990 resultados para BNCT, Strahlentherapie, ICP-MS, PGAA, Radiographie


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聚合物膜离子选择性电极具有选择性高、使用简便、价格低廉等优点,在环境监测中日益受到人们的关注。这类电极的响应特性主要取决于聚合物膜相中起分子识别作用的离子载体的选择性。本文设计合成了一系列对重金属离子具有高选择性的有机配体,并将其作为电中性离子载体应用于银、汞、锌、铬等离子选择性电极中,实现了对重金属离子的高选择性测定。此外,我们对海水中有机物质的紫外线消解进行了研究,优化了消解条件,采用离子选择性电极技术实现了对海水中重金属污染物的快速检测。具体内容如下: 1、以硫氮杂冠醚为离子载体的银离子选择性电极制备及性能研究。 合成了一系列硫氮杂冠醚配体,通过优化反应条件,提高了反应产率,简化了产物处理过程。将此类冠醚作为离子载体用于银离子选择性电极的制备,并讨论了冠醚环大小、冠醚环的韧性以及硫原子个数对电极选择性的影响。在此研究基础上,利用沉淀-溶解平衡法调节内充液主离子浓度,采用冠醚9,10,12,13,24,25-六氢-5H,15H,23H-二苯[b,q][1,7,10,13,19,4,16]五硫二氮二十三环-6,16 (7H,17H)-二酮环作为低检出限银离子选择性电极载体,通过优化电极的内充液和聚合物膜组份,测得最低检出限为2.2×10-10 M,电极电位响应斜率为54.5 mV/dec.,线性范围为1.0×10-9-1.0×10-5 M,电极使用寿命为一个月。采用标准加入法,成功实现了自来水中银离子浓度的测试,并以该电极作为指示电极,以硝酸银溶液为滴定剂,成功滴定了I-、Br-和Cl-离子的混合液。 2、以1,2,4-三唑衍生物为离子载体的汞离子选择性电极的制备及性能表征。 设计合成了一种基于1,2,4-三唑的希夫碱结构化合物,3,5-二(二硫代甲酸苄酯肼基-2-亚甲胺基苯氧甲基)-1-(四氢-2H-吡喃)-1H-1,2,4-三唑,并成功用作中性载体实现对汞离子的测定。在最佳膜组分条件下,以该化合物作为载体的汞离子选择性电极的检出限为2.6×10-7 M Hg2+,电极电位响应斜率为29.3±0.3 mV/dec.,线性范围为1.0×10-6-3.0×10-4 M。该电极使用寿命为2个月,在pH 2.6-5.2范围内测试不受酸度影响。以该电极为指示电极,以EDTA为滴定剂,可准确滴定溶液中汞离子的浓度。 3、以希夫碱结构化合物为离子载体的锌离子选择性电极的制备及性能研究。 本文设计了一种含吡啶杂环的希夫碱结构化合物(E)-N'-(吡啶-2-亚甲胺基)-2-((E)-吡啶-2-亚甲胺基)苯甲酰肼,并成功用作离子载体实现对锌离子的测定。在最佳膜组分条件下,以该化合物为载体的锌离子选择性电极的检出限为7.4×10-7M Zn2+,电极电位响应斜率为25.9 mV/dec.,线性范围为1.0×10-6-1.0×10-3 M。该电极使用寿命为3个月,在pH 3.4-5.8范围内测试不受酸度影响。以该电极为指示电极,以EDTA为滴定剂,可准确滴定溶液中锌离子的浓度。 4、紫外光在线消解技术用于离子选择性电极测试海水中重金属离子的研究。 海水中重金属离子大多以络合物形式存在,而离子选择性电极只对游离态金属离子响应,因此要实现离子选择性电极测试海水中的重金属,首先必须使金属离子从络合物中游离出来。紫外光消解方法相对于其它海水预处理手段是一种清洁的样品预处理方法。我们以模拟海水为考察对象,考察了盐度、酸度、有机物浓度对消解效率的影响,并在优化消解条件的基础上对实际海水进行消解,利用离子选择性电极成功实现了海水中铜离子浓度的测试,测试值与ICP-MS数值一致。 5、合成希夫碱结构罗丹明B衍生物作为载体和分子探针用于Cr3+离子的检测。 设计合成了希夫碱结构罗丹明B衍生物2-亚甲胺基-8-乙酯基喹啉-罗丹明。荧光法显示,在化合物对铬离子(III)有较好的选择性,进而我们将该化合物作为分子探针进行了详细的研究。结果表明,分子探针与铬离子配位比为1:1,铬离子响应的线性范围是8.0×10-7-8.0×10-5 M,检测下限为1.9×10-7 M。电化学测试结果显示,基于该化合物为载体的离子选择性电极对铬离子(III)的选择性较差。

