996 resultados para 784
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According to the environmental characteristic of the north gulf of South China Sea, a quasi-3D mechanics model has been built for simulating the small scale sand-waves migration in the seas of southwest of Hainan Island. Based on the submarine micro-geomorphic data induced by multi-beam system and hydrographic survey record, the migrations of the sand-waves in the study area are predicted. The results show that calculation is consistent with the observation data in the groove of sand ridge, but not well in the crest of sand ridge. It is indicated that the mechanics model should be used to predict the migration of the small scale sand-waves which are dominated by bed load in the seas. This paper is very meaningful to project the route of submarine pipeline.
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大量的钻孔及浅地层部面分析资料已经证实,最后冰期时期陆架上的古季风活动得到了加强,风力搬运作用是陆架上的主要外营力,长期而又稳定的干冷季风使海退后的陆架上的海相地层发生解体,出现了沙漠环境,其范围要占据黄、渤海和东海的大部分地区,并在其下风头形成衍生沉积-黄土。晚更新世末期,强劲古季风活动的结果,在中国西部形成沙漠——黄土堆积群(黄土高原及其以西的沙漠区),当它到达陆架区以后,风蚀作用继续存在,会产生同样的地质效果,因而在中国东部陆架区,形成两个新的沙漠-黄土堆积群。其一为渤海沙漠-黄土堆积群,包括渤海海底、渤海海岸一带的古沙漠活动区和辽东半岛西岸、庙岛群岛以及山东蓬莱以西的含有孔虫的黄土沉积。其二为黄海沙漠-黄土堆积群,包括苏北浅滩和长江三角洲地区全新世以前的沙漠活动区和南京一带的下蜀黄土。当冰期逐渐结束,气候转暖,冬季风逐渐减弱之际,南黄海及长江三角洲一带的沙漠范围也相应地缩小,黄土分布的位置也随之缩小。这样在原先的沙漠活动区变成了黄土分布区,也就是所谓硬粘土沉积区。随着古季风活动的进一步衰退和海面的不断升高,来自陆架区的东北风不再是干冷的气流,而是湿度逐渐增大的冷湿气流。在这种环境背景下,长江三角洲地区和陆架上出现有于沼泽发育的环境,所以在全新世海侵的前夕往往形成薄层泥炭沉积。从距今18000年的最后冰期最盛时期到距今10000年开始的全新世海侵,全球气候发生过急剧的变化。位于亚洲东部的古季风活动也经历了盛衰变化。陆架区晚更新世末期以来的地中出现沙层、硬粘土和泥炭层的沉积序列,即“三元沉积结构”,是古冬季风盛衰过程的最好记录。黄河的贯通与青藏高原隆起密切相关,黄河不可能在海拔较高的源头出现之前就已存在。冰期海退时期的陆架不存在类似现在的黄河。现代长江口以北地区在最后冰期时期,为非常恶劣的自然环境,部分地区为冻土带分布区、部分地区为古沙漠活动区。从距今12000年开始,全球气候转暖,大陆冰川逐渐消失,山地冰川后退,洋面升高,在这一过程中黄河得到较多的水量,贯穿成现代的河流系统。而后,随着海面的进一步升高,黄河三角洲不断向西迁移,而进入历史时期。在莱州湾E孔的研究中,我们发现不同时期沉积物中地球化学特征有明显差别。沉积物粒度变化与气候变化密切相关,间冰期主要以砂质沉积为主;冰期以粉砂沉积为主。但晚更新世末期时,在强烈的古冬季风作用下,发生陆架沙漠化,也沉积了一层砂质沉积。衍生沉积的成因的核心是近源沉积。黄渤海陆架衍生沉积中普遍含有孔虫、放射虫、海绿石和粒度组成较粗,大多数都属于近源沉积,真正能随高空气流进行洲际输送黄土物质,是一些非常细粒的尘埃。中更新世期间,苏北宿迁一带的第三纪紫红一红色粘土就已经出露地表,并经常受到风暴的侵蚀。当紫红一红色粘土被搬运到丘陵一带,就形成了下蜀土沉积;当它落在长江三角洲地区的湖相环境时,就形成了岩芯中所见到的杂色粘土。所以下蜀土地属于近源沉积。
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Two field studies were conducted to measure pigments in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the northern East China Sea (NECS) in April (spring) and September (autumn) to evaluate the distribution pattern of phytoplankton stock (Chl a concentration) and the impact of hydrological features such as water mass, mixing and tidal front on these patterns. The results indicated that the Chl a concentration was 2.43 +/- 2.64 (Mean +/- SD) mg m(-3) in April (range, 0.35 to 17.02 mg m(-3)) and 1.75 +/- 3.10 mg m(-3) in September (from 0.07 to 36.54 mg m(-3)) in 2003. Additionally, four areas with higher Chl a concentrations were observed in the surface water in April, while two were observed in September, and these areas were located within or near the point at which different water masses converged (temperature front area). The distribution pattern of Chl a was generally consistent between onshore and offshore stations at different depths in April and September. Specifically, higher Chl a concentrations were observed along the coastal line in September, which consisted of a mixing area and a tidal front area, although the distributional pattern of Chl a concentrations varied along transects in April. The maximum Chl a concentration at each station was observed in the surface and subsurface layer (0-10 m) for onshore stations and the thermocline layer (10-30 m) for offshore stations in September, while the greatest concentrations were generally observed in surface and subsurface water (0-10 m) in April. The formation of the Chl a distributional pattern in the SYS and NECS and its relationship with possible influencing factors is also discussed. Although physical forces had a close relationship with Chl a distribution, more data are required to clearly and comprehensively elucidate the spatial pattern dynamics of Chl a in the SYS and NECS.
