多相氧载体CoO-MgO的ESR研究

用ESR方法研究了CoO-MgO固溶体作为多相氧载体的可逆吸氧性质。发现CoO-MgO表面的Co~(2+)可以以两种方式与分子氧可逆结合,一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2,它给出了与MgO晶格中Co~(2+)相似的各向同性的信号(g=4.2);一种形成Co~(2+)-O_2~-,它给出轴对称的信号(g_‖=2.141,A_‖=30G,g_⊥_=1.980,A_⊥=15G)。我们认为Co~(2+)-O_2是表面Co_(5c)~(2+)与O_2结合产生的,而Co~(3+)-O_2~-是由表面Co_(4c)~(2+)或Co_(3c)~(2+)与O_2结合形成的。

栽培燕麦和野燕麦C-带核型比较

对1个六倍体栽培燕麦(A.sativa)健壮燕麦和3个六倍体野燕麦(A.fatua)通北燕麦、五台燕麦和日本燕麦进行了C-带核型比较,结果表明,栽培燕麦与野燕麦C-带带型基本相似,但同时在多个染色体上不同材料间又有C-带多态性存在,多态性C-带显现在1C,4C,5C,8,10,13,15,19,20号染色体上.此研究结果可为这些种质资源在燕麦遗传育种中的研究和利用提供细胞学依据.

反射地震转换波成像方法研究

Multi-waves and multi-component get more and more attentions from oil industry. On the basis of existent research results, My research focuses on some key steps of OBC 4C datum processing. OBC datum must be preprocessed quite well for getting a good image. We show a flow chart of preprocess including attenuation of noise on multi-component datum、elimination ghost by summing P and Z and rotation of horizontal components. This is a good foundation for the coming steps about OBC processing. How to get exact converted point location and to analyze velocity are key points in processing reflection seismic converted wave data. This paper includes computing converted point location, analyzing velocity and nonhyperbolic moveout about converted waves. Anisotropic affects deeply the location of converted wave and the nonhyperbolic moveout. Supposed VTI, we research anisotropic effect on converted wave location and the moveout. Since Vp/Vs is important, we research the compute method of Vp/Vs from post-stack data and pre-stack data. It is a part of the paper that inversing anisotropic parameter by traveltime. Pre-stack time migration of converted wave is an focus, using common-offset Kirchhoff migration, we research the velocity model updating in anisotropic media. I have achieved the following results: 1) using continued Fractions, we proposed a new converted point approximate equation, when the offset is long enough ,the thomsen’s 2 order equation can’t approximate to the exact location of converted point, our equation is a good approximate for the exact location. 2) our new methods about scanning nonhyperbolic velocity and Vp/Vs can get a high quality energy spectrum. And the new moveout can fit the middle and long offset events. Processing the field data get a good result. 3) a new moveout equation, which have the same form as Alkhalifah’s long offset P wave moveout equation, have the same degree preciseness as thomsen’s moveout equation by testing model data. 4) using c as a function of the ratio offset to depth, we can uniform the Li’s and thomsen’s moveout equation in a same equation, the model test tell us choice the reasonable function C can improve the exact degree of Li’s and thomsen’s equation. 5) using traveltime inversion ,we can get anisotropic parameter, which can help to flat the large offset event and propose a model of anisotropic parameter which will useful for converted wave pre-stack time migration in anisotropic media. 6）using our pre-stack time migration method and flow, we can update the velocity model and anisotropic parameter model then get good image. Key words: OBC, Common converted Point (CCP), Nonhyperbolic moveout equation, Normal moveout correction, Velocity analysis, Anisotropic parameters inversion, Kirchhoff anisotropic pre-stack time migration, migration velocity model updating