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Total and subcellular hepatic Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, V, Hg, Cd, and Ag were determined in a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Except for higher fetal Cu concentration, all maternal elements were higher. Elements existed mostly in the cytosol of both animals except in the case of maternal Ag in the microsome and fetal Cu and Ag in the nuclei and mitochondria. In the maternal cytosol, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Ag were present in the high-molecular-weight substances (HMW); Se and V were present in the low-molecular-weight substances (LMW); Cu and Cd were mostly sequestered by metallothionein (MT). In the fetal cytosol, Zn, Se, Mn, Hg, Cd, and Ag were present in the HMW and V in the LMW, while Cu and Ag were mostly associated with MT. MT isoforms were characterized using the HPLC/ICP-MS. Two and four obvious peaks appeared in the maternal and fetal MT fractions, respectively. The highest elemental ion intensities were at a retention time of 7.8 min for the mother, and for the fetus the peak elemental ion intensities occurred at a retention time of 4.3 min, suggesting that different MT isoforms may be involved in elemental accumulation in maternal and fetal hepatocytosols. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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本论文分为两部分:1. 综述部分(第一章和第二章),介绍了我国包头地区稀土工业区钍污染概况,对稀土工业生产造成的放射性生态环境污染进行了分析和归纳;评述了土壤和沉积物中放射性核素污染生态物理化学研究和进展;说明了本研究课题的背景、意义和技术路线。2. 实验部分(第三章至第六章),包括以下几方面内容:土壤样品和高铁矿渣样品中钍的分析方法的建立;对土壤和矿渣样品中钍的形态进行定量分析,考察了土壤性质对土壤中钍形态分布的影响;模拟自然环境,研究钍在土壤-植物系统之间的迁移积累和钍形态的植物可利用性;土壤样品对钍的吸附-解吸行为及其影响因素。 我国包头稀土工业在稀土矿浮选和稀土精矿湿法冶炼过程中产生了大量含放射性钍的废渣、废水和粉尘,对当地生态环境造成严重的破坏和放射性污染。 采用合适内标,ICP-MS法对样品中钍分析,考察了基体干扰、记忆效应和质谱干扰,比较了不同的样品消解方法对钍测定的影响,并用标准土壤样品和标准加入法对方法的准确性进行了评价。分别采用Tessier、BCR和Martínez-Aguirre形态萃取方法对土壤和样品中钍的形态进行分析,通过对总量的回收率和萃取剂选择性比较,选择了Martínez-Aguirre连续萃取法定量样品中钍的形态,并对其进行了优化和评价。考察了土壤性质影响着钍的形态分布。 通过盆栽实验,考察了小麦对根际土壤中钍形态分布以及的在不同生长期对钍的吸收影响。利用相应的材料人工模拟了土壤中钍的形态,对模拟的钍各形态的植物可利用性和植物吸收贡献指数进行评估分析。利用不同的磷酸盐对土壤进行培养处理,考察了磷酸盐的加入对土壤中钍的生物可利用性影响。 实验了土壤样品对钍的吸附-解吸过程,通过吸附容量、分配系数和吸附百分比等参数考察土壤对钍吸附能力,并考察了被土壤吸附钍的解吸行为。通过吸附机理的分析,土壤对钍的吸附作用主要是通过Th(IV)的表面水解吸附模式进行。根据实验结果,土壤样品对溶液中钍的吸附热力学可以用Freundlich方程式来描述,吸附的动力学过程可用Elovich方程描述,并对吸附方式和吸附过程进行论述。实验发现,吸附-解吸条件、土壤性质、外源稀土元素和施肥等对土壤吸附钍有一定影响。

