Análise do desempenho térmico de habitações populares da microrregião de Guaratinguetá - SP

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Estudo biogeográfico do alto curso do Rio Santo Anastácio: análise comparativa da qualidade da água em canais de terceira ordem

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Análise sazonal e espacial da precipitação pluvial na bacia hidrográfica do rio Ivaí, Paraná

Climate variability and therefore the rainfall is often cited today, in times to speak of "global change", "global warming", "anthropogenic disasters," among other terms related to climate issues, which may cause floods and disasters that affect entire regions. In this sense, the seasonal rainfall and its extremes in the basin of Ivaí river, which has a drainage area of approximately 36 000 km2, covering a length of 680 km, located in the State of Paraná between coordinates 22 º 54'S 25 ° 44'S and 55 44'W to 52 º 42'W, were analyzed. Influence of rainfall for the man occupation is undeniably important, not less important is the role that this issue poses to the climate abiotic and biotic environment, because the dynamic relations between the fauna and flora is directly related to the availability of water in system (in this case, rain). The methodological procedures used during the research focused on statistical analysis of rainfall series daily, monthly and yearly, provided by the Superintendence of Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection Agency - SUDERHSA, an agency linked to the government of Parana. The analysis period chosen was from 1975 to 2005, with 38 stations for data collection, distributed evenly across the search area. The standard rainfall in the basin is explained mainly by convective processes in the summer (wet season) and front system causing more homogeneous rainfall over the basin (dry season). What is well marked is the occurrence of maximum rainfall in the years 1983 and 1997 (El Niño) and minimal in the years 1977, 1985 and 1988 (La Niña). Finally, although the study area have undergone a significant change in your landscape for over thirty years, this study indicates no significant interference in rainfall.

A cartografia geomorfológica como subsídio para a análise do relevo antropogênico em área de mineração

Mining activities are directly related to changes in natural landscapes. With the objective of analyzing the changes imposed by the geomorphological dynamics of human action in areas of mining clay, two fragments were selected from the basin of Ribeirão Santa Gertrudes / SP, representing denudational and sedimentation processes respectively. This area is within the context of the Ceramic Pole Santa Gertrudes / SP, which besides its importance as a supplier of raw material, is characterized as the largest center of international reference in ceramic tiles on the American continent. Data was collected and analyzed from the perspective of anthropogenic geomorphology supported by general systems theory and uses techniques from evolutionary geomorphological mapping. Thus, geomorphological mapping were produced concerning three scenarios, which date from 1962, 1988 and 2006 in a scale of 1:10.000. These surveys allowed us to infer a detailed investigation of the evolution of changes in topography and hydrology, geomorphology representative of the original (1962), which has characteristics of an earlier phase of earlier existing large mining pits, and its evolution to a anthropogenic geomorphological stage, represented by active disruption scenarios dating from 1988 and 2006. The last two scenarios have analyzed changes in the dimensions of relief features when compared with the original scenario representative of geomorphology, as well as an intense reallocation of surface and subsurface materials, in which human action is highlighted by becoming responsible for sculpting the landscape through the imposition of control mechanisms to natural processes.

Contribuição à análise de proveniência sedimentar pelo método Traços de Fissão em zircão e influências estruturais para a formação do Planalto Residual de Marília

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Suscetibilidade magnética e análise de incertezas em mapeamento de solos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Produção Vegetal) - FCAV

Diagnóstico dos agentes e processos atuantes na fragmentação da paisagem na bacia hidrográfica do rio Pericumã, ambiente de Amazônia Maranhense

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A paisagem cultural do Sítio Arqueológico Piracanjuba, Piraju, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A paisagem cultural do Sítio Arqueológico Piracanjuba, Piraju, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Índices para a representação da paisagem como apoio para levantamento pedológico em ambiente de geoprocessamento

O mapeamento de solos tem ganhado destaque dentro da comunidade científica, pois, à medida em que a preocupação com o meio ambiente aumenta, ocorre a necessidade de se entender cada vez mais a distribuição dos solos na paisagem, tal como seu potencial e limitações de uso. Desta forma, o principal objetivo do trabalho foi aplicar índices de representação da paisagem com o apoio de geoprocessamento, suporte na delimitação dos diferentes compartimentos da paisagem. Foram utilizados índices primários Altitude above channel network (AACN) e secundários Channel network base level (CNBL, Multiresolution índex of valley bottom flatness (MRVBF) e Wetness índex (ITW), cujo estudo foi a Fazenda Experimental Canguiri, no município de Pinhais, região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Para correlacionar os atributos químicos e granulométricos por grupo de amostragem, totalizando 17 pontos (Sugamosto, 2002) foi gerada, no Software Statistica, uma matriz de correlação linear simples (Pearson) com os índices de representação da paisagem, os quais foram não apenas utilizados na análise de agrupamentos mas também eficientes no apoio do mapeamento dos solos, a nível de subordem do Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solo.