Development and assessment of new sensor systems in food packaging applications

The use of optical sensor technology for non-invasive determination of key quality pack parameters improved package/product quality. This technology can be used for optimization of packaging processes, improvement of product shelf-life and maintenance of quality. In recent years, there has been a major focus on O2 and CO2 sensor development as these are key gases used in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of food. The first and second experimental chapters (chapter 2 and 3) describe the development of O2, pH and CO2 solid state sensors and its (potential) use for food packaging applications. A dual-analyte sensor for dissolved O2 and pH with one bi-functional reporter dye (meso-substituted Pd- or Ptporphyrin) embedded in plasticized PVC membrane was developed in chapter 2. The developed CO2 sensor in chapter 3 was comprised of a phosphorescent reporter dye Pt(II)- tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtTFPP) and a colourimetric pH indicator α-naphtholphthalein (NP) incorporated in a plastic matrix together with a phase transfer agent tetraoctyl- or cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TOA-OH or CTA-OH). The third experimental chapter, chapter 4, described the development of liquid O2 sensors for rapid microbiological determination which are important for improvement and assurance of food safety systems. This automated screening assay produced characteristic profiles with a sharp increase in fluorescence above the baseline level at a certain threshold time (TT) which can be correlated with their initial microbial load and was applied to various raw fish and horticultural samples. Chapter 5, the fourth experimental chapter, reported upon the successful application of developed O2 and CO2 sensors for quality assessment of MAP mushrooms during storage for 7 days at 4°C.

Variación fenotípica del comportamiento vegetativo, reproductivo y germinativo de poblaciones de Paspalum dilatatum Poir

Paspalum dilatatum Poir.(pasto miel.), es una gramínea forrajera nativa de producción estivo-otonal, que se halla en la pampa deprimida integrando comunidades de loma, media loma o bajo, sujetas periodicamente a inundaciones y sequias, o pastoreo continuo. Con el objetivo de analizar los componentes de la variación se realizaron estudios recíprocos, simulando ambientes de inundación, capacidad de campo (capacidad de campo) y sequía en semillas y plantas provenientes de poblaciones de loma (A) y bajo (C). Se analizó el comportamiento germinativo de las semillas cosechadas de los mencionados tratamientos, con y sin pretratamiento con agua a 4ºC e igual concentración salina que el agua de inundación de la región. Se hallaron diferencias significativas, al analizar todos los factores se destaca el comportamiento contrastante entre poblaciones cuando las semillas fueron pretratadas y procedieron de ambientes con sequía. Adicionalmente se halló que el pretratamiento permitió observar diferencias entre las poblaciones que sin el pretratamiento no se manifestaron. Se evaluaron las diferencias en crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo para cada una de las poblaciones en los tratamientos inundación, capacidad de campo y sequía. En esfuerzo reproductivo, se observa que las plantas de loma, en el tratamiento de capacidad de campo producen la mayor cantidad de semillas/unidad de biomasa total producida, respecto de las plantas provenientes de la población de bajo. Estas, no presentan diferenciación en cuanto a los ambientes inundación y capacidad de campo. Las diferencias halladas en comportamiento vegetativo, tanto para la biomasa aérea como para la relación T/R, entre otros, indicarian la existencia de ecotipos de altos y ecotipos de bajos de la misma especie resultado de presiones selectivas diferentes en altos y bajos.

Cambios en el uso de la tierra y el balance de agua en ecosistemas semiáridos : el desmonte selectivo en el Chaco árido analizado a diferentes escalas espaciales

La deforestación a gran escala de los bosques secos de Argentina es un ejemplo de la intensificación del uso de la tierra que está sufriendo el planeta. Aprovechando la aplicación de una técnica de manejo que elimina grandes extensiones de vegetación arbustiva (rolado), este trabajo evaluó cómo los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación afectaron el balance hídrico y la productividad de un bosque seco del centro de la provincia de San Luis, Argentina. Mediante experimentos a campo (escala de parcela) y usando imágenes satelitales (escala de paisaje) se realizaron comparaciones de la dinámica del agua y de la dinámica de la vegetación en sitios pareados de bosque/desmonte. A escala de parcela, la eliminación de los arbustos produjo un aumento en la cobertura de los pastos y en la biomasa radical fina del primer metro de suelo. A lo largo del tiempo, los sitios deforestados presentaron cada vez menores cantidades de sal en los primeros metros del perfil pero también menores cantidades de agua, sugiriendo un lixiviado de sales, que elevó el potencial osmótico y permitió una reducción del potencial mátrico de magnitud similar. A escala de paisaje, el desmonte produjo una caída en la productividad total, acortando la estación de crecimiento hasta 3 meses. El cambio en la proporción leñosas/herbáceas incrementó el albedo (de 0.8 a 0.12) y la temperatura superficial (entre 1.5- 4°C dependiendo de la fecha) y redujo la evapotranspiración en un 30 por ciento. La sabanización de este ecosistema ilustra cómo, al simplificarse las comunidades vegetales, los flujos de agua se pueden modificar al punto de alterar la dinámica de las sales, las que a su vez pueden producir a mediano plazo efectos suficientes sobre la vegetación como para alterar el balance hídrico y llevar el sistema hacia un funcionamiento hidrológico diferente.