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研究从繁殖生态学的角度对高寒草甸小嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)种群进行了初步研究。结果表明:小嵩草属寒冷中生密丛短根茎地下芽植物,在高寒生境中采用以营养繁殖为主、有性繁殖为辅的繁殖策略,具体体现在以下几个方面:啼然小嵩草种子产量达4553.8粒/m~2,但种子萌发率较低,室内和野外萌发率分别仅有4%和1%,经氢氧化钠溶液和赤霉素溶液处理后的种子萌发率分别为1%和2%,而剥去种皮后种子萌发率达52.6%,种皮坚硬是造成种子萌发率低的主要原因;进入种子库、保留至返青期且具有活性的种子仅占种子总数的24.35%,其室内萌发率仅有3%,而在野外理论实生苗仅为11.09个/m~2,与此相反小嵩草营养繁殖所形成的新个体数为6256.25个/m~2,远远多于种子萌发所形成的实生苗数。此外,小嵩草营养繁殖效力也远高于有性繁殖效力,营养繁殖效力占总繁殖效力的90.92%。
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"Da-Huang" (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, medicinal rhubarb), a famous and important Traditional Chinese Medicine, has often been confused with the adulterant species in the same genus, Rheum. Through sequencing the trnL (UAA)/trnF (GAA) regions of chloroplast DNA of thirteen species of Rheum (three medicinal rhubarb species and ten adulterant ones), a molecular marker of the medicinal species was found. A pair of PCR primers based on the sequences, was thus designed, which amplified a highly specific DNA fragment in medicinal rhubarb exclusively, and absent in the adulterants at all under an optimized PCR condition.
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本文研究基于模糊聚类理论的超声无损检测缺陷的定量化分析方法.针对基于模式识别的超声定量无损检测中存在的特征提取困难、用一般特征提取方法提取的特征值质量差等问题,提出基于小波分析的缺陷回波信号的特征提取新方法;缺陷成因的复杂性决定了其形状及尺寸等特征一般具有模糊性,本文研究了缺陷识别的模糊聚类方法,以提高缺陷的识别精度及识别结果与客观事实的相符合程度。
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对武定迤腊厂铜矿成矿期石英进行了^40Ar-^39Ar同位素年龄测定,得到马鞍形年龄谱,坪年龄为(784.25±0.95)Ms,等时线年龄为(783.93±8.59)Ma。地质特征研究表明:该矿床后期改造作用明显,并非同生沉积或成岩作用早期成矿,而与晋宁期Rodina大陆裂解有关。武定迤腊厂铜矿的形成可能是在Rodinia大陆裂解时,从深部带来大量成矿物质,改造成岩时期初始的矿化,形成矿床的叠加富集和最终定位,晋宁.澄江期是该矿床的主成矿期。
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赣杭构造带中西段发育的基性脉岩以辉绿岩为主,SiO2质量分数为46.88%-53.69%,从西段至中段总体显示亚碱性至碱性的变化规律。微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。稀土元素总量具有明显的规律性分布,即呈中段(广丰)-中西段交接部(余江、东乡)-西段(永丰、峡江)的递减趋势。西段永丰地区有明显的负Eu异常。Sr、Nd同位素变化比较大((^87Sr/^86Sr)i为0.704 635-0.708 769,(^143Nd/^144Nd)i为0.512 173-0.512 758,εNd(t)为-6.8-+5.6),暗示其源区具有明显的不均一性。具体表现为中西段结合部(东乡、余江)及西段(峡江)为亏损地幔,而西段(永丰)和中段(广丰)为偏向EMⅡ型富集地幔来源。基性脉岩总体表现为地幔部分熔融的产物,西段(永丰)受到较明显的分离结晶作用影响。在古太平洋板块俯冲影响下产生的弧后拉张作用以及造成的构造带重新活化作用对基性脉岩的形成产生了重要影响,地区间岩石地球化学特征上的差异主要与流体对岩浆源区交代程度的不同有关.
