Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016

In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

Detection of virulence-associated genes in pathogenic and commensal avian Escherichia coli isolates

Poultry colibacillosis due to Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is responsible for several extra-intestinal pathological conditions, leading to serious economic damage in poultry production. The most commonly associated pathologies are airsacculitis, colisepticemia, and cellulitis in broiler chickens, and salpingitis and peritonitis in broiler breeders. In this work a total of 66 strains isolated from dead broiler breeders affected with colibacillosis and 61 strains from healthy broilers were studied. Strains from broiler breeders were typified with serogroups O2, O18, and O78, which are mainly associated with disease. The serogroup O78 was the most prevalent (58%). All the strains were checked for the presence of 11 virulence genes: 1) arginine succinyltransferase A (astA); ii) E. coli hemeutilization protein A (chuA); iii) colicin V A/B (cvaA/B); iv) fimbriae mannose-binding type 1 (fimC); v) ferric yersiniabactin uptake A (fyuA); vi) iron-repressible high-molecular-weight proteins 2 (irp2); vii) increased serum survival (iss); viii) iron-uptake systems of E. coli D (iucD); ix) pielonefritis associated to pili C (papC); x) temperature sensitive haemaglutinin (tsh), and xi) vacuolating autotransporter toxin (vat), by Multiplex-PCR. The results showed that all genes are present in both commensal and pathogenic E. coli strains. The iron uptake-related genes and the serum survival gene were more prevalent among APEC. The adhesin genes, except tsh, and the toxin genes, except astA, were also more prevalent among APEC isolates. Except for astA and tsh, APEC strains harbored the majority of the virulence-associated genes studied and fimC was the most prevalent gene, detected in 96.97 and 88.52% of APEC and AFEC strains, respectively. Possession of more than one iron transport system seems to play an important role on APEC survival.

National survey of the portuguese elderly nutritional status : study protocol

© 2016 The Author(s). Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Les Rendez-Vous de Chantal

Lo scopo di questa tesi vuole essere di dimostrare come Chantal Akerman abbia risposto concretamente all’appello di Laura Mulvey e delle altre teoriche della FFT per un contro-cinema femminile e lo abbia fatto principalmente attraverso tre strategie: la pratica di un cinema sperimentale e in particolare strutturale/minimalista di stampo newyorkese; la riscrittura di codici narrativi della Nouvelle Vague francese; l’espressione dei contenuti della teoria femminista e soprattutto di pensatrici come Hélène Cixous e Luce Irigaray.

Nina la poliziotta, una donna moderna nel cinema muto italiano

La ricerca, divisa in tre parti, analizza il frammento superstite del film collocandolo nell’ambito del filone dei film “seriali “che si affermano, anche in Italia, parallelamente alle più note esperienze americane, dove emerge un nuovo modello di donna audace ed indipendente. Lo studio si concentra sul restauro e sulla fonte letteraria del film, il romanzo scritto da Carolina Invernizio nel 1909, nonché sul contesto dei romanzi d’appendice a lungo denigrati dalla critica letteraria e oggetto di analisi storiografica e narratologica solo a partire dagli anni Settanta del Novecento. Viene inoltre esaminata la figura della poliziotta dilettante, progenitrice delle detective donne che popolano i prodotti della serialità contemporanea. Si constata che la dimensione filmica libera il personaggio della protagonista dalle maglie ancora retrive della letteratura d’appendice, restituendoci un'immagine femminile dai tratti dinamici e moderni.