Portuguese impact on Goa: Lusotopic, Lusophonic, Lusophilic?

Não é muito dificil identificar e analisar o impacto linguístico (lusofónico) ou não-linguístico (lusotópico) em Goa, mas torna-se difícil e melindrosa qualquer tentativa de analisar o impacto lusofílico. Recentemente, na correspondência que tive com um delegado da Fundação Oriente em Goa, ele escrevia: “É um assunto complicado, quando se tenta compreender as atitudes dos grupos pró- e contra os Portugueses. É difícil encontrar em Goa alguém que se manifeste abertamente como goês pró-Portugal ou como luso-goês. É muito diferente em Sri Lanka, Malaca ou noutras regiões. Não duvido que a lusofilia está presente, mas escondida e encoberta. Manifesta-se de vez em quando por motivos de conveniência." São estas impressões de um cidadão português em Goa que tentamos compreender neste ensaio com base nas experiências históricas dos goeses.

Factors associated to breastfeeding in the first hour of life: systematic review

OBJECTIVE To identify independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life.METHODS A systematic review of Medline, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, till August 30, 2013, was performed without restrictions on language or date of publishing. Studies that used regression models and provided adjusted measures of association were included. Studies in which the regression model was not specified or those based on specific populations regarding age or the presence of morbidities were excluded.RESULTS The search resulted in 155 articles, from which 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted in Asia (9), Africa (5), and South America (4), between 1999 and 2013. The prevalence of breastfeeding within the first hour of life ranged from 11.4%, in a province of Saudi Arabia, to 83.3% in Sri Lanka. Cesarean delivery was the most consistent risk factor for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. “Low family income”, “maternal age less than 25 years”, “low maternal education”, “no prenatal visit”, “home delivery”, “no prenatal guidance on breastfeeding” and “preterm birth” were reported as risk factors in at least two studies.CONCLUSIONS Besides the hospital routines, indicators for low socioeconomic status and poor access to health services were also identified as independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Policies to promote breastfeeding, appropriate to each context, should aim to reduce inequalities in health.

Freshwater sponges, hydroids & Polyzoa. By N. Annandale.

Freshwater Sponges, Hydroids & Polyzoa

Reptilia and Batrachia / by George A. Boulenger.

Reptilia and Batrachia

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.3 (1905)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.4 (1905)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.2 (1904)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.5 (1906)

Report to the government of Ceylon on the pearl oyster fisheries of the gulf of Manaar, by W.A. Herdman ... With supplementary reports upon the marine biology of Ceylon, by other naturalists. Pub. at the request of the colonial government by the Royal society.

pt.1 (1903)

Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya.

7, 1919-1922

Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya.

3, 1906