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近年来,随着高场傅里叶变换核磁共振波谱仪灵敏度的提高、分辨率的增加、化学位移的扩展、多脉冲实验技术的发展以及计算机技术的不断进步,使NMR技术和MRI技术在生物和医学领域的应用有了飞速的发展。论文工作围绕新型MRI造影剂的研制和稀土对动物体液代谢产物的影响及作用,进行了较系统的研究。合成了四种稀土配合物:K_(11)[Gd(PW_(11)o_(39)]_2]、K_9GdW_(10)O_(36)、Gd_2(P_2W_(18)O_(62)、K_(15)[(GdO)_3(PW_9O_(34)_2]和四种中性的多竣多胺类稀土配合物:Gd(DTPA-BDEA)、Gd(DTPA-BDMA)、Gd(DTPA-BIN)和Gd(cyclic-DTPA-1,2-pn),从对造影剂临床应用的一般要求出发,对其进行了表征和溶解性、稳定性及体外的弛豫实验,指出它们是潜在的较好的MRI造影剂。在此基础上,通过大鼠体内的MRI实验考察了/又种造影剂侯选化合物的体内弛豫效率、选择性及体内滞留时间和代谢情况,并与目前临床普遍运用的造影剂GdDTPA进行了比较。并结合动物急性毒性实验(LD_(50)测定)对其进行综合评价,且对其应用于临床的可能性进行了探讨。结果表明,K_(11)[Gd(PW_(11)O_(39)_2]、K_9GdW_(10)O_(36)、K_(15)[GdO)_3(PW_9O_(34)_2]和Gd(DTPA-BDMA), Gd(DTPA-BIN), Gd(cyclic-DTPA-1,2-pn)是良好的具有肝脏选择性的MRI造影剂,K_(15)[(GdO_3(PW_9O_(34)_2]、Gd(cyclic-DTPA-1,2-pn)Gd(DTPA-BDMA)具有良好的肾脏代谢性能,另外KgGdW10036有可能对病理状态的诊断有一定的作用。首次运用高分辨'H NMR技术,检测了大鼠长期服用不同剂量硝酸斓(0,0.05, 0.2, 2.0, 10, 20 mg/kg体重)和农用稀土微肥常乐(La203: 30.48%, Ce02: 54.67,Pr6011: 6.05%, Nd203: 8.8%) (0, 0.1, 0.2, 2.0, 10, 20 mg/kg体重)后血清及尿液中的代谢物如柠檬酸、酮体、肌酸酚、二甲胺、二甲基甘氨酸、TMAO、氨基酸和乳酸、唬拍酸、牛磺酸等的浓度、物种的变化,并用ICP-MS法测定了长期口服常乐后大鼠各组织及脏器中的稀土含量,并结合一些生化指标的测试,对稀土在体内与细胞、组织和器官的作用机理及在动物体内的积累、排泄和远期毒性进行了有意义的探讨。结果表明,高剂量稀土在体内长期作用,可能导致动物肝脏和肾脏特定部位(如肾小管、'肾乳头、肝脏线粒体)受到选择性的损伤,且损害程度与剂量成正比关系。并发现,不同的稀土离子在体内有不同的作用方式,不同的稀土离子在体内有不同的代谢和累积速率,而且动物对稀土的毒性可能有一个适应过程。低剂量稀土对代谢没有明显影响,并建议了一个较安全剂量,但仍需对稀土的农用安全性进行进一步研究。

