The examination of predictors of success in two programmes requiring self-direction /

The new Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy programmes, based in the Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario) are unique. The teaching and learning philosophies utilized are based on learner-centred and selfdirected learning theories. The 1991 admissions process of these programmes attempted to select individuals who would make highly qualified professionals and who would have the necessary skills to complete such unique programmes. In order to: 1 . learn more about the concept of self-directed learning and its related characteristics in health care professionals; 2. examine the relationship between various student characteristics - personal, learner and those assessed during the admissions process - and final course grades, and 3. determine which, if any, smdent characteristics could be considered predictors for success in learner-centred programmes requiring self-directed learning skills, a correlational research design was developed and carried out. Thirty Occupational Therapy and thirty Physiotherapy smdents were asked to complete 2 instruments - a questionnaire developed by the author and the Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory (Oddi, 1986). Course grades and ratings of students during the admissions process were also obtained. Both questionnaires were examined for reliability, and factor analyses were conducted to determine construct validity. Data obtained from the questionnaires, course grades and student ratings (from the admissions process) were analyzed and compared using the Contingency Co-efficient, the Pearson's product-moment correlation co-efficient, and the multiple regression analysis model. The research findings demonstrated a positive relationship (as identified by Contingency Coefficient or Pearson r values) between various course grades and the following personal and learner characteristics: field of smdy of highest level of education achieved, level of education achieved, sex, marital stams, motivation for completing the programmes, reasons for eru-oling in the programmes, decision to enrol in the programmes, employment history, preferred learning style, strong selfconcept and the identification of various components of the concept of self-directed learning. In most cases, the relationships were significant to the 0.01 or 0.(X)1 levels. Results of the multiple regression analyses demonstrated that several learner and admissions characteristic variables had R^ values that accounted for the largest proportion of the variance in several dependent variables. Thus, these variables could be considered predictors for success. The learner characteristics included: level of education and strong self-concept. The admissions characteristics included: ability to evaluate strengths, ability to give feedback, curiosity and creativity, and communication skills. It is recommended that research continue to be conducted to substantiate the relationships found between course grades and characteristic variables in more diverse populations. "Success in self-directed programmes" from the learner's perspective should also be investigated. The Oddi Continuing Learning Inventory should continue to be researched. Further research may lead to refinement or further development of the instrument, and may provide further insight into self-directed learner attributes. The concept of self-directed learning continues to be incorporated into educational programmes, and thus should continue to be explored.

Cours de philosophie : programmes des baccalauréats de philosophie et de mathematiques, a l'usage de la Jeunesse catholoque des écoles

UANL

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L'attraction et la rétention des infirmières dans des programmes de personnes en perte d'autonomie liée au vieillissement: un défi pour les cadres intermédiaires

Les résultats de cette recherche faite auprès de cadres intermédiaires qui sont les gestionnaires des infirmières travaillant dans des programmes de personnes âgées en perte d'autonomie liée au vieillissement(PALV) montrent qu'il est difficile d'y attirer de nouvelles infirmières en raison du peu de popularité du domaine de la gériatrie.Afin d'y attirer des candidates, les cadres peuvent faire valoir le défi de gérer des situations de santé souvent complexes, la flexibilité des horaires de travail,l'autonomie dont elles disposent dans l'organisation de leur travail, le nombre de week-end de travail moins élevé que dans les hôpitaux et l'absence de travail supplémentaire obligatoire. Selon ces cadres, la rétention des infirmières dans de tels programmes PALV ne crée pas problème. Pour favoriser davantage cette rétention, des mesures élaborées d'orientation et d'encadrement des nouvelles infirmières de même que des mécanismes d'évaluation formelle doivent être mis en place, des efforts doivent être faits pour répartir équitablement les tâches, pour amener les infirmières à agir en tant que gestionnaires de cas et à se délester de tâches au profit des infirmières auxiliaires, et pour les sensibiliser à l'importance de la notion de prise en charge de sa santé par le client; des activités de formation continue significatives pour les infirmières doivent être élaborées à partir de l'analyse de leurs propres besoins et enfin des charges de travail particulières doivent être offertes aux infirmiàres de 55 ans et plus dans le but de les retenir au travail.