Polydimethylsiloxane: a new contrast material for localization of occult breast lesions

Background. The radioguided localization of occult breast lesions (ROLL) technique often utilizes iodinated radiographic contrast to assure that the local injection of (99m)Tc-MAA corresponds to the location of the lesion under investigation. However, for this application, this contrast has several shortcomings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, effectiveness and technical feasibility of the use of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as radiological contrast and tissue marker in ROLL. Materials and methods. The safety assessment was performed by the acute toxicity study in Wistar rats (n = 50). The radiological analysis of breast tissue (n = 32) from patients undergoing reductive mammoplasty was used to verify the effectiveness of PDMS as contrast media. The technical feasibility was evaluated through the scintigraphic and histologic analysis. Results. We found no toxic effects of PDMS for this use during the observational period. It has been demonstrated in human breast tissue that the average diameter of the tissue marked by PDMS was lower than when marked by the contrast medium (p <0.001). PDMS did not interfere with the scintigraphic uptake (p = 0.528) and there was no injury in histological processing of samples. Conclusions. This study demonstrated not only the superiority of PDMS as radiological contrast in relation to the iodinated contrast, but also the technical feasibility for the same applicability in the ROLL.

Lentiviral vector-mediated tyro sinase-related protein 2 gene transfer to dendritic cells for the therapy of melanoma

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which play a vital role in primary immune responses. Introducing genes into DCs will allow constitutive expression of the encoded proteins and thus prolong the presentation of the antigens derived therefrom. In addition, multiple and unidentified epitopes encoded by the entire tumor-associated antigen (TAA) gene may enhance T cell activation. This study demonstrated that an HIV-1-based lentiviral vector conferred efficient gene transfer to DCs. The transgene, murine tyrosinase-related protein 2 (mTRP-2), encodes a clinically relevant melanoma-associated antigen (MAA), which has been found to be a tumor rejection antigen for B16 melanoma. The transfer and proper processing of mTRP-2 in DCs, in terms of RNA transcription activity and protein expression, were verified by RT-PCR and specific antibody, respectively. Administration of mTRP-2 gene-modified DCs (DC-HR'CmT2) to C57BL/6 mice evoked strong protection against tumor challenge, for which the presence of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells during both the priming and challenge phase was essential. In a therapy model, our results showed that four of seven mice with preestablished tumor remained tumor free for 80 days after therapeutic vaccination. Given the results shown in this study, mTRP-2 gene transfer to DCs provides a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of melanoma, especially in the early stage of the disease.

Rapid increases in cytokinin concentration in lateral buds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) during release of apical dominance

We examined the role of cytokinins (CKs) in release of apical dominance in lateral buds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Shoot decapitation or application of CKs (benzyladenine, zeatin or dihydrozeatin) stimulated rapid bud growth. Time-lapse video recording revealed growth initiation within 2 h of application of 200 pmol benzyladenine or within 3 h of decapitation. Endogenous CK content in buds changed little in the first 2 h after shoot decapitation, but significantly increased by 6 h, somewhat later than the initiation of bud growth. The main elevated CK was zeatin riboside, whose content per bud increased 7-fold by 6 h and 25-fold by 24 h. Lesser changes were found in amounts of zeatin and isopentenyl adenine CKs. We have yet to distinguish whether these CKs are imported from the roots via the xylem stream or are synthesised in situ in the buds, but CKs may be part of an endogenous signal involved in lateral bud growth stimulation following shoot decapitation. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed report of CK levels in buds themselves during release of apical dominance.

The chemistry and biological effects of malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts

This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were Geoffrey M. Thiele and Simon Worrall. The presentations were (1) The chemistry of malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducts, by Dean J. Tuma; (2) The formation and clearance of MAA adducts in ethanol-fed rats, by Simon Worrall; (3) Immune responses to MAA adducts may play a role in the development of alcoholic liver disease, by Lynell W. Klassen; (4) Unique biological responses to MAA-modifled proteins that may play a role in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease, by Geoffrey M. Thiele; (5) MAA-adducted bovine serum albumin activates protein kinase C and stimulates interleukin-8 release in bovine bronchial epithelial cells, by Todd A. Wyatt; and (6) An enzyme immune assay for serum antiacetaldehyde adduct antibody using low-density lipoprotein-adduct and its significance in alcoholic liver injury and ALDH2 heterozygotes, by Naruhiko Nagata.