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稀土在农业和医学中的广泛应用使人们日益关心稀土的安全性问题。本论文以红细胞为研究对象,围绕稀土对红细胞形态的影响,稀土能否进入红细胞以及稀土对红细胞带3蛋白胞质片段结构和功能的影响三方面开展研究工作,主要研究成果如下:首先,在宏观上通过超高倍光学显微镜观察了稀土阳离子及其络阴离子对正常人红细胞形态的影响。结果表明当红细胞与硝酸悯作用后其体积发生膨胀,表面出现棘状凸起,细胞间发生聚集。而以往被人们认为毒性较小的柠檬酸悯则使红细胞呈现囊泡状凸起,随着与稀土作用时间的延长多数囊泡状结构可脱落。EDTA的加入可使部分在低浓度(10~(-7)M)稀土离子条件下变形的红细胞恢复原状,说明细胞形态变化主要是由环境中稀土的存在引起的。其次,根据稀土离子跨膜研究中存在的一些问题,在总结前人工作的基础上,建立一种方法测定了体外温育和静脉注射条件下红细胞中稀土含量。进一步证实文献报道含有络合剂的洗涤缓冲液能够将进入细胞内部的稀土带出,影响测定结果的准确性。本论文中应用不含络合剂的洗涤缓冲液洗涤与稀土温育后的红细胞,在10mMTris-HCl印H7.0)低渗缓冲液中溶胀,ICP-MS测定结果显示无论是稀土阳离子还是稀土络阴离子均可以跨膜,且稀土络阴离子跨膜速度较快。耳静脉注射稀土后仅在兔血浆及红细胞膜上检测到稀土,说明在短期静脉注射条件下存在于血浆中的稀土不能进入兔红细胞。最后,应用基因工程技术克隆、表达、纯化了带3蛋白胞质片段及其融合蛋白。计算机结构模拟、荧光光谱以及生物活性的测定证实重组带3蛋白胞质片段与天然蛋白具有相似的空间结构和生物活性。稀土离子对醛缩酶、醛缩酶与带3蛋白胞质片段相互作用的影响表现为:0-10μMLa~(3+) 对醛缩酶活性有促进作用,当体系中L~(3+)浓度达到6μM时,带3蛋白胞质片段基本完全失去对醛缩酶活性的抑制作用。蛋白质内源荧光和同步荧光光谱研究结果表明,La~(3+)对带3蛋白胞质片段与醛缩酶结构均具有一定影响。本论文实验结果表明,低浓度稀土可导致调节细胞内糖酵解速率的带3蛋白胞质片段失去活性,使糖酵解速率无序增强。由于红细胞主要碳源来自于血糖,糖酵解速率的加快很可能会引起生物体血糖浓度的降低。

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有机化合物的选择氧化反应,特别是烃类的选择氧化,在石油化工中占有极其重要的地位。由于目标产物通常具有较高的活泼性,所以很难在高转化率条件下获得高选择性的氧化产物。因此对于催化研究者来说,如何控制深度氧化,提高目的产物的选择性始终是选择氧化,特别是烃类选择氧化研究中最具挑战性的技术难题。磷酸盐具有高度热稳定性,制备条件简单方便,原料价格低廉,而且其催化活性位区域易于与大分子反应等优点。其中磷酸钒、磷酸铁及其它过渡金属磷酸盐既具有氧化一还原性又有良好的表面酸性,在烃类等选择氧化反应中已表现出良好的催化性能,因而,研究磷酸钒、磷酸铁等磷酸盐催化剂在选择氧化中的催化作用具有重要的学术意义和应用前景。本论文主要在几个方面的工作研究了磷酸盐催化剂在气相选择氧化中的催化作用。探讨了过渡金属对层状磷酸钒的修饰,并以它们为催化剂前驱体,以甲苯气相选择氧化为探针反应,研究了过渡金属修饰对磷酸钒催化性能的影响。利用简单的方法直接合成了一个新的乙酞丙酮铜插层的层状磷酸钒,并用XRD、FTIR、ICP-MS、TGA和HRTEM对其进行了表征,确定合成的化合物分子式为:[Cu(acac)」0.5?VOH0.5PO4?0.5H2O。利用十二烷基胺通过简单直接的方法合成了中孔层状磷酸钒,并用XRD、FTIR?ICP一MS和TGA对其进行了表征,确定所合成的化合物主体磷酸钒为VOHPO4,十二烷基胺在VOHPo4的结构中通过与主体HPo4中的一H形成RNH3+和与VoHPO4层内的V=O形成氢键(V=O…H2NR)构成双层排列结构。利用烷基胺形成中孔层状结构的方法引入过渡金属钻和镍进入磷酸钒。以合成铜、钻和镍修饰的磷酸钒为前驱体,经焙烧后得到催化剂,甲苯气相选择氧化反应的结果表明,铜、钻和镍的修饰促进了磷酸钒的催化性能,提高了苯甲醛的选择性。发现了控制气相选择氧化产物选择性的新途径。以磷酸钒为催化剂,在环己烷、环己烯气相氧化反应中,通过在原料中加入醋酸改变了反应产物的分布,抑制了中间产物的深度氧化,可获得高选择性的目标产物。在反应温度450℃,当醋酸与环己烷、环己烯摩尔比为12.9:1和12.1:1时,分别获得了100%选择性的不稳定中间产物环己烯和1,3-环己二烯。研究了不同磷酸钒相对环己烷氧化脱氢反应的催化性能,表明在醋酸体存在条件下,催化性能顺序为:QI一OPO4>aII-VOPO4>pVOPO4>(VO)2P2O7。发现催化剂表面酸性强度不同和醋酸之间的相互作用力也不同,表面酸性越强;抗醋酸能力越强,活性中心与醋酸作用越弱,未与醋酸相互作用的活性中心数目越多,因此催化活性相对越高。同时,研究了不同载体对环己烯氧化脱氢的影响,比表面积越大,有利于提高催化剂的活性,但不利于获得高选择性的1,3-环己二烯;碱性载体有利于1,3-环己二烯的生成,但易于与醋酸反应而使催化剂失活。提出了醋酸在环己烷和环己烯氧化脱氢中作用机制:醋酸优于环己烷(烯)吸附在VPO催化剂表面活性位,这将导致在反应物吸附活性位周围几乎没有相邻的活性中心。即加入醋酸使催化剂表面形成了孤立的活性位,有利于中间物种不被继续氧化。利用上面的方法,以磷酸铁和磷酸钒为催化剂,实现了对甲酚气相选择氧化,获得100%选择性的对轻基苯甲醇、对经基苯甲醛和/或对轻基苯甲酸的混合物。与磷酸钒相比较,磷酸铁催化剂更温和,得到主要产物为对轻基苯甲醇和对经基苯甲醛;而磷酸钒催化剂更易产生深度氧化的产物对经基苯甲酸。这主要是由于他们表面酸性和氧化一还原性能的不同引起的。以磷酸铁、磷酸铜和磷酸秘为催化剂,探索了苯甲醇的气相选择氧化。研究了不同Fe(II)/Fe(III)比磷酸铁的催化活性。对于磷酸铁、磷酸铜和磷酸秘催化剂,最佳苯甲醛收率分别是在反应温度320℃、275℃和325℃,苯甲醛选择性分别为92.3%、97.1%、92.6%,相应苯甲醇的转化率为96.5%、60.9%和98.6%。

