931 resultados para Brasilian Amazonia


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The reconstruction of past environmental and historical events is much needed in Amazonia, a region at the centre of heated debates about the extent of pre-Columbian human disturbance of the natural ecosystems. Important aspects of this debate are to establish to what extent the rise of social complexity was influenced by the local geo-ecology; and what productive strategies were adopted in order to sustain these societies. The Llanos de Moxos (LM), in the Bolivian Amazon, is a vast floodplain made up of a variety of geo-ecological sub regions that host many different types of pre-Columbian earthworks. Therefore, it offers an excellent opportunity to compare different kinds of archaeological landscapes and their relationship to different pre-Columbian cultures and environmental settings. This paper analyses the links between pre-Columbian earthworks and the local geo-ecology in two regions of the LM: 1) the platform field region (PFR) in the north of Santa Ana de Yacuma, where the highest concentration of raised fields has been documented, and 2) the monumental mounds region (MMR) south and east of Trinidad, where >100 pre-Columbian monumental mounds are found. The study draws from remote sensing and GIS analysis, field work in the Bolivian lowlands, and laboratory analysis. Differences in the way people transformed the landscape in the PFR and MMR seem to respond to differences in the local geo-ecology of the two sites. The results also suggest that environmental conditions exerted an important, though not exclusive, control over the levels of social complexity that were reached in different areas of the LM.

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We report on previously unknown early archaeological sites in the Bolivian lowlands, demonstrating for the first time early and middle Holocene human presence in western Amazonia. Multidisciplinary research in forest islands situated in seasonally-inundated savannahs has revealed stratified shell middens produced by human foragers as early as 10,000 years ago, making them the oldest archaeological sites in the region. The absence of stone resources and partial burial by recent alluvial sediments has meant that these kinds of deposits have, until now, remained unidentified. We conducted core sampling, archaeological excavations and an interdisciplinary study of the stratigraphy and recovered materials from three shell midden mounds. Based on multiple lines of evidence, including radiocarbon dating, sedimentary proxies (elements, steroids and black carbon), micromorphology and faunal analysis, we demonstrate the anthropogenic origin and antiquity of these sites. In a tropical and geomorphologically active landscape often considered challenging both for early human occupation and for the preservation of hunter-gatherer sites, the newly discovered shell middens provide evidence for early to middle Holocene occupation and illustrate the potential for identifying and interpreting early open-air archaeological sites in western Amazonia. The existence of early hunter-gatherer sites in the Bolivian lowlands sheds new light on the region’s past and offers a new context within which the late Holocene “Earthmovers” of the Llanos de Moxos could have emerged.

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La supervivencia de los pueblos en aislamiento (PIAs), Tagaeri? Taromenane en la Amazonia ecuatoriana, está influida por agentes externos y características culturales. El área definida como Zona Intangible para el desplazamiento de los PIAs presenta cierta debilidad geográfica, lo que alterna el funcionamiento de estas comunidades. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el comportamiento de las comunidades aisladas en relación con las fronteras de contactos. Se ha utilizado el software libre NetLogo versión 5.0.3, para simular la evolución durante 100 años de dos comunidades. Las poblaciones estimadas iniciales de indígenas en asilamiento fue de 100, 500, 1000 individuos por escenario. El comportamiento está condicionado por las variables: individuos Taromenane, individuos Tagaeri, tasa de nacimientos, disponibilidad de alimento en la Amazonía, crecimiento de la vegetación, valor energético de la alimentación, y energía de la vegetación. Las características guerreras por la protección de territorio propias de los PIAs, han permitido concluir que la intensificación de las presiones externas sumadas a los enfrenamientos entre grupos aislados genera su propia extinción en un espacio temporal de 100 años.

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5 figures Acknowledgments This work was partially supported by the NNSFC (Grant Nos. 11305062, 11135001), the DFG/FAPESP (Grant No. IRTG 1740/TRP 2011/50151-0), and Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 14.Z50.31.0033 with Institute of Applied Physics RAS). All data for this paper is properly cited and referred to in the reference list.

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Inclui notas explicativas e bibliográficas.

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En este trabajo trazamos líneas de comparación entre los procesos de instalación de planes de desarrollo industrial subsidiados por el Estado nacional en dos grandes regiones de América Latina: la Amazonia brasilera y la Patagonia argentina. Ponemos en debate la noción de desarrollo, enfrentando la igualación que se había construido entre este concepto y el de crecimiento. Con ese objetivo, realizamos una lectura de los planes de desarrollo en su dimensión estructural y nos adentramos en el campo de las luchas sociales y políticas, abarcando para ello un amplio y complejo período histórico

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Rainfall erosivities as defined by the R factor from the universal soil loss equation were determined for all events during a two-year period at the station La Cuenca in western Amazonia. Three methods based on a power relationship between rainfall amount and erosivity were then applied to estimate event and daily rainfall erosivities from the respective rainfall amounts. A test of the resulting regression equations against an independent data set proved all three methods equally adequate in predicting rainfall erosivity from daily rainfall amount. We recommend the Richardson model for testing in the Amazon Basin, and its use with the coefficient from La Cuenca in western Amazonia.

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En este trabajo trazamos líneas de comparación entre los procesos de instalación de planes de desarrollo industrial subsidiados por el Estado nacional en dos grandes regiones de América Latina: la Amazonia brasilera y la Patagonia argentina. Ponemos en debate la noción de desarrollo, enfrentando la igualación que se había construido entre este concepto y el de crecimiento. Con ese objetivo, realizamos una lectura de los planes de desarrollo en su dimensión estructural y nos adentramos en el campo de las luchas sociales y políticas, abarcando para ello un amplio y complejo período histórico

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Campaign journey of José Joaquim Seabra, governor of Bahia, with a committee, in the interest of his candidacy for the vice-presidency of Brazil.

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En este trabajo trazamos líneas de comparación entre los procesos de instalación de planes de desarrollo industrial subsidiados por el Estado nacional en dos grandes regiones de América Latina: la Amazonia brasilera y la Patagonia argentina. Ponemos en debate la noción de desarrollo, enfrentando la igualación que se había construido entre este concepto y el de crecimiento. Con ese objetivo, realizamos una lectura de los planes de desarrollo en su dimensión estructural y nos adentramos en el campo de las luchas sociales y políticas, abarcando para ello un amplio y complejo período histórico