Structure of cryogenic flames at elevated pressures

This paper presents new experimental results on cryogenic jet flames formed by a coaxial injector at a pressure of 70 bar, which approaches the pressures found in rocket engines. This element, fed with liquid oxygen and gaseous hydrogen, is placed in a square combustion chamber equipped with quartz windows. The flame is examined via spectroscopy, OH* emission, and backlighting, the aim being to provide basic information on the flame structure. It is found that some of the OH* emission is absorbed by the OH radicals present in the flame. A detailed examination of this effect is presented, in which it is shown that, for this turbulent flame, the Abel transform gives the position of the intense reaction region, whether or not absorption is signficant. The flame is attached to the oxygen injector, as at low pressure. At high pressure, flame expansion is reduced compared with low pressure and is also less dependent on the momentum flux ratio between the hydrogen and the oxygen streams. An analysis of the relevant Damköhler numbers suggests that this is because the rate of combustion is mainly controlled by large-scale turbulent mixing at high pressure, and it is dominated by jet break-up, atomization, and vaporization at low pressures. Jet break-up is particularly dependent on the momentum flux ratio. Finally, the mean volumetric heat release rates and flame surface density in the experimental facility are estimated.

QtUCP-A program for determining unit-cell parameters in electron diffraction experiments using double-tilt and rotation-tilt holders

A computer program, QtUCP, has been developed based on several well-established algorithms using GCC 4.0 and Qt (R) 4.0 (Open Source Edition) under Debian GNU/Linux 4.0r0. it can determine the unit-cell parameters from an electron diffraction tilt series obtained from both double-tilt and rotation-tilt holders. In this approach, two or more primitive cells of the reciprocal lattice are determined from experimental data, in the meantime, the measurement errors of the tilt angles are checked and minimized. Subsequently, the derived primitive cells are converted into the reduced form and then transformed into the reduced direct primitive cell. Finally all the patterns are indexed and the least-squares refinement is employed to obtain the optimized results of the lattice parameters. Finally, two examples are given to show the application of the program, one is based on the experiment, the other is from the simulation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Storage of photoexcited electron-hole pairs in an AlAs/GaAs heterostructure created by electron transfer in real and kappa spaces

The storage of photoexcited electron-hole pairs is experimentally carried out and theoretically realized by transferring electrons in both real and k spaces through resonant Gamma - X in an AlAs/GaAs heterostructure. This is proven by the peculiar capacitance jump and hysteresis in the measured capacitance-voltage curves. Our structure may be used as a photonic memory cell with a long storage time and a fast retrieval of photons as well.

高阶布拉格光栅在SOI脊形波导上的光刻制作

在SOI脊形波导上通过光刻的方法制作了高阶布拉格光栅.采用顶层Si厚为2μm的SOI基片,通过半导体芯片制备中的光刻工艺,在脊高为935 nm,波导宽度为2μm的脊形波导上,分别制作了刻蚀深度为565 nm和935 nm的起伏型高阶布拉格光栅,测试表明,在1540～1640 nm波长范围内,得到了大于10 dB的消光比,实现了高阶布拉格光栅在SOI脊形波导上的滤波效果.理论和实验都证明了光栅刻蚀深度的增大将有利于增加高阶布拉格光栅的耦合系数,以及光栅周期数的增加会引起更大的光栅损耗.

铟掺杂ZnO体单晶的生长及其性质

研究了In掺杂n型ZnO体单晶的化学气相传输法生长和材料性质.利用霍尔效应、X射线光电子能谱、光吸收谱、喇曼散射、阴极荧光谱等手段对晶体的特性和缺陷进行了分析.掺In后容易获得浓度为10~(18)～10~(19)cm~(-3)的n型ZnO单晶,掺入杂质的激活效率很高.随着掺杂浓度的提高,ZnO单晶的带边吸收和电学性质等发生明显的变化.分析了掺In-ZnO单晶的缺陷及其对材料性质的影响.

面向高速应用的10位2GHz数模转换器

提出了一个刷新率达2GHz的10位电流驱动型数模转换器.在综合了精度与芯片面积等因素之后,该数模转换器使用6+4结构.采用电流型逻辑以提高转换器的速度,并采用Q~2 random walk方法设计了一个双中心对称的电流矩阵,确保数模转换器的线性度.该数模转换器核心版图面积为2.2mm×2.2mm,在3.3V单电压供电的情况下,该芯片功耗为790mW.

