997 resultados para Leonel Duarte Ferreira (1894-1959)
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OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores epidemiolgicos e sociodemogrficos associados sade de idosos com ou sem plano de sade. MTODOS: Foram realizadas entrevistas com 2.143 pessoas de 60 anos e mais, no municpio de So Paulo, em 2000 e 2006. A varivel dependente, dicotmica, foi ter ou no plano de sade. As variveis independentes abrangeram caractersticas sociodemogrficas e de condio de sade. Foram descritas as propores encontradas para as variveis analisadas e desenvolvido modelo de regresso logstica que considerou significantes as variveis com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Houve diferenas, favorveis aos titulares de planos, para renda e escolaridade. O grupo sem planos privados realizou menos preveno contra neoplasias e mais contra doenas respiratrias; esperou mais para ter acesso a consultas de sade; realizou menos exames ps-consulta; referiu menor nmero de doenas; teve maior proporo de avaliao negativa da prpria sade e relatou mais episdios de queda. Os titulares de planos relataram menor adeso vacinao e, dentre os que foram internados, 11,1% em 2000 e 17,9% em 2006 tiveram esse procedimento custeado pelo Sistema nico de Sade. A nica doena associada condio de titular de plano privado foi a osteoporose. CONCLUSES: H diferenas representadas pela renda e pela escolaridade favorveis aos titulares de planos e seguros privados, as quais esto relacionadas com o uso de servios e com os determinantes sociais de sade.
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Tese de doutoramento
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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obteno do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Civil na rea de Especializao de Edificaes
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Antologia biogrfica e de memrias, este livro rene o testemunho de amigos, companheiros de luta acadmica, cmplices do exilio genebrino, polticos, que recordam Jos Medeiros Ferreira pela sua interveno cvica e empenhamento na causa pblica.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze gender differences in the incidence and determinants of disability regarding instrumental activities of daily living among older adults. METHODS The data were extracted from the Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE – Health, Wellbeing and Ageing) study. In 2000, 1,034 older adults without difficulty in regarding instrumental activities of daily living were selected. The following characteristics were evaluated at the baseline: sociodemographic and behavioral variables, health status, falls, fractures, hospitalizations, depressive symptoms, cognition, strength, mobility, balance and perception of vision and hearing. Instrumental activities of daily living such as shopping and managing own money and medication, using transportation and using the telephone were reassessed in 2006, with incident cases of disability considered as the outcome. RESULTS The incidence density of disability in instrumental activities of daily living was 44.7/1,000 person/years for women and 25.2/1,000 person/years for men. The incidence rate ratio between women and men was 1.77 (95%CI 1.75;1.80). After controlling for socioeconomic status and clinical conditions, the incidence rate ratio was 1.81 (95%CI 1.77;1.84), demonstrating that women with chronic disease and greater social vulnerability have a greater incidence density of disability in instrumental activities of daily living. The following were determinants of the incidence of disability: age ≥ 80 and worse perception of hearing in both genders; stroke in men; and being aged 70 to 79 in women. Better cognitive performance was a protective factor in both genders and better balance was a protective factor in women. CONCLUSIONS The higher incidence density of disability in older women remained even after controlling for adverse social and clinical conditions. In addition to age, poorer cognitive performance and conditions that adversely affect communication disable both genders. Acute events, such as a stroke, disables elderly men more, whereas early deficits regarding balance disable women more.
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Dissertao apresentada na Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obteno do grau de Mestre em Ordenamento do Territrio e Planeamento Ambiental
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OBJECTIVE To validate a screening instrument using self-reported assessment of frailty syndrome in older adults.METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the Sade, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento study conducted in Sao Paulo, SP, Southeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 433 older adult individuals (≥ 75 years) assessed in 2009. The self-reported instrument can be applied to older adults or their proxy respondents and consists of dichotomous questions directly related to each component of the frailty phenotype, which is considered the gold standard model: unintentional weight loss, fatigue, low physical activity, decreased physical strength, and decreased walking speed. The same classification proposed in the phenotype was utilized: not frail (no component identified); pre-frail (presence of one or two components), and frail (presence of three or more components). Because this is a screening instrument, “process of frailty” was included as a category (pre-frail and frail). Cronbach’s α was used in psychometric analysis to evaluate the reliability and validity of the criterion, the sensitivity, the specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values. Factor analysis was used to assess the suitability of the proposed number of components.RESULTS Decreased walking speed and decreased physical strength showed good internal consistency (α = 0.77 and 0.72, respectively); however, low physical activity was less satisfactory (α = 0.63). The sensitivity and specificity for identifying pre-frail individuals were 89.7% and 24.3%, respectively, while those for identifying frail individuals were 63.2% and 71.6%, respectively. In addition, 89.7% of the individuals from both the evaluations were identified in the “process of frailty” category.CONCLUSIONS The self-reported assessment of frailty can identify the syndrome among older adults and can be used as a screening tool. Its advantages include simplicity, rapidity, low cost, and ability to be used by different professionals.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE : To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire for Compliance with Standard Precaution for nurses. METHODS : This methodological study was conducted with 121 nurses from health care facilities in Sao Paulo's countryside, who were represented by two high-complexity and by three average-complexity health care facilities. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha and stability was calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient, through test-retest. Convergent, discriminant, and known-groups construct validity techniques were conducted. RESULTS : The questionnaire was found to be reliable (Cronbach's alpha: 0.80; intraclass correlation coefficient: (0.97) In regards to the convergent and discriminant construct validity, strong correlation was found between compliance to standard precautions, the perception of a safe environment, and the smaller perception of obstacles to follow such precautions (r = 0.614 and r = 0.537, respectively). The nurses who were trained on the standard precautions and worked on the health care facilities of higher complexity were shown to comply more (p = 0.028 and p = 0.006, respectively). CONCLUSIONS : The Brazilian version of the Questionnaire for Compliance with Standard Precaution was shown to be valid and reliable. Further investigation must be conducted with nurse samples that are more representative of the Brazilian reality. The use of the questionnaire may support the creation of educational measures considering the possible gaps that can be identified, focusing on the workers' health and on the patients' safety.