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以往研究表明锡成矿与S型花岗岩具有密切的成因联系。近年来随着大量与A型花岗岩有关的锡矿床的发现,有关锡成矿与A型花岗岩关系的研究成为地学界关注的热点。 芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床位于我国著名的南岭钨锡多金属成矿带上,锡矿体位于骑田岭A型花岗岩体的内部或者岩体与围岩的内外接触带。成岩成矿年代学研究表明,成岩与成矿为前后相继的地质事件,具有密切的时空关系。本论文以与芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床有密切时空关系的骑田岭A型花岗岩为研究对象,在详细野外地质调查的基础上,运用岩石学、矿物学、矿物化学、同位素地球化学、流体地球化学等学科的理论和方法,对骑田岭花岗岩的岩石学特征、岩石成因、成岩物理化学条件、岩浆分异的流体特征、挥发性组分特征以及成岩与成矿的关系等方面进行详细的分析,探讨骑田岭花岗岩成岩过程中流体聚集的机制及其对锡成矿的制约,初步揭示A型花岗岩与锡成矿之间的本质联系。本论文主要取得以下成果和认识: (1)通过对与锡矿有关的骑田岭花岗岩体的主量、微量、稀土元素、同位素和花岗岩中黑云母的微量、稀土元素分析研究发现:骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩为高度分异演化的花岗岩,具有高硅、富铝、富碱、高钾的特征。随着岩体分异演化程度的增加,花岗岩总体向富硅、富碱的方向演化。岩体轻重稀土分异明显,表现为右倾型模式,Eu负异常明显,表现为中等-强烈的负Eu异常。岩体明显富集Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素及Zr、Hf等高场强元素,而亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti。骑田岭花岗岩两个阶段岩石有着相似的Sr、Nd同位素特征,揭示其具有相同的物质来源,是同源岩浆演化的产物,为具壳幔混合特征的A2型花岗岩。 (2)对骑田岭花岗岩体矿物学和矿物化学特征、全岩Sn含量分析研究发现:角闪石黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为774~796℃,氧逸度(logfO2)为-15.30~-15.0。黑云母花岗岩的结晶温度为714~784℃,氧逸度(logfO2)为-17.5~-20.0。随着岩浆的演化,从角闪石黑云母花岗岩到黑云母花岗岩随着结晶温度的降低,氧逸度也随之减小。随着岩浆的演化,岩体中Cl含量不断的减少,而F含量有所增加,Cl趋向分配进入流体相。随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加,岩体成岩温度降低,氧逸度减小,岩体中Sn含量不断的减少,Sn趋向分配进入富Cl流体,表明岩浆演化过程中分异出富Cl、富Sn的流体。 (3)骑田岭花岗岩石英斑晶中的包裹体研究表明:骑田岭角闪石黑云母花岗岩和黑云母花岗岩在岩浆演化过程中经历了两个阶段,即岩浆阶段和岩浆-热液阶段,分别以出现熔融包裹体、流体-熔融包裹体为特征,其中流体-熔融包裹体的出现是岩浆分异流体的直接证据。结合矿物的结构、构造特征,研究发现骑田岭花岗岩浆演化过程分异出流体。骑田岭花岗岩原生流体包裹体地球化学研究表明,岩浆分异出的流体为H2O-CO2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2不混溶体系,具有盐度高(32.98~52.04Wt%NaCleq.),密度低(0.27~0.95g/cm3),均一温度较高(190~ 494℃)的特征,压力为600~800bar,成岩过程中发生了沸腾现象。 (4)对芙蓉超大型锡矿床和骑田岭花岗岩研究表明,锡矿与花岗岩有着密切的时间、空间和成因联系。矿体产在花岗岩体内部或者岩体与围岩的接触带,成岩与成矿时限一致,随着岩浆分异演化程度的增加,岩体成岩温度降低,氧逸度降低,岩体中的挥发性组分Cl含量减小,而F含量增加,Cl趋向分配进入流体相,这种流体萃取熔体中的成矿元素Sn,并以氯络合物形式迁移。可以认为,随着岩浆的演化,骑田岭花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的热液流体具有富Cl和Sn的特征。芙蓉超大型锡多金属矿床的成矿流体应主要来源于黑云母花岗岩岩浆结晶期后分异出的岩浆热液。
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The purpose of this research was to determine polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) in five chlorinated chemicals (phthalocyanine copper, phthalocyanine green, chloranil-1 and 2, and triclosan), and to compare their 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-IpI-dioxin equivalents (TEQ). The distribution patterns of total PCDD/Fs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs were elucidated in detail. The TEQ values of toxic PCDD/Fs in all chemicals were in the range of 5.03-1379.55 ng I-TEQ/kg. The contribution of OCDD and OCDF in phthalocyanine green was 75% of the total TEQ. For chloranils, the maximum contribution of toxic PCDD/Fs was from 2,3,7,8-substituted HxCDF and 2,3,7,8-substituted HpCDF. The TEQ of HxCDF and HpCDF in chloranil-1 was 90% and in chloranil-2 was 71%. And the toxic contribution increased with the degree of chlorination for PCDFs. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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A mild and highly efficient copper-catalyzed system for N-arylation of alkylamines with aryl iodides using binaphthol-based phosphoramidites as ligands was developed. The phosphoramidite ligands are stable, cost-effective and easily prepared from inexpensive, commercially available starting materials using a simple, efficient method. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Burnley, M., Doust, J., Vanhatalo, A., A 3-min all-out test to determine peak oxygen uptake and the maximal steady state, Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 38(11):1995-2003, November 2006. RAE2008
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Wydział Biologii: Instytut Biologii Środowiska