Perpetual motion; comprising a history of the efforts to attain self-motive mechanism, with a classified, illustrated, collection and explanation of the devices whereby it has been sought and why they failed, and comprising also a revision and re-arrangement of the information afforded by "Search for self-motive power during the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries," London, 1861, and "A history of the search for self-motive power from the 13th to the 19th century," London, 1870, by Henry Dircks ...

Mode of access: Internet.

South African football tours at the turn of the twentieth century:Amateurs, pioneers and profits

Academic and popular studies of South African sport generally reveal a bias towards cricket and rugby and this perpetuates the myth that these games are the most popular in South Africa. This in turn is often viewed through the lens of 'race' in which the simplifications of sport along racial lines occur. This paper argues that football was more important in South Africa among all South Africans in the late 19th and early 20th century than has been previously acknowledged. It reveals that not only was the game important and popular in South Africa but its teams and administrators played a significant role in globalising the game during this period. Tours to and from South Africa were important politically, financially and for sporting reasons. Five ground breaking football tours took place during a ten year period and these serve as the basis of discussion in this paper.

Estados Unidos y la guerra por el desarrollo: el control de la natalidad en Chile, 1960-1970

Bajo el paradigma de modernización y desarrollo norteamericano -y en un contexto de Guerra Fría-, durante la década de 1960 se adecuaron a la realidad chilena programas de control de natalidad que no sólo buscaron disminuir las altas tasas de mortalidad materno infantil, sino que además respondieron al proyecto de seguridad hemisférica norteamericana de contención a posibles revoluciones populares en países del Tercer Mundo.

Expresiones populares en la música electroacústica latinoamericana: la inclusión de músicas de tradición popular en la composición electroacústica

La composición académica siempre ha buscado la manera de nutrirse de las músicas de tradición popular y es posible rastrear, en la historia de la música occidental, muchos compositores que han recurrido al uso de éstas -- Es importante seguir observando y estudiando los procesos creativos que mantienen vivas ambas prácticas musicales y las expresiones artísticas que continúan explorando diversas maneras de establecer relaciones entre lo académico y lo popular -- Mi intención es mostrar diferentes vías para hacer inclusión de elementos sonoros que hagan referencia a músicas y/o contextos de tradición popular en la composición de música electroacústica y ver su incidencia en el discurso musical -- Se establecerán categorías para la identificación y análisis de lo que llamaré Objeto Sonoro Popular y se notará la manera en que éste es utilizado y manipulado por diferentes compositores en Latinoamérica y, particularmente en Colombia

A century of trends in adult human height

Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.

Los economistas colombianos y el problema de la desigualdad

Este trabajo tiene el propósito de responder cómo ha cambiado la manera en que los economistas colombianos hablan sobre “desigualdad” a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX.

Principios de la actividad electoral en la era digital : una aproximación al control administrativo colombiano de la propaganda electoral en Internet

El desarrollo tecnológico y la expansión de las formas de comunicación en Colombia, no solo trajeron consigo grandes beneficios, sino también nuevos retos para el Estado Moderno. Actualmente, la oferta de espacios de difusión de propaganda electoral ha aumentado, mientras persiste un marco legal diseñado para los medios de comunicación del Siglo XX. Por tanto, este trabajo no solo realiza un diagnóstico de los actuales mecanismos de control administrativo sobre la propaganda electoral en Internet, sino también propone unos mecanismos que garanticen los principios de la actividad electoral, siendo esta la primera propuesta en Colombia. Por el poco estudio del tema, su alcance es exploratorio, se basa en un enfoque jurídico-institucional. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos de recolección de datos (trabajo de archivo y entrevistas) y de análisis (tipologías, comparaciones, exegesis del marco legal), pero también elementos cuantitativos como análisis estadísticos.

Una arquitectura internacional difícil de imitar: el caso de Filipinas

ResumenLas guerras en el siglo XXI son la continuación de conflictos armados internos surgidos a mediados del siglo XX, y otras son el resultado de la segunda gran descolonización en algunos territoriosde Asia y África ocurridos por la misma época. En ambos casos se reflejan problemas estructurales de los estados, generalmente los llamados del tercer mundo. Después de la caída del muro de Berlín y la unificación alemana a finales de los 80, el inicio de la lucha contra el narcotráfico y la actual lucha contra el terror a finales de los 90 e inicios del 2000. Los países en situación de guerra interna reciben apoyo de actores de la comunidad internacional, comolos que les interesa negociar conflictos y como los que deben contribuir a la paz y la seguridad internacional. Filipinas, estado ubicado en el sudeste asiático, sostiene un conflicto armado interno de casi 60 años. Durante el 2010, ha sostenido un proceso de paz entre el gobierno nacional y la guerrillamusulmana MILF (Frente Moro de Liberación Nacional), en donde varios actores de la comunidad internacional como los Estados Unidos, los países vecinos y la Unión Europea han jugado un papel importante para el restablecimiento de la paz.Palabras clave: paz, conflictos armados internos, comunidad internacional, negociación, Filipinas. AbstractWars during the 21st century are extension of Internal Armed Conflicts which began in the middle of the 20th century. Others conflicts are the result of the second de-colonization of some Asian and African territories. In both cases, they reflect the state’s structural problems; commonly known as the “third world.” After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the German unification in the late 1980s, the beginning of war against drug trafficking and the war against terrorism in the late 1990s and early 2000s, the countries in a Internal Armed Conflict situation have received International Aid from states that are interested in resolution of wars and their own interest in global peace and security.The Philippines is a country in southeastern Asia. It has been involved in an Internal Armed Conflict for more than 50 years. In 2010, the National Government and the Moro Islamic Liberation Fronthave developed a round tables/ peace panels, where some international community actors such as the United States, neighboring countries, and European Union, have played a very important role for establishment of peace.Keywords: peace, internal armed conflicts, international community, negotiation, Filipines.

Políticas sociais de atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes no Brasil

This article analyses the emergence and development of social policies for children and adolescents attendance that are in line with the development process of the Brazilian social protection system, focusing on some of the main representations attributed to childhood, according to the historical and political periods. It seeks to present the notion of childhood instituted under the constitution of the Brazilian welfare state, in such a way as to place it within the broader context of the historical and political transformations that involved the emergence and consolidation of the social policies directed towards children and adolescents in Brazil in the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st.

Educação do corpo e vida ao ar livre : natureza e educação fisica em São Paulo (1930-1945)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Do corpo no tempo ao tempo do corpo : a ciencia e a formação profissional em Educação Fisica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

A ginastica em Campinas : suas formas de expressão da decada de 20 a decada de 70

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Educação do corpo e vida associativa : as sociedades ginásticas alemãs em São Paulo (fins do século XIX, primeiras décadas do século XX)

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

A selvagem dança do corpo

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física