A Avaliação da aprendizagem na imprensa cabo-verdiana (1914/1916)

O sistema escolar cabo-verdiano estruturou-se num contexto de dependência e submissão política (enquanto colónia portuguesa) e congregou a sociedade das ilhas – professores, pais, cidadãos, intelectuais, homens de opinião e de poder. Sendo a imprensa “um lugar estratégico de constituição do discurso (…) e um ponto de convergência de uma multiplicidade de falas” (Imbert, 1982: 362), é uma das fontes privilegiadas para a história do ensino em Cabo Verde. As manifestações internas da cultura escolar integravam, além das representações e práticas educativas, o currículo e a avaliação da aprendizagem. A avaliação sempre esteve presente no quotidiano escolar, “pois permite conhecer a situação do educando nas diversas fases da sua evolução cognitiva e fundamentar juízos de valor decisivos não só para a melhoria da sua aprendizagem como também para a valorização das experiências educativas futuras” (Valadares & Graça, 1998: 12).

Patient versus general practitioner perception of problems with treatment adherence in type 2 diabetes: from adherence to concordance.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of problems with treatment adherence among type-2 diabetic patients with regards to medication, dietary advice, and physical activity; to identify the associated clinical and psychosocial factors; and to investigate the degree of agreement between patient-perceived and GP-perceived adherence. METHODS: Consecutive patients were solicited during visits to 39 GPs. In total, 521 patients self-reported on treatment adherence, anxiety and depression, and disease perception. The GPs reported clinical and laboratory data and patients' adherence. A multivariate analysis identified the factors associated with adherence problems. RESULTS: Problems of adherence to medication, dietary advice, and physical activity recommendations were reported by 17%, 62%, and 47% of the patients, respectively. Six independent factors were found associated with adherence problems: young age, body-mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m(2), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) > 8%, single life, depression, and perception of medication as a constraint. Agreement between patients' and GPs' assessments of treatment problems reached 70%. CONCLUSION: In type 2 diabetes, problems with dietary advice or physical activity are far more frequent than problems with medication, and not all physicians are fully aware of patients' problems. More active listening and shared decision-making should enhance adherence and improve outcomes.

[Illustrations de Discours sur les monuments publics] / J. Molinos, J.G. Legrand, dess. ; Poulleau, grav. ; Armand-Guy-Simon de Coetnempren, Comte de Kersaint, aut. du texte

Comprend : [ Planche 1 ] Pritanée de la 1ère classe. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par J. Molinos et Le Grand. Gravée par Poulleau. 1791. [ Cote : BNF C 103551. ] ; [ Planche 2. ] Pritanée de 2ème classe. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par J. Molinos et Le Grand, gravée par Poulleau, 1791. [ Cote : BNF C 103552. ] ; [ Planche 3. ] Printanée de la 3ème classe. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par J. Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103553. ] ; [ Planche 4. ] Projet de pritanée à élever sur les ruines de la Bastille. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par J. Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103554. ] ; [ Planche 5. ] Projet d'une salle pour l'Assemblée Nationale dans les nouvelles constructions destinées à la Madeleine de la Ville l'Evêque. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par J. Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. [ Cote ; [ Planche 6. ] Elévation du Palais National. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Le Grand et J.Molinos, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103556. ] ; [ Planche 7. ] Plan général du Palais National. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Molinos et Le GRand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103557. ] ; [ Planche 8. ] Coupe de la longueur du Palais National. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Molinos et Le Grand. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103558. ] ; [ Planche 9. ] Projet du Cirque National. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103559. ] ; [ Planche 10. ] Projet du Museum, [ ancien Palais du Louvre. Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103560. ] ; [ Planche 11. ] Distribution du Louvre pour l'Institut National. [ Monument public républicain. XVIIIè siècle.] Dessinée par Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. Gravée par Poulleau. [ Cote : BNF C 103561. ] ; [ Planche 12. ] Plan général du Louvre et des Tuileries [ vers 1791. ] Dessinée par Molinos et Le Grand, 1791. [ Cote : BNF C 103562. ]

[Illustrations de Le Diable boiteux.] / Magdeleine Horthemels, grav. ; Alain-René Lesage, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Frontispice et page de titre :] El Diablo Voivelo. Le Diable boiteux. [Cote : microfilm R1493]

