279 resultados para Dicionário, macroestrutura


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O objetivo deste trabalho é colocar luz sobre a conta que vem ganhando cada vez mais importância frente ao orçamento tradicional do ano. Na primeira seção vamos consolidar um dicionário para cada tipo de Restos a Pagar, mostrando como se articulam entre si. Na segunda seção, faremos um mapeamento para identificar onde se concentram os Restos a Pagar analisados por Natureza de Despesa, Função e Órgão a partir dos dados obtidos da plataforma SIGA Brasil, do Senado Federal. Nessa seção apresentaremos a visualização do “Mosaico” e da “Geologia Orçamentária”, comparando a distribuição do orçamento total do ano com o orçamento específico da conta estudada. A terceira seção mostra como se dá a evolução da conta de Restos a Pagar como percentual do PIB e do orçamento, bem como sua execução ao longo do período estudado (referente às leis orçamentárias de 2001 a 2014). A quarta e última seção traz as principais conclusões da análise.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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Piauí state is a major producer of traditional red ceramic burning as bricks, tiles and ceramic tiles, with its main production center located in the city of Teresina. The state has large reserves of raw materials that can be used in the ceramic coating as clays, quartz, talc and carbonates. However, in the preparation of ceramic bodies using only a mixture of clays with different characteristics. The study aims to evaluate the effect of adding two types of carbonates in the ceramic semiporous mass coating produced in Piauí and then to verify the potential use of these carbonates as supplementary raw material product manufactured or the feasibility of obtaining a ceramic plate that meets the specifications for the porous coating. For this, were characterized the ceramic Piauí coating mass, a calcitic carbonate and a dolomitic, were made in the levels of 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32%. The masses were formed by pressing and burneds in two environments: a laboratory furnace (1080°C, 1120°C, 1140°C, and 1160°C) and an industrial furnace (1140°C). Then, following tests of linear shrinkage water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density and flexural strength. Furthermore, the fired specimens were tested for their macrostructure and microstructure. The results showed the possibility of using the carbonate in ceramic mass flooring produced in Piauí, as added in small proportions improved dimensional stability and increased mechanical strength of ceramics pieces. It also proved itself possible to produce porous coating when added in higher levels

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Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semantic flexibility, in comparison with pre-sleep waking (Pre-WK), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and post-sleep waking (Post-WK). The present work has two aims: (1) to evaluate the semantic distances of word pairs produced by AP, comparing men and women, (2) to evaluate semantic distance in word pairs produced by free association across the SWC in young adults of both sexes. To achieve aim (1), we applied a task of WA in 68 adult volunteers during waking (52 women and 16 men). The WA task consisted of writing the first word that came to mind after viewing another word offered as a stimulus (root Word). To achieve aim (2), we performed polysomnography to identify specific stages of the SWC. The experimental subjects were then awakened (if they were asleep) and were immediately given a WA task. The task was administered to 2 groups of 10 subjects each (G1 and G2). G1 subjects were stimulated with the same set of root words after waking from various states of SWC, while G2 subjects received sets of different root words at each state of the SWC. In the absence of a Portuguese corpus suitable for the measurement of semantic distances, the words collected in our experiments were translated to English, and semantically quantified within a systematic and representative corpus of that language (Wordnet). This procedure removed the polysemies typical of Portuguese, but preserved the semantic macrostructure common to both languages. During waking, we found that semantic distances are significantly lower in WA produced by women, in comparison with the distances observed in men. Through the SWC, there were no statistically significant differences in G1. In G2 women, we detected a significant increase of semantic distances upon being awakened from SWS. In contrast, G2 men showed a significant increase in semantic distances upon being awakened from REM. The results of the first experiment are consistent with the notion that women have a more concrete reasoning than men. The results of the second experiment indicate that men awakened from REM present more flexibility in word association than when being awakened from other states. In contrast, women showed more flexible word association after being awakened from SWS, in compared with other states. The results indicate that the cognitive flexibility attributed to different states of the SWC shows gender dependency

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Objetivou-se avaliar o grau de modificação de algumas propriedades físicas e da cor do horizonte superficial de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro textura média, submetido ao cultivo contínuo com cana-de-açúcar durante 25 anos, em Jaboticabal, SP. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois tipos de uso do solo, ou seja, ausência de cultivo (vegetação nativa) e cultivo intenso com cana-de-açúcar e por três profundidades no perfil, 0-10, 10-20 e 20-30cm. O cultivo intenso e contínuo alterou a cor do solo na camada de 0-10cm de 2,5YR 2,5/4 na ausência de cultivo para 2,5YR3/4 e degradou a macroestrutura, reduzindo o grau de floculação da argila do solo.

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This study incorporates many areas of knowledge to the Linguistics field, as it centers the social historicity of Brazilian and autos potiguares on two analytical proposes: the presence of linguistic formulas - in its macrostructure - into the paradigm of discursive traditions, following Kabatek (2006), Koch and Oesterreicher (2007), besides the theory of Speech Acts, in its microstructure, proposed by Austin (1990) and Searle (1995). Under Zumthor (1993; 1997; 2000; 2005; 2010), the idea of textual variability (mouvance) was alluded, highlighting that the text is always modifying, according to the performance and reception of the language uses. Considering this theoretical framework, we focus on the trinomial linguistic formulas, orality and performance, in order to describe the dynamics of stability, variation and change, emphasizing yet how extra-linguistic social-historic cultural relations influence its composition. Such discuss is inherent more precisely to Textual Analysis in enhancing the orality tradition as a linguistic support. The text, in its turn, becomes effective as an evocation, motivated by the transmission, reception and variability from its conservation and reiteration. Naturally, a methodological support based on quali-quantitative research was chosen, based on Flick (2009), who justifies the corpus composed by Brazilian Folias de Reis chants and Bois de Reis potiguares . Thereby Language dynamics, subjacent to tradition which takes effect by the use of a common social memory, are observed from two dimensions: on the first, it evocates the sacralization (religious) in which they stand their devotion to biblical History; secondly, a dissacralization with identified and ideological values, inherent to a people culture. The chant shows, in this ludic impulse, a contextualized activity which results in the following conclusion: the changing and stability processes in textual macro and microstructures occur, at the same time, by the adjustment to the use of the text accomplishing a social-political function and an ethical-pedagogic one; supposedly, social relationships arise the tradition and it, on its turn, evocates the variability and the nomadism in the text

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Os dicionários para aprendizes de línguas estrangeiras são obras relativamente recentes no mercado editorial e atendem uma demanda por obras pedagógicas que foi ignorada pelos lexicógrafos durante muito tempo. Esse segmento do mercado lexicográfico vem se revelando promissor, com diversas possibilidades de inovações. A fim de delinear o campo de desenvolvimento da Lexicografia Pedagógica, este artigo analisa-a sob duas perspectivas: a de suas interfaces com outras áreas da Lingüística e a de seus atores, pessoas cuja atuação influencia a produção de suas obras. Esta exposição tem o objetivo de despertar o interesse de pesquisadores brasileiros pela Lexicografia Pedagógica e, indiretamente, promover a produção nacional de dicionários pedagógicos.

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O dicionário bilíngüe e o aprendizado de línguas estrangeiras sempre estiveram associados. Este artigo procura evidenciar como o papel do dicionário bilíngüe foi se alterando com as mudanças no ensino de línguas estrangeiras e como isso pode estar relacionado ao movimento de evolução da lexicografia bilíngüe no sentido de tornar os dicionários mais adequados às necessidades dos aprendizes de línguas estrangeiras.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Estudos Linguísticos - IBILCE

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Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)