Elucidation of reaction scheme describing malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-protein adduct formation

Malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde react together with proteins and form hybrid protein conjugates designated as MAA adducts, which have been detected in livers of ethanol-fed animals. Our previous studies have shown that MAA adducts are comprised of two distinct products. One adduct is composed of two molecules of malondialdehyde and one molecule of acetaldehyde and was identified as the 4-methpl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehyde derivative of an amino group (MHHDC adduct). The other adduct is a 1:1 adduct of malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde and was identified as the 2-formyl-3-(alkylamino)butanal derivative of an amino group (FAAB adduct). In this study, information on the mechanism of MAA adduct formation was obtained, focusing on whether the FAAB adduct serves as a precursor for the MDHDC adduct. Upon the basis of chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy, two initial reaction steps appear to be a prerequisite for MDHDC formation. One step involves the reaction of one molecule of malondialdehyde and one of acetaldehyde with an amino group of a protein to form the FAAB product, while the other step involves the generation of a malondialdehyde-enamine. It appears that generation of the MDHDC adduct requires the FAAB moiety to be transferred to the nitrogen of the MDA-enamine. For efficient reaction of FAAB with the enamine to take place, additional experiments indicated that these two intermediates likely must be in positions on the protein of close proximity to each other. Further studies showed that the incubation of liver proteins from ethanol-fed rats with MDA resulted in a marked generation of MDHDC adducts, indicating the presence of a pool of FAAB adducts in the liver of ethanol-fed animals. Overall, these findings show that MDHDC-protein adduct formation occurs via the reaction of the FAAB moiety with a malondialdehyde-enamine, and further suggest that a similar mechanism may be operative in vivo in the liver during prolonged ethanol consumption.

Mortalidade materna em cidade de médio porte, Brasil, 1997

OBJETIVO: A real magnitude do problema das mortes maternas em Uberlândia, MG, Brasil, é pouco conhecida, sendo que o objetivo do estudo é conhecer o perfil da mortalidade materna desse município. MÉTODO: Utilizaram-se, como fonte de dados, as declarações de óbito de mulheres falecidas entre 10 e 49 anos de idade, residentes no município de Uberlândia, MG. Entrevistaram-se as famílias dessas mulheres para identificar o estado gestacional no momento do óbito. As mortes caracterizadas como maternas foram investigadas nos serviços de saúde, em prontuários e em entrevistas médicas. Foram analisados os óbitos maternos ocorridos até um ano após o término da gestação, considerando-se: pré-natal, período gestacional, tipo de parto, complicações em gestações anteriores, causa básica da morte, local de ocorrência e possibilidade de se evitar o óbito. Calcularam-se os coeficientes de mortalidade materna (CMM) por 100.000 nascidos vivos. RESULTADOS: Do total de 204 óbitos, analisaram-se 173 de residentes no município. Ocorreram 6 mortes maternas, sendo 4 (66,7%) até 42 dias após o parto e 2 (33,3%) de 43 dias a 1 ano; 5 (83,3%) foram devidas a causas obstétricas diretas (toxemia- 60% e hemorragia - 40%) e 1 (16,7%), indireta (cardiopatia). O CMM a partir das mortes maternas declaradas foi de 22,2 e o corrigido elevou-se para 66,6. CONCLUSÕES: O CMM encontrado está acima do aceitável. Faz-se necessária uma análise acurada da qualidade do pré-natal e do parto, bem como do registro das declarações de óbito.