Low predictive value of elevated blood pressure during childhood and adolescence

Background: Screening of elevated blood pressure (BP) in children has been advocated to early identify hypertension. However, identification of children with sustained elevated BP is challenging due to the high BP variability. The value of an elevated BP measure during childhood and adolescence for the prediction of future elevated BP is not well described. Objectives: We assessed the positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive value of high BP for sustained elevated BP in cohorts of children of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing island state in the African region. Methods: Serial school-based surveys of weight, height, and BP were conducted yearly between 1998-2006 among all students of the country in four school grades (kindergarten [G0, mean age (SD): 5.5 (0.4) yr], G4 [9.2 (0.4) yr], G7 [12.5 (0.4) yr] and G10 (15.6 (0.5) yr]. We constituted three cohorts of children examined twice at 3-4 years interval: 4,557 children examined at G0 and G4, 6,198 at G4 and G7, and 6,094 at G7 and G10. The same automated BP measurement devices were used throughout the study. BP was measured twice at each exam and averaged. Obesity and elevated BP were defined using the CDC (BMI_95th sex-, and age-specific percentile) and the NHBPEP criteria (BP_95th sex-, age-, and height specific percentile), respectively. Results: Prevalence of obesity was 6.1% at G0, 7.1% at G4, 7.5% at G7, and 6.5% at G10. Prevalence of elevated BP was 10.2% at G0, 9.9% at G4, 7.1% at G7, and 8.7% at G10. Among children with elevated BP at initial exam, the PPV of keeping elevated BP was low but increased with age: 13% between G0 and G4, 19% between G4 and G7, and 27% between G7 and G10. Among obese children with elevated BP, the PPV was higher: 33%, 35% and 39% respectively. Overall, the probability for children with normal BP to remain in that category 3-4 years later (NPV) was 92%, 95%, and 93%, respectively. By comparison, the PPV for children initially obese to remain obese was much higher at 71%, 71%, and 62% (G7-G10), respectively. The NPV (i.e. the probability of remaining at normal weight) was 94%, 96%, and 98%, respectively. Conclusion: During childhood and adolescence, having an elevated BP at one occasion is a weak predictor of sustained elevated BP 3-4 years later. In obese children, it is a better predictor.

Missale ad usum ecclesiae Aquensis.

F. 1-6v Calendrier de l'église d'Aix-en-Provence (7 juin: « Sancti Maximini Aquensis archiepiscopi... »; 7 août: « Dedicatio ecclesie Sancti Salvatoris »). F. 7-282 Temporal de toute l'année. F. 282v-286v Préfaces. F. 287-290v Canon de la messe. F. 291v-292 Peintures du Canon. F. 293-425 Sanctoral et commun des saints (f. 332v: s. Maximin; f. 352v: ste Marie-Madeleine; f. 361: dédicace de l'église; f. 374: s. Agricol; f. 393: s. Mitre). F. 425-431 « Orationes processionales per totum annum ». F. 431v-432v Bénédictions. F. 432v-433v Bénédictions et préface du mariage. F. 434-435 Messes de divers saints (dont s. Cannat, évêque de Marseille). F. 435v Colophon.

Discordant secular trends in elevated blood pressure and obesity in children and adolescents in a rapidly developing country

BACKGROUND: The effect of the increasing prevalence of obesity on blood pressure (BP) secular trends is unclear. We analyzed BP and body mass index secular trends between 1998 and 2006 in children and adolescents of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing island state in the African region. METHODS AND RESULTS: School-based surveys were conducted annually between 1998 and 2006 among all students in 4 school grades (kindergarten and 4th, 7th, and 10th years of compulsory school). We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria to define obesity and elevated BP. The same methods and instruments were used in all surveys. Some 25 586 children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age contributed 43 867 observations. Although the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls increased from 5.1% and 6.0%, respectively, in 1998 to 2000 to 8.0% and 8.7% in 2004 to 2006, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased from 8.4% and 9.8% to 6.9% and 7.8%. During the interval, mean age-adjusted body mass index increased by 0.57 kg/m(2) in boys and 0.58 kg/m(2) in girls. Mean age- and height-adjusted systolic BP decreased by -3.0 mm Hg in boys and -2.8 mm Hg in girls, whereas mean diastolic BP did not change substantially in boys (-0.2 mm Hg) and increased slightly in girls (0.4 mm Hg). CONCLUSIONS: At a population level, the marked increase in the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents in the Seychelles was not associated with a commensurate secular rise in mean BP.

Monitoring one-year compliance to antihypertension medication in the Seychelles.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the compliance to medication among newly diagnosed hypertensive patients screened from the general population of the Seychelles, a rapidly developing country. METHODS: Among the 1067 participants to a population-based survey for cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension was discovered in 50 (previously unaware of having hypertension and having blood pressure > or = 160/95 mmHg over 3 visits). These 50 patients were placed on a daily one-pill regimen of medication (bendrofluazide, atenolol, or a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol) and compliance to the regimen was assessed over 12 months using electronic pill containers. Satisfactory compliance was defined as taking the medication on 6 or 7 days a week on average (which corresponds to a mean compliance level of > or = 86%). FINDINGS: In the first month, fewer than half (46%) of the new hypertension patients achieved satisfactory compliance, and only about one-quarter (26%) achieved this level by the twelfth month. Compliance was better among the 23 participants who regularly attended medical follow-up, with nearly three-quarters of these patients (74%) achieving satisfactory compliance during the first month and over one-half (55%) by the twelfth month. There was a direct association between mean 12-month compliance level and having a highly skilled occupation; having good health awareness; and regularly attending medical appointments. In contrast, there was an inverse relationship between mean compliance level and heavy drinking. CONCLUSION: The low proportion of people selected from the general population who were capable of sustaining satisfactory compliance to antihypertension medication may correspond to the maximum effectiveness of medication interventions based on a screening and treatment strategy in the general population. The results stress the need for both high-risk and population approaches to improve hypertension control.