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Nonviral vectors are safer than viral systems for gene therapy applications. However, the limited efficacy always prevents their being widely used in clinical practice. Aside from searching new gene nonviral vectors, many researchers focus on finding out new substances to improve the transfection efficiency of existent vectors. In this work, we found a transfection enhancer, nocodazole (NCZ), for dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DODAB, a cationic lipid) bilayer coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) mediated gene delivery. It was found that NCZ produces 3-fold transfection enhancement to HEK 293T cells assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The result was further confirmed by luciferase assay, in which NCZ induced more than 5 times improvement in transfection efficiency after 48 h of transfection. The results from the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and FCM showed that NCZ did not affect the internalization of DODAB-AuNPs/DNA complexes. The trafficking of the complexes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the interrupted transportation of the complexes to the lysosomes contributed greatly to the transfection enhancement.

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We report here a facile method to obtain folic acid (FA)-protected gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by heating an aqueous solution of HAuCl4/FA in which FA acts as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. The successful formation of FA-protected Au NPs is demonstrated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). ne intracellular uptake of these nanoparticles is facilitated by HeLa cells overexpressing the folate reporter, which itself is significantly inhibited by free FA in a competitive assay as quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). This simple one-step approach affords a new perspective for creating functional nanomaterials, and the resulting biocompatible, functional Au NPs may find some prospective applications in various biomedical fields.

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Microstructure and some dynamic performances of Ti0.17Zr0.08V0.34RE0.01Cr0.1Ni0.3 (RE=Ce, Dy) hydrogen storage electrode alloys have been investigated using XRD, FESEM-EDS, ICP-MS and EIS measurements. The alloy is composed of V-based solid solution phase with a dendritic shape and a continuous C14 Laves phase with a network shape surrounding the dendrite. Pressure-composition isotherm curves indicate that the alloy with Dy addition has a lower equilibrium hydrogen pressure and a wider plateau region. The alloy electrode with Dy addition has higher discharge capacity, while the alloy electrode with Ce addition has better activation and higher cycle stability. The alloy electrode with Ce addition has better electrochemical activity with higher exchange current density (127.5 mA g(-1)), lower charge transfer resistance (1.37 Omega) and lower apparent activation energy (30.5 kJ mol(-1)). The capacity degradation behavior for the alloy electrode is attributed to two main factors: one is the dissolutions of V and Zr element to KOH solution, and another is the larger charge transfer resistance which increases with increasing cycle number.

