fisica e efeito dos treinamentos intervalado versus continuo na pratica da corrida em piscina funda : intervenção com mulheres obesas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Mass loss of four commercially available heat-polymerized acrylic resins after toothbrushing with three different dentifrices

The association between a toothbrush and a dentifrice is the most used denture cleaning method. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasiveness of specific and non-specific denture cleaning dentifrices on different heat-polymerized acrylic resins. Sixteen specimens (90x30x3mm) of each acrylic resin (QC-20, Lucitone 550, Clássico, Vipi-Cril) were prepared and randomly assigned to 4 groups: 1: control (distilled water), 2: Colgate, 3: Bonyplus and 4: Dentu-Creme. The specimens were subjected to simulated toothbrushing in an automatic brushing machine using 35,600 brush strokes for each specimen. Brushing abrasion run at a 200-g load with the specimens immersed in 2:1 dentifrice/water slurry. Specimens were reconditioned to constant mass and the mass loss (mg) was evaluated. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a=0.05). Analysis of dentifrices' abrasive particles was made by scanning electron microscopy. Colgate produced the greatest mass reduction (42.44 mg, p<0.05), followed by Dentu-Creme (33.60 mg). Bonyplus was the less abrasive (19.91 mg), similar to the control group (19.69 mg) (p>0.05). The mass loss values indicated that QC-20 (33.13 mg) and Lucitone 550 (33.05 mg) resins were less (p<0.05) resistant to abrasion than Clássico (26.04 mg) and Vipi-Cril (23.43 mg). In conclusion, Colgate produced the greatest abrasion. Specific dentifrices for dentures tend to cause less damage to acrylic resins.

Association of polymorphisms at the ADIPOR1 regulatory region with type 2 diabetes and body mass index in a Brazilian population with European or African ancestry

Association studies between ADIPOR1 genetic variants and predisposition to type 2 diabetes (DM2) have provided contradictory results. We determined if two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP c.-8503G>A and SNP c.10225C>G) in regulatory regions of ADIPOR1 in 567 Brazilian individuals of European (EA; N = 443) or African (AfA; N = 124) ancestry from rural (quilombo remnants; N = 439) and urban (N = 567) areas. We detected a significant effect of ethnicity on the distribution of the allelic frequencies of both SNPs in these populations (EA: -8503A = 0.27; AfA: -8503A = 0.16; P = 0.001 and EA: 10225G = 0.35; AfA: 10225G = 0.51; P < 0.001). Neither of the polymorphisms were associated with DM2 in the case-control study in EA (SNP c.-8503G>A: DM2 group -8503A = 0.26; control group -8503A = 0.30; P = 0.14/SNP 10225C>G: DM2 group 10225G = 0.37; control group 10225G = 0.32; P = 0.40) and AfA populations (SNP c.-8503G>A: DM2 group -8503A = 0.16; control group -8503A = 0.15; P = 0.34/SNP 10225C>G: DM2 group 10225G = 0.51; control group 10225G = 0.52; P = 0.50). Similarly, none of the polymorphisms were associated with metabolic/anthropometric risk factors for DM2 in any of the three populations, except for HDL cholesterol, which was significantly higher in AfA heterozygotes (GC = 53.75 ± 17.26 mg/dL) than in homozygotes. We conclude that ADIPOR1 polymorphisms are unlikely to be major risk factors for DM2 or for metabolic/anthropometric measurements that represent risk factors for DM2 in populations of European and African ancestries.

Medidas murinométricas e eficiência alimentar em ratos provenientes de ninhadas reduzidas na lactação e submetidos ou não ao exercício de natação

INTRODUÇÃO: Excesso de alimentação no início da vida pode modificar persistentemente consumo e peso corporal. Adoção de exercício físico é uma estratégia útil para evitar excessivo ganho de peso. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o crescimento corporal e a eficiência alimentar em ratos provenientes de ninhada reduzida no aleitamento. MÉTODOS: Ao terceiro dia de vida, ninhadas foram formadas com quatro (GN4) ou 10 animais (GN10), (n = 25). Ao desmame, ratos machos Wistar permaneceram em gaiolas individuais, e, aos 60 (± 2) dias foram subdivididos em sedentários (SED) e exercitados (NAT), formando quatro grupos: GN4SED, GN10SED, GN4-NAT e GN10NAT. Avaliou-se o peso, ganho de peso e taxa específica de ganho de peso, gordura epididimal, índices de massa corporal e Lee, consumo e eficiência alimentar, glicemia e lactemia. RESULTADOS: Aos 21 dias, o GN4 apresentava peso corporal 52% acima do GN10 (P = 0,001). Contudo, aos 30 e 60 dias os pesos não diferiram. Ao final do período, GN10NAT demonstrou menor peso (356,82 ± 23,04) que GN10SED (409,28 ± 17,30). Mas GN4NAT possuía maior peso (417,85 ± 37,91) que GN4SED (413,69 ± 57,45) e GN10NAT. O GN4 exibiu elevada taxa de ganho de peso na lactação, mas, redução da mesma pós-desmame. Independente do tamanho da ninhada, a taxa de ganho de peso reduz com o aumento da idade. Ao final do período, glicemia, gordura epididimal total e relativa, e os índices de Lee e IMC não diferiram entre os grupos. Os valores de lactato antes e após o exercício condizem com esforço de intensidade moderada. Na periadolescência, GN4 apresentou menor ingestão de alimentos, mas sem diferenças na vida adulta. CONCLUSÃO: A redução da ninhada no aleitamento não alterou o peso corporal ou ingestão alimentar persistentemente. Entretanto, o protocolo de natação foi eficaz em reduzir o ganho de peso em animais controles, mas não naqueles de ninhada reduzida.

