Influence of heartwood on pulp properties explained by machine learning techniques

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JAABA: interactive machine learning for automatic annotation of animal behavior

We present a machine learning-based system for automatically computing interpretable, quantitative measures of animal behavior. Through our interactive system, users encode their intuition about behavior by annotating a small set of video frames. These manual labels are converted into classifiers that can automatically annotate behaviors in screen-scale data sets. Our general-purpose system can create a variety of accurate individual and social behavior classifiers for different organisms, including mice and adult and larval Drosophila.

A machine learning approach to intraday trading on foreign exchange markets

Foreign Exchange trading has emerged in recent times as a significant activity in many countries. As with most forms of trading, the activity is influenced by many random parameters so that the creation of a system that effectively emulates the trading process will be very helpful. In this paper we try to create such a system using Machine learning approach to emulate trader behaviour on the Foreign Exchange market and to find the most profitable trading strategy.

Visual data mining: integrating machine learning with information visualization

Today, the data available to tackle many scientific challenges is vast in quantity and diverse in nature. The exploration of heterogeneous information spaces requires suitable mining algorithms as well as effective visual interfaces. Most existing systems concentrate either on mining algorithms or on visualization techniques. Though visual methods developed in information visualization have been helpful, for improved understanding of a complex large high-dimensional dataset, there is a need for an effective projection of such a dataset onto a lower-dimension (2D or 3D) manifold. This paper introduces a flexible visual data mining framework which combines advanced projection algorithms developed in the machine learning domain and visual techniques developed in the information visualization domain. The framework follows Shneiderman’s mantra to provide an effective user interface. The advantage of such an interface is that the user is directly involved in the data mining process. We integrate principled projection methods, such as Generative Topographic Mapping (GTM) and Hierarchical GTM (HGTM), with powerful visual techniques, such as magnification factors, directional curvatures, parallel coordinates, billboarding, and user interaction facilities, to provide an integrated visual data mining framework. Results on a real life high-dimensional dataset from the chemoinformatics domain are also reported and discussed. Projection results of GTM are analytically compared with the projection results from other traditional projection methods, and it is also shown that the HGTM algorithm provides additional value for large datasets. The computational complexity of these algorithms is discussed to demonstrate their suitability for the visual data mining framework.

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A Taxonomy of Big Data for Optimal Predictive Machine Learning and Data Mining

Big data comes in various ways, types, shapes, forms and sizes. Indeed, almost all areas of science, technology, medicine, public health, economics, business, linguistics and social science are bombarded by ever increasing flows of data begging to be analyzed efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we propose a rough idea of a possible taxonomy of big data, along with some of the most commonly used tools for handling each particular category of bigness. The dimensionality p of the input space and the sample size n are usually the main ingredients in the characterization of data bigness. The specific statistical machine learning technique used to handle a particular big data set will depend on which category it falls in within the bigness taxonomy. Large p small n data sets for instance require a different set of tools from the large n small p variety. Among other tools, we discuss Preprocessing, Standardization, Imputation, Projection, Regularization, Penalization, Compression, Reduction, Selection, Kernelization, Hybridization, Parallelization, Aggregation, Randomization, Replication, Sequentialization. Indeed, it is important to emphasize right away that the so-called no free lunch theorem applies here, in the sense that there is no universally superior method that outperforms all other methods on all categories of bigness. It is also important to stress the fact that simplicity in the sense of Ockham’s razor non-plurality principle of parsimony tends to reign supreme when it comes to massive data. We conclude with a comparison of the predictive performance of some of the most commonly used methods on a few data sets.

Machine learning for large-scale wearable sensor data in Parkinson disease:concepts, promises, pitfalls, and futures

For the treatment and monitoring of Parkinson's disease (PD) to be scientific, a key requirement is that measurement of disease stages and severity is quantitative, reliable, and repeatable. The last 50 years in PD research have been dominated by qualitative, subjective ratings obtained by human interpretation of the presentation of disease signs and symptoms at clinical visits. More recently, “wearable,” sensor-based, quantitative, objective, and easy-to-use systems for quantifying PD signs for large numbers of participants over extended durations have been developed. This technology has the potential to significantly improve both clinical diagnosis and management in PD and the conduct of clinical studies. However, the large-scale, high-dimensional character of the data captured by these wearable sensors requires sophisticated signal processing and machine-learning algorithms to transform it into scientifically and clinically meaningful information. Such algorithms that “learn” from data have shown remarkable success in making accurate predictions for complex problems in which human skill has been required to date, but they are challenging to evaluate and apply without a basic understanding of the underlying logic on which they are based. This article contains a nontechnical tutorial review of relevant machine-learning algorithms, also describing their limitations and how these can be overcome. It discusses implications of this technology and a practical road map for realizing the full potential of this technology in PD research and practice. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Document understanding using data mining and machine learning techniques