Biocompatibilidade de resinas acrílicas para base e reembasamento de próteses após períodos de imersão em soluções desinfetantes: análise do metabolismo celular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Novel potentiometric sensors of molecular imprinted polymers for specific binding of chlormequat

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) were used as potentiometric sensors for the selective recognition and determination of chlormequat (CMQ). They were produced after radical polymerization of 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP) or methacrylic acid (MAA) monomers in the presence of a cross-linker. CMQwas used as template. Similar nonimprinted (NI) polymers (NIP) were produced by removing the template from reaction media. The effect of kind and amount of MIP or NIP sensors on the potentiometric behavior was investigated. Main analytical features were evaluated in steady and flow modes of operation. The sensor MIP/4-VP exhibited the best performance, presenting fast near-Nernstian response for CMQover the concentration range 6.2×10-6 – 1.0×10-2 mol L-1 with detection limits of 4.1×10-6 mol L-1. The sensor was independent from the pH of test solutions in the range 5 – 10. Potentiometric selectivity coefficients of the proposed sensors were evaluated over several inorganic and organic cations. Results pointed out a good selectivity to CMQ. The sensor was applied to the potentiometric determination of CMQin commercial phytopharmaceuticals and spiked water samples. Recoveries ranged 96 to 108.5%.

New molecularly-imprinted polymer for carnitine and its application as ionophore in potentiometric selective membranes

Carnitine (CRT) is a biological metabolite found in urine that contributes in assessingseveral disease conditions, including cancer. Novel quick screening procedures for CRT are therefore fundamental. This work proposes a novel potentiometric device where molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were used as ionophores. The host-tailored sites were imprinted on a polymeric network assembled by radical polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) and trimethylpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM). Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were produced as control by removing the template from the reaction media. The selective membrane was prepared by dispersing MIP or NIP particles in plasticizer and poly(vinyl chloride), PVC, and casting this mixture over a solid contact support made of graphite. The composition of the selective membrane was investigated with regard to kind/amount of sensory material (MIP or NIP), and the need for a lipophilic additive. Overall, MIP sensors with additive exhibited the best performance, with near-Nernstian response down to ~ 1 × 10− 4 mol L− 1, at pH 5, and a detection limitof ~ 8 × 10− 5 mol L− 1. Suitable selectivity was found for all membranes, assessed by the matched potential method against some of the most common species in urine (urea, sodium, creatinine, sulfate, fructose and hemoglobin). CRT selective membranes including MIP materials were applied successfully to the potentiometric determination of CRT in urine samples.

Biomimetic Sensor Potentiometric System for Doxycycline Antibiotic Using a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer as an Artificial Recognition Element

Molecular imprinting is a useful technique for the preparation of functional materials with molecular recognition properties. A Biomimetic Sensor Potentiometric System was developed for assessment of doxycycline (DOX) antibiotic. The molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by using doxycycline as a template molecule, methacrylic acid (MAA) and/or acrylamide (AA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylat (EGDMA) as a cross-linking agent. The sensing elements were fabricated by the inclusion of DOX imprinted polymers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. The sensors showed a high selectivity and a sensitive response to the template in aqueous system. Electrochemical evaluation of these sensors under static (batch) mode of operation reveals near-Nernstian response. MIP/MAA membrane sensor was incorporated in flow-through cells and used as detectors for flow injection analysis (FIA) of DOX. The method has the requisite accuracy, sensitivity and precision to assay DOX in tablets and biological fluids.

Ultra-high resolution imaging of the functional anatomy and plasticity of the human hippocampal-entorhinal circuitry

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Naturwiss., Diss., 2015

Efeito comparativo do calor, S0(2) e ácido ascórbico na atividade da polifenol oxidase e peroxidase de algumas frutas e hortaliças

O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar o efeito do calor, do SO2 e do ácido ascorbico, visando determinar qual o método mais eficiente para controlar o escurecimento enzímico de cada uma das frutas e hortaliças estudadas. Os resultados mostraram que para a banana, pêssego, maça, cenoura, couve-flor e palmito, o calor foi o melhor agente inativador do sistema enzímico responsável pelo escurecimento. O SO2 foi mais eficiente para a pera, e para o figo e batata, o melhor agente inibidor foi o ácido ascórbico.

Catàleg de gossos : J2EE

En aquest TFC s'ha realitzat una aplicació J2EE simple, a mode d'exemple. Concretaments¿ha realitzat el típic "Catàleg de gossos" que és l'"Hola món" de les aplicacions J2EE.