Study of C- and O-glycosylflavones in sugarcane extracts using liquid chromatography: exact mass measurement mass spectrometry

The flavonoids present in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and a study of the fragmentation patterns of selected flavonoids was conducted using orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-oa-ToF MS). Seven C- and O-glycosylflavones were identified in the extracts, namely, schaftoside, isoschaftoside, luteolin-8-C-(rhamnosylglucoside), vitexin, orientin, tricin-7-O-neohesperidoside and tricin-7-O-glucoside. Of these, five were identified in the absence of direct comparison with their respective standards. The described method also permitted the differentiation of the 6-C and 8-C isomeric flavones, schaftoside and isoschaftoside. The combination of fragmentation data and exact mass measurement showed to be complimentary to the HPLC-UV-MS techniques previously utilized for isomers discrimination in sugarcane studies.

Avaliação do hiperinsulinismo em amostra de crianças pré-puberes

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a relação entre o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) e a insulinemia. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo observacional prospectivo transversal com 132 crianças pré-púberes em idade escolar e residentes no município de Santo André (SP). Fez-se a avaliação antropométrica e a mensuração da glicemia, da insulinemia e do índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Dentre as 132 crianças avaliadas, 78 eram meninas (59,1%) e 54 eram meninos (40,9%), com média de idade de 8,7 anos e média de IMC de 13,7 kg/m². Observou-se uma associação significativa e positiva entre HOMA-IR e IMC, insulina e IMC, peso e HOMA e entre insulina e peso; também foi constatado que, quanto maior for o IMC, maior será o valor de HOMA. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do presente estudo permitem concluir que há uma forte associação entre o hiperinsulinismo e a obesidade, devendo ser tomadas algumas medidas para evitar o ganho de peso durante a infância e a adolescência.

Aumento do índice de massa corporal após os 20 anos de idade e associação com indicadores de risco ou de proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis

OBJETIVO: Investigar fatores sociodemográficos, de risco ou de proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) que se associem ao aumento do índice de massa corporal (IMC) após os 20 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 769 mulheres e 572 homens do Sistema Municipal de Monitoramento de Fatores de Risco para DCNT, 2005, Florianópolis, SC. O aumento do IMC foi definido em percentagem, pela diferença entre o IMC em 2005 e aos 20 anos. RESULTADOS: Desde os 20 anos, o aumento do IMC foi superior a 10% para a maioria dos indivíduos. Nas análises múltiplas, o aumento do IMC foi associado a aumento da idade, baixo nível educacional (mulheres), ser casado (homens), não trabalhar, baixo nível de percepção de saúde, pressão alta, colesterol/triglicerídeos elevados (homens), realização de dieta, sedentarismo e ex-tabagismo (mulheres). CONCLUSÕES: Estratégias de saúde para prevenir o ganho de peso em nível populacional devem considerar principalmente os fatores sociodemográficos.

Influência do consumo alimentar na gestação sobre a retenção de peso pós-parto

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da alimentação durante a gestação sobre a retenção de peso pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhadas 82 gestantes adultas e saudáveis que iniciaram o pré-natal em serviço público de saúde no Município de São Paulo, SP, entre abril e junho de 2005. As medidas de peso e estatura foram aferidas na primeira entrevista (até 16 semanas de gestação) e a medida de peso foi repetida em visita domiciliar 15 dias após o parto. O Recordatório de 24 horas foi usado para avaliar o consumo alimentar e foi aplicado nos três trimestres da gestação. Foi calculado o consumo médio de gordura saturada, fibras, açúcar adicionado, refrigerantes, alimentos processados, frutas, verduras e legumes, e a densidade energética da dieta. A retenção de peso foi obtida pela diferença entre a medida de peso pós-parto e a primeira medida realizada. A influência da alimentação sobre a retenção de peso pós-parto foi avaliada por meio de análise de regressão linear múltipla e foi realizado o teste para tendência linear. As variáveis utilizadas para ajuste do modelo foram: índice de massa corporal no início da gestação, estatura, renda familiar per capita, tabagismo, idade e escolaridade. RESULTADOS: O índice de massa corporal inicial médio foi de 24 kg/m² e a retenção média de peso foi de 1,9 kg. O aumento do consumo de gordura saturada (p = 0,005) e alimentos processados (p = 0,014) elevou de forma significativa a retenção de peso pós-parto, após ajuste pelas variáveis de controle. As demais variáveis de consumo alimentar não apresentaram relação significativa com a variável desfecho. CONCLUSÕES: O maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis, como alimentos processados, e de gordura saturada influencia a elevação da retenção de peso pós-parto.