With the explosive growth of the volume and complexity of document data (e.g., news, blogs, web pages), it has become a necessity to semantically understand documents and deliver meaningful information to users. Areas dealing with these problems are crossing data mining, information retrieval, and machine learning. For example, document clustering and summarization are two fundamental techniques for understanding document data and have attracted much attention in recent years. Given a collection of documents, document clustering aims to partition them into different groups to provide efficient document browsing and navigation mechanisms. One unrevealed area in document clustering is that how to generate meaningful interpretation for the each document cluster resulted from the clustering process. Document summarization is another effective technique for document understanding, which generates a summary by selecting sentences that deliver the major or topic-relevant information in the original documents. How to improve the automatic summarization performance and apply it to newly emerging problems are two valuable research directions. To assist people to capture the semantics of documents effectively and efficiently, the dissertation focuses on developing effective data mining and machine learning algorithms and systems for (1) integrating document clustering and summarization to obtain meaningful document clusters with summarized interpretation, (2) improving document summarization performance and building document understanding systems to solve real-world applications, and (3) summarizing the differences and evolution of multiple document sources.

Gamification e Machine Learning per migliorare l’esperienza di guida e diminuire i consumi in un veicolo elettrico

Questo progetto di tesi è parte di un programma più ampio chiamato TIME (Tecnologia Integrata per Mobilità Elettrica) sviluppato tra diversi gruppi di ricerca afferenti al settore meccanico, termofluidodinamico e informatico. TIME si pone l'obiettivo di migliorare la qualità dei componenti di un sistema powertrain presenti oggi sul mercato progettando un sistema general purpose adatto ad essere installato su veicoli di prima fornitura ma soprattutto su retrofit, quindi permettendo il ricondizionamento di veicoli con motore a combustione esistenti ma troppo datati. Lo studio svolto si pone l'obiettivo di identificare tutti gli aspetti di innovazione tecnologica che possono essere installati all'interno del sistema di interazione uomo-macchina. All'interno di questo progetto sarà effettuata una pianificazione di tutto il lavoro del gruppo di ricerca CIRI-ICT, partendo dallo studio normativo ed ergonomico delle interfacce dei veicoli analizzando tutti gli elementi di innovazione che potranno far parte del sistema TIME e quindi programmare tutte le attività previste al fine di raggiungere gli obiettivi prefissati, documentando opportunamente tutto il processo. Nello specifico saranno analizzate e definite le tecniche da utilizzare per poi procedere alla progettazione e implementazione di un primo sistema sperimentale di Machine Learning e Gamification con lo scopo di predire lo stato della batteria in base allo stile di guida dell'utente e incentivare quest'ultimo tramite sistemi di Gamification installati sul cruscotto ad una guida più consapevole dei consumi. Questo sistema sarà testato su dati simulati con l'obiettivo di avere un prodotto configurabile da installare sul veicolo.

Riconoscimento real-time di gesture tramite tecniche di machine learning

Il riconoscimento delle gesture è un tema di ricerca che sta acquisendo sempre più popolarità, specialmente negli ultimi anni, grazie ai progressi tecnologici dei dispositivi embedded e dei sensori. Lo scopo di questa tesi è quello di utilizzare alcune tecniche di machine learning per realizzare un sistema in grado di riconoscere e classificare in tempo reale i gesti delle mani, a partire dai segnali mioelettrici (EMG) prodotti dai muscoli. Inoltre, per consentire il riconoscimento di movimenti spaziali complessi, verranno elaborati anche segnali di tipo inerziale, provenienti da una Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) provvista di accelerometro, giroscopio e magnetometro. La prima parte della tesi, oltre ad offrire una panoramica sui dispositivi wearable e sui sensori, si occuperà di analizzare alcune tecniche per la classificazione di sequenze temporali, evidenziandone vantaggi e svantaggi. In particolare, verranno considerati approcci basati su Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), e reti neurali ricorrenti (RNN) di tipo Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), che rappresentano una delle ultime evoluzioni nel campo del deep learning. La seconda parte, invece, riguarderà il progetto vero e proprio. Verrà impiegato il dispositivo wearable Myo di Thalmic Labs come caso di studio, e saranno applicate nel dettaglio le tecniche basate su DTW e HMM per progettare e realizzare un framework in grado di eseguire il riconoscimento real-time di gesture. Il capitolo finale mostrerà i risultati ottenuti (fornendo anche un confronto tra le tecniche analizzate), sia per la classificazione di gesture isolate che per il riconoscimento in tempo reale.