Variación fenotípica del comportamiento vegetativo, reproductivo y germinativo de poblaciones de Paspalum dilatatum Poir

Paspalum dilatatum Poir.(pasto miel.), es una gramínea forrajera nativa de producción estivo-otonal, que se halla en la pampa deprimida integrando comunidades de loma, media loma o bajo, sujetas periodicamente a inundaciones y sequias, o pastoreo continuo. Con el objetivo de analizar los componentes de la variación se realizaron estudios recíprocos, simulando ambientes de inundación, capacidad de campo (capacidad de campo) y sequía en semillas y plantas provenientes de poblaciones de loma (A) y bajo (C). Se analizó el comportamiento germinativo de las semillas cosechadas de los mencionados tratamientos, con y sin pretratamiento con agua a 4ºC e igual concentración salina que el agua de inundación de la región. Se hallaron diferencias significativas, al analizar todos los factores se destaca el comportamiento contrastante entre poblaciones cuando las semillas fueron pretratadas y procedieron de ambientes con sequía. Adicionalmente se halló que el pretratamiento permitió observar diferencias entre las poblaciones que sin el pretratamiento no se manifestaron. Se evaluaron las diferencias en crecimiento vegetativo y reproductivo para cada una de las poblaciones en los tratamientos inundación, capacidad de campo y sequía. En esfuerzo reproductivo, se observa que las plantas de loma, en el tratamiento de capacidad de campo producen la mayor cantidad de semillas/unidad de biomasa total producida, respecto de las plantas provenientes de la población de bajo. Estas, no presentan diferenciación en cuanto a los ambientes inundación y capacidad de campo. Las diferencias halladas en comportamiento vegetativo, tanto para la biomasa aérea como para la relación T/R, entre otros, indicarian la existencia de ecotipos de altos y ecotipos de bajos de la misma especie resultado de presiones selectivas diferentes en altos y bajos.

Distribución, características y cinética de la actividad ureasa en un argiudol típico

p.151-159

Evaluación de terneza de reses de novillos Hereford bajo distintos modelos de invernada en el partido de Carlos Casares

p.77-85

Seven 3-methylidene-1H-indol-2(3H)-ones related to the multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib

The solid-state structures of a series of seven substituted 3-methylidene-1H-indol-2(3H)-one derivatives have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and are compared in detail. Six of the structures {(3Z)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2- ylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one, C13H10N2O, (2a); (3Z)-3-( 2-thienylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one, C13H9NOS, (2b); (3E)-3-(2-furylmethylidene)-1H-indol-2(3H)-one monohydrate, C13H9NO2 center dot H2O, (3a); 3-(1-methylethylidene)-1H-indol- 2(3H)-one, C11H11NO, (4a); 3-cyclohexylidene-1H-indol- 2(3H)-one, C14H15NO, (4c); and spiro[1,3-dioxane-2,3'-indolin]- 2'-one, C11H11NO3, (5)} display, as expected, intermolecular hydrogen bonding (N-H center dot center dot center dot O=C) between the 1H-indol-2(3H)-one units. However, methyl 3-(1-methylethylidene)- 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-1-carboxylate, C13H13NO3, (4b), a carbamate analogue of (4a) lacking an N-H bond, displays no intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The structure of (4a) contains three molecules in the asymmetric unit, while (4b) and (4c) both contain two independent molecules.