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The determination of Nb and Ta in Nb-Ta minerals was accomplished by slurry nebulization inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), using a clog-free V-groove ceramic nebulizer. Samples were first wet-ground to appropriate particle sizes with narrow size distribution and 90% of the particles in the slurry were smaller than 2.32 mu m in diameter. Subsamples were then dispersed in pH 9 aqueous solutions, and agitated in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min prior to analysis. Due to the lack of slurry standards matching well with the samples, calibration was simply carried out using aqueous solution standards. Results were compared with those obtained from a conventional fusion decomposition procedure and acid digestion procedures and a good agreement between the measured and referred values was obtained. The technique provided a good alternative for the rapid determination of Nb and/or Ta in their corresponding minerals.

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In this work, a method was established for the determination of impurities in high purity tellurium by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after Fe(OH)(3) coprecipitation. After comparison of coprecipitation ability and separation efficiency between Fe(OH), and Al(OH)(3), Fe(OH)(3) was chosen as the precipitate. A separation factor of 160 for 200 mg tellurium was obtained under conditions of pH 9 and 2 mg of Fe3(+). The 13 elements, such as Bi, Sn, Pb, In, Tl, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Ti, Be and Zr, could be almost completely coprecipitated under these conditions. In addition, Te memory effect imposed on the ICP-MS instrument was assessed, as well as Te matrix effect that caused the low recovery of Ga, As, Sb and V in real sample was discussed. Finally, the method was evaluated through recovery test and was applied to practical sample analysis, with detection limits of most of the elements being below 0.15 mug g(-1) and R.S.D. below or at approximately 10%, which indicated that this method could fully satisfy the requirements for analysis of 99.999% similar to 99.9999% high purity Te.

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叙述了元素形态分析的目的和意义以及发展概况 ,并在此基础上着重叙述了近年来毛细管电泳(CE)与电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP MS)联用技术在痕量元素形态分析上的应用 ,包括该联用技术的关键CE与ICP MS接口的不同设计 ,影响CE分离分辨率及分析灵敏度的主要因素。对这种分析技术在元素形态分析上应用的潜力和限制以及发展趋势作了讨论

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研究了常乐(用于肥料添加剂的一种混合稀土硝酸盐)对Wistar大鼠肝脏中7种常见酶(ALT,ICD,AST,LAP,ALP,γGT ,CHE)活性的变化,并用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP MS)测定了稀土在肝脏中的累积情况。结果表明,稀土对多种酶表现出低剂量激活、高剂量抑制的小剂量刺激作用 (Hormesis),但产生刺激作用的剂量随酶的种类不同而不同 ,并表现出明显的性别差异

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Two Meinhard microconcentric nebulizers, model AR30-07-FM02 and AR 30-07-FM005, were employed as a self-installed micro-sampling system for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The FM02 nebulizer at 22 muL/min of solution uptake rate gave the relative standard deviations of 7.6%, 3.0%, 2.7%, 1.8% for determinations (n = 10) of 20 mug/L Be, Co, In and Bi, respectively, and the detection limits (3s) of 0.14, 0.10, 0.02 and 0.01 mug/L for Be, Co In and Bi, respectively. The mass intensity of In-115 obtained by this micro-sampling system was 60% of that by conventional pneumatic nebulizer system at 1.3 mL/min. The analytical results for La, Ce, Pr and Nd in 20 muL Wistar rat amniotic fluid obtained by the present micro-sampling system were precisely in good agreement with those obtained using conventional pneumatic nebulization system.

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The metabolic accumulation and species of rare earth in rat liver were investigated by ICP-MS and chromatography after the rats were fed by a low dose of mixed rare earth for a long time or the administration of a high dose of lanthanum for a short time. It was found that the content of rare earth in the liver increased with the arising of dose of drug delivery. Their accumulation rate was different, for example, La>Ce>Nd>Pr. The protein which could combine,with rare earth specially were not gotten through chromatography. It was suggested that rare earth could bind to many proteins voluntarily, such as some important enzymes and it might be separated from the combined proteins under certain conditions.