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We consider a dynamical model of cancer growth including three interacting cell populations of tumor cells, healthy host cells and immune effector cells. For certain parameter choice, the dynamical system displays chaotic motion and by decreasing the response of the immune system to the tumor cells, a boundary crisis leading to transient chaotic dynamics is observed. This means that the system behaves chaotically for a finite amount of time until the unavoidable extinction of the healthy and immune cell populations occurs. Our main goal here is to apply a control method to avoid extinction. For that purpose, we apply the partial control method, which aims to control transient chaotic dynamics in the presence of external disturbances. As a result, we have succeeded to avoid the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells and the extinction of healthy tissue. The possibility of using this method compared to the frequently used therapies is discussed. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Nos ltimos anos comearam a ser vulgares os computadores dotados de multiprocessadores e multi-cores. De modo a aproveitar eficientemente as novas caractersticas desse hardware comearam a surgir ferramentas para facilitar o desenvolvimento de software paralelo, atravs de linguagens e frameworks, adaptadas a diferentes linguagens. Com a grande difuso de redes de alta velocidade, tal como Gigabit Ethernet e a ltima gerao de redes Wi-Fi, abre-se a oportunidade de, alm de paralelizar o processamento entre processadores e cores, poder em simultneo paraleliz-lo entre mquinas diferentes. Ao modelo que permite paralelizar processamento localmente e em simultneo distribu-lo para mquinas que tambm tm capacidade de o paralelizar, chamou-se modelo paralelo distribudo. Nesta dissertao foram analisadas tcnicas e ferramentas utilizadas para fazer programao paralela e o trabalho que est feito dentro da rea de programao paralela e distribuda. Tendo estes dois factores em considerao foi proposta uma framework que tenta aplicar a simplicidade da programao paralela ao conceito paralelo distribudo. A proposta baseia-se na disponibilizao de uma framework em Java com uma interface de programao simples, de fcil aprendizagem e legibilidade que, de forma transparente, capaz de paralelizar e distribuir o processamento. Apesar de simples, existiu um esforo para a tornar configurvel de forma a adaptar-se ao mximo de situaes possvel. Nesta dissertao sero exploradas especialmente as questes relativas execuo e distribuio de trabalho, e a forma como o cdigo enviado de forma automtica pela rede, para outros ns cooperantes, evitando assim a instalao manual das aplicaes em todos os ns da rede. Para confirmar a validade deste conceito e das ideias defendidas nesta dissertao foi implementada esta framework qual se chamou DPF4j (Distributed Parallel Framework for JAVA) e foram feitos testes e retiradas mtricas para verificar a existncia de ganhos de performance em relao s solues j existentes.
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This work is a contribution to the e-Framework, arguably the most prominent e-learning framework today, and consists of the definition of a service for the automatic evaluation of programming exercises. This evaluation domain differs from trivial evaluations modelled by languages such as the IMS Question & Test Interoperability (QTI) specification. Complex evaluation domains justify the development of specialized evaluators that participate in several business processes. These business processes can combine other type of systems such as Programming Contest Management Systems, Learning Management Systems, Integrated Development Environments and Learning Object Repositories where programming exercises are stored as Learning Objects. This contribution describes the implementation approaches used, more precisely, behaviours & requests, use & interactions, applicable standards, interface definition and usage scenarios.
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The e-Framework is arguably the most prominent e-learning framework currently in use. For this reason it was selected as basis for modelling a programming exercises evaluation service. The purpose of this type of evaluator is to mark and grade exercises in computer programming courses and in programming contests. By exposing its functions as services a programming exercise evaluator is able to participate in business processes integrating different system types, such as Programming Contest Management Systems, Learning Management Systems, Integrated Development Environments and Learning Object Repositories. This paper formalizes the approaches to be used in the implementation of a programming exercise evaluator as a service on the e-Framework.
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Cultura Moderna e Contempornea, n.2
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Trabalho de projeto apresentado Escola Superior de Comunicao Social como parte dos requisitos para obteno de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimdia.