利用WDM光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术

根据WDM光纤耦合器波长解调方案的工作原理、偏振特性以及影响系统波长分辨力的因素,提出一种改进的利用WDM光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术.该技术在原技术的基础上,采用偏振控制器控制入射光偏振状态,提高了解调的精度和稳定性.对WDM光纤耦合器的多次波长扫描结果表明,采用偏振控制器后,其波长误差可减小到5pm左右.实验采用1540/1560nm的WDM光纤耦合器对单点光纤光栅应变传感器进行静态解调,结果表明:按此技术开发的解调系统具有0.01nm波长分辨力和10nm的波长线性解调范围.

Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the PbSe quantum dots doped germane-silica glass optical fiber

We report development of a new fiber doped with PbSe quantum dots for nonlinear optical applications. PbSe quantum dots related absorption peaks were obtained at 1021, 1093 and 1351 nm. The resonant optical nonlinearity and attenuation at 1500 nm were measured to be 9.4 × 10−16 m2/W and 0.01 dB/m, respectively. The emission around 1540 nm was observed upon near resonant pumping at 1064 nm.

粘红酵母对铀的吸附研究

Characteristic of uranium biosorption in water solution by Rhodotorula glutinis was investigated in the present study and the optimal pH for uranium adsorption was found to be 6-7.At the same time,maximum adsorption capacity of 149.4 mgU/(g dry cell)was identified,and Langmuir adsorption models can be used to simulate the isothermal biosorption process with high correlation coefficient of 0.99.According to Fourier transform infrared spectra,a new peak at wave number of 904 cm-1,which can be assigned to the ...中文摘要：研究了粘红酵母对水溶液中铀的吸附行为,发现其吸附铀的最佳pH值为6～7,最大吸附量为149.4mgU.g-1,其吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温方程符合较好,相关系数R2达到0.99;比较吸附铀前后粘红酵母的红外光谱图发现,吸附过铀的菌体的红外光谱在904cm-1处出现了一个新的峰,此峰为UO2的伸缩振动峰,说明粘红酵母确实对铀发生了吸附作用。此外,氨基或羟基的伸缩振动峰由3309移至3287cm-1,细胞壁中碳水化合物或醇中C—O键伸缩振动发生位移,由1068移至1080cm-1,说明这些基团可能参与了吸附过程;蛋白质的特征吸收峰(1653,1540,1237cm-1)在吸附前后基本无明显变化,表明粘红酵母的主要成分及结构仍保持完整。吸附后的菌体利用0.1mol.L-1的NaHCO3处理后可解吸出其中96%的铀,可见该菌在铀矿废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。

粘红酵母对铀的吸附研究

研究了粘红酵母对水溶液中铀的吸附行为,发现其吸附铀的最佳pH值为6～7,最大吸附量为149.4mgU.g-1,其吸附等温线和Langmuir吸附等温方程符合较好,相关系数R2达到0.99;比较吸附铀前后粘红酵母的红外光谱图发现,吸附过铀的菌体的红外光谱在904cm-1处出现了一个新的峰,此峰为UO2的伸缩振动峰,说明粘红酵母确实对铀发生了吸附作用。此外,氨基或羟基的伸缩振动峰由3309移至3287cm-1,细胞壁中碳水化合物或醇中C—O键伸缩振动发生位移,由1068移至1080cm-1,说明这些基团可能参与了吸附过程;蛋白质的特征吸收峰(1653,1540,1237cm-1)在吸附前后基本无明显变化,表明粘红酵母的主要成分及结构仍保持完整。吸附后的菌体利用0.1mol.L-1的NaHCO3处理后可解吸出其中96%的铀,可见该菌在铀矿废水处理方面具有广阔的应用前景。

从CsCl靶中分离I、Ba和Ce的化学流程

用47MeV/nucleon的12C离子轰击133Cs靶,产生许多种不同元素的同位素。利用经典的化学分离方法,从大量的Cs和其它反应产物混合物中分离出I、Ba和Ce等。使用离线γ谱学方法,完成I、Ba、Ce等样品的γ活性测量。根据每种元素不同同位素的特征γ射线峰的强度和丰度,对I、Ba和Ce等样品中杂质的含量进行分析。结果显示该流程对杂质元素去污的效果是满意的。