Assessment of the degradation of Aspirin by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

Purpose. To study thermal stability of Aspirin and define thermal events that are associated with the thermal degradation of aspirin. Methods. Experiments were performed using a DSC 823e (Mettler Toledo, Swiss). Aspirin is prone to thermal degradation upon exposure to high temperatures. The melting point of aspirin is 140.1±0.4ºC (DSC). Aspirin has been examined by heating samples to 120ºC, 155ºC and 185ºC with subsequent cooling to -55ºC and a final heating to 155ºC. Although different heating and cooling ranges have been used, only results obtained at a rate of 10ºC/min will be presented. All runs where conducted in hermetically sealed pans. Results. Upon heating the sample to 120ºC no significant thermal event can be detected. After cooling the sample and reheating a glass transition can be observed at ~-8ºC, followed by the melting of aspirin at ~139ºC. By heating the sample to 155ºC melting of aspirin has been detected at ~139ºC. On cooling and subsequent heating a glass transition occurs at ~-32ºC, together with a broad crystallisation (onset at ~38ºC and peak maximum at ~57ºC) followed by a broad melting with an onset at 94ºC and peak maximum at ~112ºC. Finally, by heating the sample to 185ºC melting at ~ 139ºC was observed, and upon cooling and reheating a glass transition was detected at ~-26ºC and no further events could be recorded. Conclusions. This research demonstrates that the degradation steps of Aspirin depend on the thermal treatment. The main degradation products of different thermal treatments are currently unknown it is clear that acetic acid, which is one of the degradation products, acts as an antiplasticiser by lowering the glass transition temperature. In addition, due to the presence of the degradation products in liquid form (observed by hot stage microscopy), Aspirin is still present in the sample and recrystallises during the second heating step and melts at much lower temperatures.

bis-cis-dihydrodiols: A new class of metabolites resulting from biphenyl dioxygenase-catalyzed sequential asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation of polycyclic arenes and heteroarenes

The biphenyl dioxygenase-catalyzed asymmetric mono-cis-dihydroxylation of the tetracyclic arenes chrysene 1A, benzo[c]phenanthridine 1B, and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene 1C, has been observed to occur exclusively at the bay or pseudo-bay region using the bacterium Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B8/36. The mono-cis-dihydrodiol derivatives 2A and 2C, obtained from chrysene 1A by oxidation at the 3,4-bond (2A) and benzo[b]naphtho[2,1-d]thiophene 1C by oxidation at the 1,2-bond (2C), respectively, have been observed to undergo a further dioxygenase-catalyzed asymmetric cis-dihydroxylation at a second bay or pseudo-bay region bond to yield the corresponding bis-cis-dihydrodiols (cis-tetraols) 4A and 4C, the first members of a new class of microbial metabolites in the polycyclic arene series. The enantiopurities and absolute configurations of the new mono-cis-dihydrodiols 2B, 2C, and 3B were determined by H-1 NMR analyses of the corresponding (R)- and (S)-2-(1-methoxyethyl)benzeneboronate (MPBA) ester derivatives. The structure and absolute configurations of the bis-cis-dihydrodiols 4A and 4C were unambiguously determined by spectral analyses, stereochemical correlations, and, for the metabolite 4C, X-ray crystallographic analysis of the bis-acetonide derivative 7C. These results illustrate the marked preference of biphenyl dioxygenase for the cis-di- and tetra-hydroxylations of polycyclic arenes, at the more hindered bay or pseudo-bay regions, by exclusive addition from the same (si:si) face, to yield single enantiomers containing two and four chiral centers.

Efficacy of a powered wheelchair simulator for school aged children: A randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a custom made wheelchair simulation in training children to use a powered wheelchair (PWC). Design: Randomised controlled trial employing the 4C/ID-model of learning. Twenty-eight typically developing children (13M, 15F; mean age 6 years, SD 6 months) were assessed on their operation of a PWC using a functional evaluation rating scale. Participants were randomly assigned to intervention (8x 30minute training sessions using a joystick operated wheelchair simulation) or control conditions (no task), and were re-assessed on their PWC use following the intervention phase. Additional data from the simulation on completion times, errors and total scores were recorded for the intervention group. Results: Analysis of variance showed a main effect of time, with planned comparisons revealing a statistically significant change in PWC use for the intervention (p = 0.022) but not the control condition. Whilst the intervention group showed greater improvement than the controls this did not reach statistical significance. Multiple regression analyses showed that gender was predictive of pre-test (p = 0.005) functional ability. Implications: A simulated wheelchair task appears to be effective in helping children learn to operate a PWC. Greater attention should be given to female learners who underperformed when compared to their male counterparts. This low cost intervention could be easily employed at home to reduce PWC training times in children with motor disorders.