Uso e ocupação do solo e a transformação da paisagem na faixa litorânea da Via Costeira, município de Natal/RN

The coastal area of the city of Natal due to its location and natural potentialities has been an area where we have experienced big changes in its environment, at the expense of several forms of use and human occupation. On the coast of Via Costeira beach the process of use and land occupation was structured at the end of 1970s and early 1980s, as a result of the government policy which has developmental essence, based on the settlement of plenty big enterprises by the Parque das Dunas/Via Costeira Project. This project was created to install in Natal, capital of the state, infrastructure equipment on this stretch of coastline consisted of dune fields and many parts of ecosystems which have high natural relevance and fragility that used to present a semi-isolation in the urban city, for the development of tourist activities, which is considered as a viable economic solution capable of setting right serious socioeconomic problems that had persisted there. According to what was said so far, this study aimed to analyze the forms of use and land occupation besides the change of the landscape along the Via Costeira coast in the city of Natal/RN. These changes often take place without considering the complexity and fragility of natural ecosystems involved. The geoenvironmental study was based on the geosystemic theory, thus It was possible to analyze the human interventions in the superficial aspects of landscapes holistically. The practical procedures were contemplated with literature searches, followed by field work where were fulfilled the recognition and general characterization of the area in order to investigate and analyze the main types of land occupation and its use that have taken place there since big buildings began to come out, being supported by the legislation whose laws are about protection and conservation of coastal natural resources. The research also includes the identification and evaluation of the main types of negative impacts caused due to different forms of use that induce environmental and social conflicts nearby this shore. Thus, It was carried out a spatial and multitemporal analysis from orthophotos, aerial photographs and others taken during the field work besides satellite images too. The information which is taken out from these instruments was used to draw maps related to land occupation, spatial impacts and other thematic maps. We worked on a hypothesis that the implementation of mega enterprises on Via Costeira and many different forms of intensified use by human actions, has not considered the natural aspects and restrictions of use in this area, these ones would be the main factors that brought on the suppression and degradation in this environment and consequently the transformation of the natural landscape.

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Padrões de organização das assembleias de aves florestais em uma paisagem fragmentada de Floresta Atlântica

Brazil is home to one of the richest avifaunas the world, which is subject to high levels of environmental degradation, in particular forest fragmentation. The Atlantic Forest biome depicts this history of devastation and today remains as small isolated fragments on highly degraded landscapes. This project aimed to evaluate the effects of forest fragmentation in an area with Atlantic Forest remnants in northern Paraná (Brazil) on the distribution and the organization of assemblage of forest birds and tested the hypothesis that the structure of the assembly in the fragments is different than expected by chance. We did four qualitative samplings of birds in three sets of forest fragments in the landscape, each with three fragments: large, medium and small. The method applied in the sampling was point counts along transects, traveled randomly for four hours in each fragment. Samples were taken in two periods: from September to November / 2013, and between March and May / 2014. The structure of the meeting was assessed by rates of co-occurring species (Checkerboard and CScore) and α diversity patterns (wealth) and β (turnover of species), while the landscape structure was analyzed from the parameters: area, distance between fragments, fractal dimension, edge density, fragment shape index and nuclear area index. The null hypothesis of no structure in the assembly of birds in the landscape was tested with null models from the co-occurrence indexes. The effects of landscape structure on the assembly of the structure were analyzed by the Mantel test and principal component analysis (PCA). The assembly of the structure in the landscape showed a pattern of spatiotemporal organization significantly different from that expected by chance, revealing a structure most influenced by segregation of the species. The fragments showed significant differences in richness, unlike sets of fragments, indicating relative homogeneity in the landscape structure. The differences between the size and the distance between the fragments significantly influenced the patterns of organization of the meeting of forest birds in the landscape and patterns of α and β diversity, indicating that the higher the fragment and smaller distances between them, more the standard of species cooccurrence is different than expected by chance. Thus, the fragmented landscape of remnants of the northern Paraná Atlantic Forest still has availability of environmental resources and physical characteristics that allow a persistent organizational structure of the assembly of forest birds in space over time.

Análise das metodologias de caracterização e delimitação da estrutura ecológica nos planos municipais de ordenamento do território do Alentejo

O estágio realizado teve como objetivo analisar as metodologias de caracterização utilizadas aquando da delimitação da estrutura ecológica municipal de cada concelho alentejano. Propõe-se que este trabalho reflita e sistematize as diferentes perspetivas levadas a cabo na execução dos planos de ordenamento do território (à escala municipal). Pretende-se sobretudo verificar se esta delimitação vai, ou não, ao encontro da perspetiva da Arquitetura Paisagista e de que forma deve esta ser transposta para os processos de planeamento e se cumpre as orientações de carácter geral constantes do PROTA. Hoje em dia, a preservação ambiental já vem sendo considerada uma questão de ordem social, pelo que devemos dirigir--nos para a adoção de um novo padrão de atuação que apreenda o elevado grau de degradação ambiental atual. Este padrão implica o reconhecimento das componentes ambiental, ecológica e paisagística nos processos de planeamento e gestão, fazendo com que a componente ecológica e ambiental seja tida em consideração a par dos elementos construídos e dos económicos e sociais; ABSTRACT: Analysis of Characterization and Delimitation Methodologies of the Ecological Structure in the Municipal Plans for the Alentejo Regional Planning The objective of this internship was to analyze the characterization methodologies during the delimitation of the municipal ecological structure of each county in the Alentejo region. It is proposed that this work reflects and systematizes different perspectives undertaken in the implementation of territory development plans territory (at the municipal level). It is primarily intended to determine if that definition will, or not, meet the perspective of Landscape Architecture and how this should be implemented in the planning processes, and also if that definition follows the general guidelines fixed by the Regional Plan for Spatial Planning of Alentejo. Nowadays, environmental protection has already been considered a matter of social order, thus we must guide ourselves to the adoption of a new standard of performance to seize the high level of current environmental degradation. This pattern implies the recognition of the environmental, ecological and landscape components in planning and management processes, causing ecological and environmental aspects to be taken into consideration alongside the built, economic and social elements.

Análise da silvicultura na bacia hidrográfica do rio Jaguarão (Brasil-Uruguai) : diagnóstico para a gestão geoambiental em bacia transfronteiriça

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, 2015.