Sanoin kuvaamaton : teatterintekijän pohdintoja intuitiosta

This thesis examines the concept of intuition from different aspects. The basis for this thesis has been the author`s experience about education as a supportive process for intuitive thinking. It studies what taking advantage of intuition means for the author of this thesis and how intuition can be defined as a concept. This thesis shows what intuition means both from the performer`s and the director`s point of view. The author attemps to explain how these two areas of her professional identity either support or prevent intuitive creativity from emerging successfully. The intuition of a performer is examined through playback theatre and the insight associated with playback theatre. Regarding the work of a director, the author describes the making of a walking tour performance called "Sama maa" (2006) that she directed. The author attempted to fully utelize her intuitive creativity while planning the performance. The intuitive choices of the author were the basis for planning and carrying out the performance. This thesis studies a concept that is very challenging to explain in words. There is not a lot of literature about concept of intuition with respect to theater. The author of the thesis has ended up thinging about guestion that is very important to her, a guestion about relationship between controlled and authentic mental processing. The author also engourages others to think about the meaning of intuition and insight to themselves as a part of a daily life and as a part of the artistic creativity.

Luontoleikkien mahdollisuudet lasten toimintaterapiassa

Opinnäytetyöni tarkoituksena on selvittää, miten luontoleikkejä on mahdollista soveltaa lasten toimintaterapiaan. Käsitän työssä ihmisen ja ympäristön kuuluvan kiinteästi toisiinsa. Tämän vuoksi toimintaa, tässä yhteydessä luontoleikkiä, ei voi ymmärtää ellei ota yksilön ja hänen ympäristönsä vuorovaikutuksellisia tekijöitä huomioon. Tämän vuoksi selvitän opinnäytetyössäni myös luontoympäristön sekä luonnonmateriaalien sovellutusmahdollisuuksia toimintaterapiassa. Opinnäytetyön teoriaa on ohjannut toimintaterapiaan sovellettu ekologinen viitekehys yhdessä ekoterapeuttisten ajatusmallien sekä ympäristöön liittyvien tutkimustulosten kanssa. Toiminnallinen opinnäytetyöni sisältää erillisen, ihmisiltä keräämäni luontoleikkivihkon, jota voi käyttää soveltaen toimintaterapiaan. Vihkosta löytyy yli 50 erilaista luontoleikkiä, jotka ovat olleet vastaajille jollakin tapaa merkityksellisiä. Vihkosta löytyy luonnon eri elementtejä sisältäviä leikkejä: maa-, vesi-, eläin-, metsä-, puu- ja kasvistoleikkejä. Näiden elementtien käyttömahdollisuudet ja ominaisuudet tulevat esille opinnäytetyön eri vaiheissa. Yhteys työelämään näkyy toimintaterapeutti yksityisyrittäjä Riika Östbergin soveltaessa leikkivihkon leikkejä kahden lapsen toimintaterapiaprosessiin. Toimintaterapeutin tekemät jäsennellyt havainnot ja niistä tekemäni johtopäätökset, tukevat työhön kokoamaani teoriaa. Tuloksien perusteella luontoleikkejä, luontoympäristöä ja luonnonmateriaaleja on mahdollista käyttää ennakkosuunnitelmien avulla lasten toimintaterapiassa. Toimintaterapeutti voi ohjata myös lapsen tukiverkostoa huomaamaan, kuinka luontoleikkitoiminta on terveyttä ja hyvinvointia edistävä, ekologinen sekä taloudellinen vaihtoehto lapsen toiminnan ja toimintakyvyn edistämiseksi. Luontoympäristössä lapsen on mahdollista harjoitella luovasti samoja taitoja kuin muutenkin toimintaterapiassa. Toivon, että opinnäytetyö saa lukijat miettimään omaa paikkaansa omassa ympäristössään. Tarkoituksenani on kannustaa ihmisiä käyttämään luontoa lapsen kasvun ja kehityksen tukena. Luontoteema on jo pelkän ajankohtaisuutensa ja monipuolisuutensa vuoksi hyvä tutkimuksen aihe. Tätä opinnäytetyötä voisi lähteä luontevasti jatkamaan haastattelemalla lapsia, perehtyen heidän omakohtaisiin luontoleikkikokemuksiinsa.