ThermoSpots to detect hypothermia in children with severe acute malnutrition

INTRODUCTION: Hypothermia is a risk factor for increased mortality in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Yet frequent temperature measurement remains unfeasible in under-resourced units in developing countries. ThermoSpot is a continuous temperature monitoring sticker designed originally for neonates. When applied to skin, its liquid crystals are designed to turn black with hypothermia and remain green with normothermia.

AIMS: To (i) estimate the diagnostic accuracy of ThermoSpots for detecting WHO-defined hypothermia (core temperature <35.5°C or peripheral temperature <35.0°C) in children with SAM and (ii) determine their acceptability amongst mothers.

METHODS: Children with SAM in a malnutrition unit in Malawi were enrolled during March-July 2010. The sensitivity and specificity of ThermoSpots were calculated by comparing the device colour against 'gold standard' rectal temperatures taken on admission and follow up peripheral temperatures taken until discharge. Guardians completed a questionnaire to assess acceptability.

RESULTS: Hypothermia was uncommon amongst the 162 children enrolled. ThermoSpot successfully detected the one rectal temperature and two peripheral temperatures recorded that met the WHO definition of hypothermia. Overall, 3/846 (0.35%) temperature measurements were in the WHO-defined hypothermia range. Interpreting the brown transition colour (between black and green) as hypothermia improved sensitivities. For milder hypothermia definitions, sensitivities declined (<35.4°C, 50.0%; <35.9°C, 39.2%). Specificity was consistently above 94%. From questionnaires, 40/43 (93%) mothers reported they were 90-100% happy with the device overall. Free-text answers revealed themes of "Skin Rashes", "User-satisfaction" and "Empowerment".

CONCLUSION: Although hypothermia was uncommon in this study, ThermoSpots successfully detected these episodes in malnourished children and were acceptable to mothers. Research in settings where hypothermia is common is needed to determine performance with certainty. Instructing users to act when the device's transition colour appears could improve accuracy. If reliable, ThermoSpots may offer simple, acceptable and continuous temperature measurement for high-burden areas and reduce the workload of over-stretched staff.

Evolução da qualidade de cebola armazenada, variedades "Pandero" e "Legend", em função da temperatura e aplicação de hidrazida maleica

A cebola representa no Ribatejo um dos produtos hortícolas de maior peso na economia agrícola regional. Os mercados dos produtos agrícolas são caracterizados por uma oferta contínua ao longo dos doze meses do ano. Actualmente é possível, garantir o fornecimento de cebola num apreciável período de tempo; no entanto, torna-se necessário proceder à sua conservação como forma de garantia de escoamento e regularização do abastecimento ao mercado. O material experimental constou de bolbos das variedades “Pandero” e “Legend” provenientes das plantações dos associados da Agromais e aplicação de um anti-abrolhante (hidrazida maleica), para que se tenha cebola não espigada com 6 meses de armazenamento, mantendo um equilíbrio no mercado durante o ano inteiro. As cebolas foram armazenadas em oito combinações; dois grupos da variedade “Pandero” um tratado outro não com HM, conservados a 4º C. Outros dois grupos da mesma variedade um tratado outro não com HM, conservados a 2,5ºC, repetindo a mesma forma na variedade “Legend”, com uma humidade relativa cerca de 75% (recomendada na conservação da cebola). Foram observadas as seguintes variáveis: podridão; espigamento; defeitos menores; defeitos maiores; defeitos totais e perda de peso. As observações foram realizadas em períodos de 15 em 15 dias, com os seguintes dias de conservação; 0; 16; 30; 46 e 59. O objectivo deste trabalho foi perceber os efeitos da hidrazida maleica e diferentes temperaturas (4 e 2,5ºC) sobre os parâmetros fisiológicos dos bolbos de cebola armazenados. Verificou-se uma menor podridão na temperatura a 2,5ºC, a HM reduziu o espigamento na variedade “Pandero” à temperatura de 4ºC, já sem HM o espigamento foi maior na “Pandero” à temperatura de 4ºC; com o abaixamento da temperatura de 4 para 2,5ºC houve uma redução de 5% no espigamento; os defeitos totais não foram afectados pela temperatura,